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Fügenschuh M, Fu F. Overcoming vaccine hesitancy by multiplex social network targeting: an analysis of targeting algorithms and implications. APPLIED NETWORK SCIENCE 2023; 8:67. [PMID: 37745797 PMCID: PMC10514145 DOI: 10.1007/s41109-023-00595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating social factors into disease prevention and control efforts is an important undertaking of behavioral epidemiology. The interplay between disease transmission and human health behaviors, such as vaccine uptake, results in complex dynamics of biological and social contagions. Maximizing intervention adoptions via network-based targeting algorithms by harnessing the power of social contagion for behavior and attitude changes largely remains a challenge. Here we address this issue by considering a multiplex network setting. Individuals are situated on two layers of networks: the disease transmission network layer and the peer influence network layer. The disease spreads through direct close contacts while vaccine views and uptake behaviors spread interpersonally within a potentially virtual network. The results of our comprehensive simulations show that network-based targeting with pro-vaccine supporters as initial seeds significantly influences vaccine adoption rates and reduces the extent of an epidemic outbreak. Network targeting interventions are much more effective by selecting individuals with a central position in the opinion network as compared to those grouped in a community or connected professionally. Our findings provide insight into network-based interventions to increase vaccine confidence and demand during an ongoing epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fügenschuh
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Luxemburgerstr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, 03755 Hanover, NH USA
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Sun J, Zhong Z, Zhu K, Xu P, Zhou C, Liu Z, Zhou Q, Wen J, Gao Y, Li Y, Zhang X. Anxiety and depression among medical staff facing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in China. J Affect Disord 2023; 324:632-636. [PMID: 36610598 PMCID: PMC9811851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-COV-2 vaccination is being carried out worldwide. However, little is known about the effect of SARS-COV-2 vaccination on psychological problems faced by the medical staff. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors contributing to anxiety and depression among medical staff facing SARS-COV-2 vaccination. METHODS The GAD-7 and the PHQ-9 scales were used to investigate the anxiety and depression among participants involved in SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Multivariate logistics regression analysis method was used to assess the risk factors related to anxiety or depression. RESULTS A total of 6984 people responded to all the surveyed questions in our study, including 2707 medical staff and 4277 nonmedical staff. Of the participants, 680 reported anxiety, while 1354 reported depression. Higher anxiety levels were observed among medical staff (13.1 % vs. 7.6 % among the non-medical staff). Participants suffered from depression with higher numbers among medical staff (24.7 % vs. 16.0 % among the non-medical staff). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female medical staff was at higher risk of anxiety and depression compared to their male counterparts (OR = 1.497; OR = 1.417). Pregnancy intention increased the risk of anxiety and depression among medical staff (OR = 1.601; OR = 1.724). LIMITATIONS Our findings may not be extrapolated to other countries. CONCLUSION Medical staff facing SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were more likely to suffer from anxiety or depression, especially the females planning for pregnancy. These results should assist in updating intervention guidelines for the mental health of medical staff facing vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhong
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Jishou University, 120 Renmin South Road, 416000 Jishou City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ping Xu
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chaojun Zhou
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhenghao Liu
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jun Wen
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yunchun Gao
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yandeng Li
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Changde City, 818 Renmin Road, 415000 Changde City, Hunan Province, China.
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Tanihara T, Yamaguchi S. How was the coronavirus vaccine accepted on Twitter? A computational analysis using big data in Japan. GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, MEMORY AND COMMUNICATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/gkmc-07-2022-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to reveal how the COVID-19 vaccine was accepted in the Japanese Twitter-sphere. This study explores how the topics related to the vaccine promotion project changed on Twitter and how the topics that were likely to spread changed during the vaccine promotion project.
Design/methodology/approach
The computational social science methodology was adopted. This study collected all tweets containing the word “vaccine” using the Twitter API from March to October 2021 and conducted the following analysis: analyzing frequent words and identifying topics likely to spread through the cosine similarity and Tobit model.
Findings
First, vaccine hesitancy–related words were frequently mentioned during the vaccine introduction and dissemination periods and had diffusing power only during the former period. Second, vaccine administration–related words were frequently mentioned and diffused through April to May and had diffusing power throughout the period. The background to these findings is that the sentiment of longing for vaccines outweighed that of hesitancy toward vaccines during this period.
Originality/value
This study finds that the timing of the rise in vaccine hesitation sentiment and the timing of the start of vaccine supply were misaligned. This is one of the reasons that Japan, which originally exhibited strong vaccine hesitancy, did not face vaccine hesitancy in the COVID-19 vaccine promotion project.
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Persistent drop in confidence following US recommended pause of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine administration. Vaccine 2023; 41:5-9. [PMID: 36443155 PMCID: PMC9692206 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Janssen COVID-19 vaccine came to market in February 2021 as the first non-mRNA and first single-dose formula approved for use in the US. In April 2021, a temporary pause was recommended for the vaccine after the discovery of rare but serious post-vaccination side-effects. We fielded a large-scale nationally representative survey (n = 401,398) on individual confidence in each of the COVID-19 vaccine formulas available in the US before, during, and after this pause. We find widespread loss of confidence in the Janssen vaccine across gender, age, and other demographics, which persisted over time and after lifting of the halt. Despite this drop, overall reasons for remaining unvaccinated were stable and there was a concurrent minor bump in confidence towards other vaccine formulas. This contrast between the persistent reduction in confidence in the Janssen vaccine and the apparent maintenance of the broader campaign's integrity, highlights the complex dynamics and downstream effects of the pause.
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Albers JR, Brown JB, Charkowick SV, Ram N, Klocksieben FA, Kumar A. Comparative Benefits and Risks Associated with Currently Authorized COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122065. [PMID: 36560476 PMCID: PMC9788423 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a systematic assessment of the efficacy, risks, and methodological quality of evidence from five major publicly available vaccine trials. Results from Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA, Moderna-US NIH mRN-1273, AstraZeneca-Oxford ChAdOx1 nCov-19, Gamaleya GamCovidVac (Sputnik V), and Ad26.COV2.S Johnson & Johnson vaccines were included. Extracted benefits and risks data from each trial were summarized using the GRADE approach denoting the overall certainty of evidence along with relative and absolute effects. Relative risk reduction across all five vaccine trials ranged from 45% to 96%. Absolute risk reduction in symptomatic COVID-19 ranged from 6 to 17 per 1000 across trials. None of the vaccines were associated with a significant increase in serious adverse events compared to placebo. The overall certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate. All five vaccines are effective and safe, but suggest room for improvement in the conduct of large-scale vaccine trials. Certainty of evidence was downrated due to risk of bias, which can be mitigated by improving transparency and thoroughness in conduct and reporting of outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R. Albers
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Brown
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Shaun V. Charkowick
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Natasha Ram
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Farina A. Klocksieben
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Research Methodology and Biostatistics Core, Office of Research, Department of Internal Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd MDC 27, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Research Methodology and Biostatistics Core, Office of Research, Department of Internal Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd MDC 27, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-396-9194
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Müller J, Tellier A, Kurschilgen M. Echo chambers and opinion dynamics explain the occurrence of vaccination hesitancy. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220367. [PMID: 36312563 PMCID: PMC9554521 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination hesitancy is a major obstacle to achieving and maintaining herd immunity. Therefore, public health authorities need to understand the dynamics of an anti-vaccine opinion in the population. We introduce a spatially structured mathematical model of opinion dynamics with reinforcement. The model allows as an emergent property for the occurrence of echo chambers, i.e. opinion bubbles in which information that is incompatible with one's entrenched worldview, is probably disregarded. We scale the model both to a deterministic limit and to a weak-effects limit, and obtain bifurcations, phase transitions and the invariant measure. Fitting the model to measles and meningococci vaccination coverage across Germany, reveals that the emergence of echo chambers dynamics explains the occurrence and persistence of the anti-vaccination opinion in allowing anti-vaxxers to isolate and to ignore pro-vaccination facts. We predict and compare the effectiveness of different policies aimed at influencing opinion dynamics in order to increase vaccination uptake. According to our model, measures aiming at reducing the salience of partisan anti-vaccine information sources would have the largest effect on enhancing vaccination uptake. By contrast, measures aiming at reducing the reinforcement of vaccination deniers are predicted to have the smallest impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Müller
- Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
- Institute for Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aurélien Tellier
- Section of Population Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munchen, Germany
| | - Michael Kurschilgen
- Department of Economics, UniDistance Suisse / FernUni Schweiz, Brig, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
- Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, USA
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Chen J, Liu Y, Yue J, Duan X, Tang M. Coevolving spreading dynamics of negative information and epidemic on multiplex networks. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2022; 110:3881-3891. [PMID: 36035014 PMCID: PMC9395805 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-022-07776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread dissemination of negative information on vaccine may arise people's concern on the safety of vaccine and increase their hesitancy in vaccination, which can seriously impede the progress of epidemic control. Existing works on information-epidemic coupled dynamics focus on the suppression effects of information on epidemic. Here we propose a negative information and epidemic coupled propagation model on two-layer multiplex networks to study the effects of negative information of vaccination on epidemic spreading, where the negative information propagates on the virtual communication layer and the disease spreads on the physical contact layer. In our model, an individual getting an adverse event after vaccination will spread negative information and an individual affected by the negative information will reduce his/her willingness to get vaccinated and spread the negative information. By using the microscopic Markov chain method, we analytically predict the epidemic threshold and final infection density, which agree well with simulation results. We find that the spread of negative information leads to a lower epidemic outbreak threshold and a higher final infection density. However, the individuals' vaccination activities, but not the negative information spreading, has a leading impact on epidemic spreading. Only when the individuals obviously reduce their vaccination willingness due to negative information, the negative information can impact the epidemic spreading significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Chen
- School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 China
- Tianjin Key Lab of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384 China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 China
| | - Jing Yue
- School of Computer Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 China
| | - Xi Duan
- School of Science, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500 China
| | - Ming Tang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241 China
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Harper T, Tomkinson S, Attwell K. Communication Is Not a Virus: COVID-19 Vaccine-Critical Activity on Facebook and Implications for the 'Infodemic' Concept. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:563-573. [PMID: 36250528 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2136307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In February 2020 the World Health Organization declared an 'infodemic' in relation to COVID-19. The label infers that people are being contaminated by 'misinformation' as they would be by a virus. However, this metaphor conveys a simplistic empirical understanding of communication, which may encourage 'information control' responses. This article argues for the importance of understanding the diverse factors that impact the effectiveness of communication - including the context in which it is received, and the emergent properties created through communication processes. Analyzing 'vaccine-critical' Facebook activity in Australia between 1 December 2020 and 28 February 2022, we find that controlling access to or censoring vaccine-critical misinformation does not lead to a reduction in vaccine-critical narratives. Rather, discussions continue based on more tenable political and social arguments. Further, bans antagonize vaccine-critical Facebook users and encourage them to move to other platforms where they may be radicalized. Crucially, recruitment to vaccine-critical sites accelerated following both bans of 'misinformation' and the introduction of vaccine mandates, suggesting that such responses can lead to increased discontentment. Accordingly, we call for researchers, policy makers and media platforms to engage with a more nuanced view of communication, acknowledging the powerful role of audiences' uses and gratifications in determining the effectiveness of public health messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauel Harper
- School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sian Tomkinson
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katie Attwell
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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9
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Harper T, Attwell K. How Vaccination Rumours Spread Online: Tracing the Dissemination of Information Regarding Adverse Events of COVID-19 Vaccines. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604228. [PMID: 35707226 PMCID: PMC9189631 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To trace the emergence and dissemination of the most prominent rumours about potential adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: We use a weekly Google Trends search to gather information about what alleged adverse events are being associated with COVID vaccines by the general population. We then use CrowdTangle and Factiva searches to examine how discussions about the five most prominent adverse events have spread through traditional media channels and Facebook.Results: Traditional mass media reporting remains crucial in both promoting and moderating discussions around alleged adverse events. While some cases illustrate that social media networks can synthesise and amplify rumours about adverse events, traditional media coverage remains crucial as a forum for exploring and debunking spurious claims.Conclusion: Traditional media stories still bear signficant responsibility as credibility markers for rumours about vaccine adverse events. Journalists should therefore be encouraged to be particularly earnest when reporting such stories, and the scientific community should aid journalists in this task by clearly responding to any rumours emerging online.
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10
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Beleboni RO, Silveira ELV, Stabeli RG. Beyond COVID-19 Vaccination: Global Human Unity and Ensuing Economic Alliances. Front Public Health 2022; 9:769764. [PMID: 35004582 PMCID: PMC8739775 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.769764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rene O Beleboni
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto University, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L V Silveira
- LABI (Laboratory of B Cell Immunology), Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Stabeli
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos, Brazil.,Departamento de Medicina, Plataforma de Medicina Translacional, Fiocruz-SP, Ribeirão Preto, UFSCAR e Unidade de Emergência, preparação e catástrofe em Saúde Pública, OPAS/OMS, Brasilia, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Bi-Institutional Plaform of Translational Medicine, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Anderson A, Seddon M, Shahzad K, Lunevicius R. Post-COVID-19 vaccination occurrence of splenic infarction due to arterial thrombosis. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e243846. [PMID: 34876440 PMCID: PMC8655567 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of an 82-year-old woman admitted to a regional emergency general surgery centre with severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain and tenderness within 21 days of receiving the first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine (Vaxzevria, AstraZeneca). Following further investigation through CT imaging, a thrombus was discovered in the patient's splenic artery resulting in a large splenic infarct. Splenic infarcts are rare and it is important to note the association between time of administration of the first dose of vaccine and the occurrence of thromboembolic complications in the noted absence of other risk factors for this condition. We hypothesise a link between Vaxzevria vaccine injection and a rare form of thromboembolic complication: thrombosis of the splenic artery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Seddon
- Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Khalid Shahzad
- Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Raimundas Lunevicius
- Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Sonawane K, Lin YY, Damgacioglu H, Zhu Y, Fernandez ME, Montealegre JR, Cazaban CG, Li R, Lairson DR, Lin Y, Giuliano AR, Deshmukh AA. Trends in Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Safety Concerns and Adverse Event Reporting in the United States. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2124502. [PMID: 34533574 PMCID: PMC8449282 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In the US, safety concern has been identified as a primary barrier to initiating the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. It is unclear if the public's sentiment concerning HPV vaccine safety aligns with postmarketing vaccine safety surveillance data. OBJECTIVE To perform a parallel assessment of trends in HPV vaccine safety concerns and HPV vaccine adverse event (AE) reporting. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study was a cross-sectional analysis of the National Immunization Survey (NIS) and Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Participants in the NIS were adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. AEs were reported to VAERS by patients, health care clinicians, or other sources. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2020 to May 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Secular trends in HPV vaccine safety concerns and spontaneous AE reporting for HPV vaccination from 2015 to 2018. RESULTS Caregivers of 39 364 unvaccinated adolescents with a mean (SD) age of 15.57 (0.08) years (26 996 White adolescents [62.9%], 22 707 male adolescents [56.1%], 11 392 privately insured [62.6%], and 32 674 above the poverty level [79.3%]) reported their reasons for not initiating the HPV vaccine series in the 2015-2018 NIS. Citing safety concerns as the primary reason for not initiating the HPV vaccine series increased from 13.0% (95% CI, 12.1%-14.0%) in 2015 to 23.4% (95% CI, 21.8%-25.0%) in 2018 (P for trend < .001), equating to a change from 170 046 to 259 157 US adolescents not initiating the vaccine because of safety concerns. The proportion of parents citing safety concerns as the main reason for HPV vaccine hesitancy increased in 30 states. The largest increases (more than 200%) were observed in California, Hawaii, South Dakota, and Mississippi. During 2015 to 2018, 16 621 AE reports following HPV vaccination were reported to VAERS. The AE reporting rate per 100 000 doses distributed decreased from 44.7 in 2015 to 29.4 in 2018 (P for trend < .001). The serious AE reporting rate, including those leading to hospitalizations, disability, life-threatening condition, or death did not change. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a rise in citing safety concerns was observed among parents with HPV vaccine hesitancy, contrary to the nonserious and serious AE reporting trends. These findings suggest an urgent need to combat the rising sentiment of safety concerns among caregivers to increase HPV vaccine confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Sonawane
- Center for Healthcare Data, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Yueh-Yun Lin
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Haluk Damgacioglu
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Yenan Zhu
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria E Fernandez
- Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Cecilia Ganduglia Cazaban
- Center for Healthcare Data, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Ruosha Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Lairson
- Center for Health Services Research, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ashish A Deshmukh
- Center for Healthcare Data, Department of Management, Policy, and Community Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas
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Epstein JM, Hatna E, Crodelle J. Triple contagion: a two-fears epidemic model. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210186. [PMID: 34343457 PMCID: PMC8331242 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a differential equations model in which contagious disease transmission is affected by contagious fear of the disease and contagious fear of the control, in this case vaccine. The three contagions are coupled. The two fears evolve and interact in ways that shape distancing behaviour, vaccine uptake, and their relaxation. These behavioural dynamics in turn can amplify or suppress disease transmission, which feeds back to affect behaviour. The model reveals several coupled contagion mechanisms for multiple epidemic waves. Methodologically, the paper advances infectious disease modelling by including human behavioural adaptation, drawing on the neuroscience of fear learning, extinction and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Epstein
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erez Hatna
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Piraveenan M, Sawleshwarkar S, Walsh M, Zablotska I, Bhattacharyya S, Farooqui HH, Bhatnagar T, Karan A, Murhekar M, Zodpey S, Rao KSM, Pattison P, Zomaya A, Perc M. Optimal governance and implementation of vaccination programmes to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210429. [PMID: 34113457 PMCID: PMC8188005 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the recent introduction of several viable vaccines for SARS-CoV-2, vaccination uptake has become the key factor that will determine our success in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that game theory and social network models should be used to guide decisions pertaining to vaccination programmes for the best possible results. In the months following the introduction of vaccines, their availability and the human resources needed to run the vaccination programmes have been scarce in many countries. Vaccine hesitancy is also being encountered from some sections of the general public. We emphasize that decision-making under uncertainty and imperfect information, and with only conditionally optimal outcomes, is a unique forte of established game-theoretic modelling. Therefore, we can use this approach to obtain the best framework for modelling and simulating vaccination prioritization and uptake that will be readily available to inform important policy decisions for the optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra Piraveenan
- Complex Systems Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shailendra Sawleshwarkar
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
| | - Michael Walsh
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Iryna Zablotska
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Samit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Mathematics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Anup Karan
- Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - K. S. Mallikarjuna Rao
- Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Philippa Pattison
- Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Albert Zomaya
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Matjaz Perc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Puri N, Coomes EA, Haghbayan H, Gunaratne K. Social media and vaccine hesitancy: new updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2586-2593. [PMID: 32693678 PMCID: PMC7733887 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in vaccination over the past century, resurgence of vaccine-preventable illnesses has led the World Health Organization to identify vaccine hesitancy as a major threat to global health. Vaccine hesitancy may be fueled by health information obtained from a variety of sources, including new media such as the Internet and social media platforms. As access to technology has improved, social media has attained global penetrance. In contrast to traditional media, social media allow individuals to rapidly create and share content globally without editorial oversight. Users may self-select content streams, contributing to ideological isolation. As such, there are considerable public health concerns raised by anti-vaccination messaging on such platforms and the consequent potential for downstream vaccine hesitancy, including the compromise of public confidence in future vaccine development for novel pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2 for the prevention of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the current position of social media platforms in propagating vaccine hesitancy and explore next steps in how social media may be used to improve health literacy and foster public trust in vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Puri
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric A. Coomes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hourmazd Haghbayan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Keith Gunaratne
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Modelling microbial infection to address global health challenges. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1612-1619. [PMID: 31541212 PMCID: PMC6800015 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The continued growth of the world’s population and increased interconnectivity heighten the risk that infectious diseases pose for human health worldwide. Epidemiological modelling is a tool that can be used to mitigate this risk by predicting disease spread or quantifying the impact of different intervention strategies on disease transmission dynamics. We illustrate how four decades of methodological advances and improved data quality have facilitated the contribution of modelling to address global health challenges, exemplified by models for the HIV crisis, emerging pathogens and pandemic preparedness. Throughout, we discuss the importance of designing a model that is appropriate to the research question and the available data. We highlight pitfalls that can arise in model development, validation and interpretation. Close collaboration between empiricists and modellers continues to improve the accuracy of predictions and the optimization of models for public health decision-making.
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