1
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Osterlund E, Ristimäki A, Mäkinen MJ, Kytölä S, Kononen J, Pfeiffer P, Soveri LM, Keinänen M, Sorbye H, Nunes L, Salminen T, Nieminen L, Uutela A, Halonen P, Ålgars A, Sundström J, Kallio R, Ristamäki R, Lamminmäki A, Stedt H, Heervä E, Kuopio T, Sjöblom T, Isoniemi H, Glimelius B, Osterlund P. Atypical (non-V600E) BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer in population and real-world cohorts. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:488-503. [PMID: 37724848 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BRAF-V600E mutation (mt) is a strong negative prognostic and predictive biomarker in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Non-V600Emt, designated atypical BRAFmt (aBRAFmt) are rare, and little is known about their frequency, co-mutations and prognostic and predictive role. These were compared between mutational groups of mCRC patients collected from three Nordic population-based or real-world cohorts. Pathology of aBRAFmt was studied. The study included 1449 mCRC patients with 51 (3%) aBRAFmt, 182 (13%) BRAF-V600Emt, 456 (31%) RAS&BRAF wild-type (wt) and 760 (52%) RASmt tumours. aBRAFmt were seen in 2% of real-world and 4% of population-based cohorts. Twenty-six different aBRAFmt were detected, 11 (22%) class 2 (serrated adenocarcinoma in 2/9 tested), 32 (64%) class 3 (serrated in 15/25) and 4 (8%) unclassified. aBRAFmt patients were predominantly male, had more rectal primaries, less peritoneal metastases, deficient mismatch repair in one (2%), and better survival after metastasectomy (89% 5-year overall survival [OS]-rate) compared with BRAF-V600Emt. aBRAFmt and BRAF-V600Emt had poorer performance status and received fewer treatment lines than RAS&BRAFwt and RASmt. OS among aBRAFmt (median 14.4 months) was longer than for BRAF-V600Emt (11.2 months), but shorter than for RAS&BRAFwt (30.5 months) and RASmt (23.4 months). Addition of bevacizumab trended for better OS for the aBRAFmt. Nine patients with aBRAFmt received cetuximab/panitumumab without response. aBRAFmt represents a distinct subgroup differing from other RAS/BRAF groups, with serrated adenocarcinoma in only half. OS for patients with aBRAFmt tumours was slightly better than for BRAF-V600Emt, but worse than for RASmt and RAS&BRAFwt. aBRAFmt should not be a contraindication for metastasectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerik Osterlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Ristimäki
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus J Mäkinen
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Soili Kytölä
- Department of Genetics, HUSLAB, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kononen
- Departemnt of Oncology, Central hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Docrates hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per Pfeiffer
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Leena-Maija Soveri
- Home Care, Geriatric Clinic and Palliative Care, Joint Municipal Authority for Health Care and Social Services in Keski-Uusimaa, Hyvinkää, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Keinänen
- Department of Genetics, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Halfdan Sorbye
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Luís Nunes
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tapio Salminen
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lasse Nieminen
- Department of Pathology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Uutela
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Transplant and HPB Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Päivi Halonen
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Ålgars
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Sundström
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Raija Kallio
- Department of Oncology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Ristamäki
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Annamarja Lamminmäki
- Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Stedt
- Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eetu Heervä
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Hospital Nova, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Isoniemi
- Department of Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bengt Glimelius
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pia Osterlund
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Oncology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Transplant and HPB Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology/Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Negri F, Bottarelli L, de’Angelis GL, Gnetti L. KRAS: A Druggable Target in Colon Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084120. [PMID: 35456940 PMCID: PMC9027058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KRAS are among the most frequent aberrations in cancer, including colon cancer. KRAS direct targeting is daunting due to KRAS protein resistance to small molecule inhibition. Moreover, its elevated affinity to cellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) has made the design of specific drugs challenging. Indeed, KRAS was considered ‘undruggable’. KRASG12C is the most commonly mutated variant of KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer. Currently, the achievements obtained with covalent inhibitors of this variant have given the possibility to assess the best therapeutic approach to KRAS-driven tumors. Mutation-related biochemical assets and the tissue of origin are expected to influence responses to treatment. Further attempts to obtain mutant-specific KRAS (KRASG12C) switch-II covalent inhibitors are ongoing and the results are promising. Drugs targeted to block KRAS effector pathways could be combined with direct KRAS inhibitors, immunotherapy or T cell-targeting approaches in KRAS-mutant tumors. The development of valuable combination regimens will be essential against potential mechanisms of resistance that may arise during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Negri
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorena Bottarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Gian Luigi de’Angelis
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Letizia Gnetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
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3
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Choi YJ, Choi JY, Kim JW, Lim AR, Lee Y, Chang WJ, Lee S, Sung JS, Chung HJ, Lee JW, Kang EJ, Kim JS, Lim T, Kim HS, Kim YJ, Ahn MS, Kim YS, Park JH, Lim S, Cho SS, Cho JH, Shin SW, Park KH, Kim YH. Comparison of the Data of a Next-Generation Sequencing Panel from K-MASTER Project with that of Orthogonal Methods for Detecting Targetable Genetic Alterations. Cancer Res Treat 2021; 54:30-39. [PMID: 34015890 PMCID: PMC8756135 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2021.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose K-MASTER project is a Korean national precision medicine platform that screened actionable mutations by analyzing next-generation sequencing (NGS) of solid tumor patients. We compared gene analyses between NGS panel from the K-MASTER project and orthogonal methods. Materials and Methods Colorectal, breast, non–small cell lung, and gastric cancer patients were included. We compared NGS results from K-MASTER projects with those of non-NGS orthogonal methods (KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer [CRC]; epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], anaplastic lymphoma kinase [ALK] fusion, and reactive oxygen species 1 [ROS1] fusion in non–small cell lung cancer [NSCLC], and Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) positivity in breast and gastric cancers). Results In the CRC cohort (n=225), the sensitivity and specificity of NGS were 87.4% and 79.3% (KRAS); 88.9% and 98.9% (NRAS); and 77.8% and 100.0% (BRAF), respectively. In the NSCLC cohort (n=109), the sensitivity and specificity of NGS for EGFR were 86.2% and 97.5%, respectively. The concordance rate for ALK fusion was 100%, but ROS1 fusion was positive in only one of three cases that were positive in orthogonal tests. In the breast cancer cohort (n=260), ERBB2 amplification was detected in 45 by NGS. Compared with orthogonal methods that integrated immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, sensitivity and specificity were 53.7% and 99.4%, respectively. In the gastric cancer cohort (n=64), ERBB2 amplification was detected in six by NGS. Compared with orthogonal methods, sensitivity and specificity were 62.5% and 98.2%, respectively. Conclusion The results of the K-MASTER NGS panel and orthogonal methods showed a different degree of agreement for each genetic alteration, but generally showed a high agreement rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Ji Choi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Choi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Won Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Lim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jin Chang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohyeon Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Sook Sung
- Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Joon Chung
- Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Sun Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Taekyu Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mi Sun Ahn
- Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Saing Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Konkuk Medical Center, University of Konkuk College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungtaek Lim
- Department of Oncology, Wonju Severance Christianity Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sung Shim Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Cho
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sang Won Shin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Precision Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Enterprise, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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4
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Franczak C, Witz A, Geoffroy K, Demange J, Rouyer M, Husson M, Massard V, Gavoille C, Lambert A, Gilson P, Gambier N, Scala-Bertola J, Merlin JL, Harlé A. Evaluation of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations detection in plasma using an automated system for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227294. [PMID: 31940389 PMCID: PMC6961936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-free DNA detection is becoming a surrogate assay for tumor genotyping. Biological fluids often content a very low amount of cell-free tumor DNA and assays able to detect very low allele frequency mutant with a few quantities of DNA are required. We evaluated the ability of the fully-automated molecular diagnostics platform Idylla for the detection of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF hotspot mutations in plasma from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Materials and methods First, we evaluated the limit of detection of the system using two set of laboratory made samples that mimic mCRC patient plasma, then plasma samples from patients with mCRC were assessed using Idylla system and BEAMing digital PCR technology. Results Limits of detection of 0.1%, 0.4% and 0.01% for KRAS, NRAS and BRAF respectively have been reached. With our laboratory made samples, sensitivity up to 0.008% has been reached. Among 15 patients’ samples tested for KRAS mutation, 2 discrepant results were found between Idylla and BEAMing dPCR. A 100% concordance between the two assays has been found for the detection of NRAS and BRAF mutations in plasma samples. Conclusions The Idylla system does not reach as high sensitivity as assays like ddPCR but has an equivalent sensitivity to modified NGS technics with a lower cost and a lower time to results. These data allowed to consider the Idylla system in a routine laboratory workflow for KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations detection in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Franczak
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Andréa Witz
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Karen Geoffroy
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Jessica Demange
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Marie Rouyer
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Marie Husson
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Vincent Massard
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Département d'oncologie médicale, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Céline Gavoille
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Département d'oncologie médicale, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Aurélien Lambert
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Département d'oncologie médicale, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Pauline Gilson
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Gambier
- CHRU Nancy, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Julien Scala-Bertola
- CHRU Nancy, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365 CNRS-UL, IMoPA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Nancy, France
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5
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Gilson P, Franczak C, Dubouis L, Husson M, Rouyer M, Demange J, Perceau M, Leroux A, Merlin JL, Harlé A. Evaluation of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF hotspot mutations detection for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using direct DNA pipetting in a fully-automated platform and Next-Generation Sequencing for laboratory workflow optimisation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219204. [PMID: 31265477 PMCID: PMC6605656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of KRAS, NRAS (RAS) and BRAF mutations is a standard in the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Mutations could be assessed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) or real-time PCR-based assays. Times to results are 1 to 2 weeks for NGS and 1 to 3 days for real-time PCR-based assays. Using NGS can delay first-line treatment commencement and using PCR-based assays is limited by the number of possible analysed targets. The Idylla system is a real-time PCR cartridge-based assay, able to analyse hotspots mutations using one section of FFPE tumour tissue sample. To combine short delays and analysis of a large gene-panel, we propose here a laboratory workflow combining the Idylla system and NGS and compatible with FFPE samples with low tissue quantity. In this study we evaluated and validated the Idylla system for the analysis of RAS and BRAF mutations by pipetting directly DNA in the cartridge instead of FFPE section as recommended by the manufacturer. Materials and methods DNA extracted from 29 FFPE samples from mCRC patients with NGS-characterized RAS and BRAF mutations were tested with the Idylla KRAS and the Idylla NRAS-BRAF mutation tests to assess sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and limit of detection of each test. Results A 100% concordance was found between NGS and Idylla results for the determination of KRAS (12/12), NRAS (12/12) and BRAF (11/11) mutations with a sensitivity and a specificity of 100%. The system showed a good reproducibility with CV inferior to 3%. LOD was reached with 2.5 ng of DNA for KRAS and NRAS mutations and 5 ng of DNA for BRAF mutations. Conclusions The analysis of RAS and BRAF mutations using DNA pipetted directly in the cartridge of the Idylla system showed a good sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and LOD, and can be integrated in a laboratory workflow for samples with few tissue without compromising a further complete tumour characterization using NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Gilson
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Claire Franczak
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Ludovic Dubouis
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie Husson
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie Rouyer
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jessica Demange
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Marie Perceau
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Agnès Leroux
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Louis Merlin
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Harlé
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7039 CRAN, Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de Lorraine, Service de Biopathologie, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- * E-mail:
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