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Li Z, Jin P, Xiang R, Li X, Shen J, He M, Liu X, Zhu H, Wu S, Dong F, Zhao H, Liu H, Jin Z, Li J. A CD8 + T cell related immune score predicts survival and refines the risk assessment in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1408109. [PMID: 39346926 PMCID: PMC11428106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1408109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Although advancements in genomic and epigenetic research have deepened our understanding of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), only one-third of patients can achieve durable remission. Growing evidence suggests that the immune microenvironment in bone marrow influences prognosis and survival in AML. There is a specific association between CD8+ T cells and the prognosis of AML patients. To develop a CD8+ T cell-related immune risk score for AML, we first evaluated the accuracy of CIBERSORTx in predicting the abundance of CD8+ T cells in bulk RNA-seq and found it significantly correlated with observed single-cell RNA sequencing data and the proportions of CD8+ T cells derived from flow cytometry. Next, we constructed the CTCG15, a 15-gene prognostic signature, using univariate and LASSO regression on the differentially expressed genes between CD8+ THigh and CD8+ TLow groups. The CTCG15 was further validated across six datasets in different platforms. The CTCG15 has been shown to be independent of established prognostic markers, and can distill transcriptomic consequences of several genetic abnormalities closely related to prognosis in AML patients. Finally, integrating this model into the 2022 European LeukemiaNet contributed to a higher predictive power for prognosis prediction. Collectively, our study demonstrates that CD8+ T cell-related signature could improve the comprehensive risk stratification and prognosis prediction in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufang Xiang
- Department of General Practice, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengke He
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaxin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shishuang Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyi Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijin Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Torres-Llanos Y, Zabaleta J, Cruz-Rodriguez N, Quijano S, Guzmán PC, de los Reyes I, Poveda-Garavito N, Infante A, Lopez-Kleine L, Combita AL. MIR4435-2HG as a possible novel predictive biomarker of chemotherapy response and death in pediatric B-cell ALL. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1385140. [PMID: 38745909 PMCID: PMC11091394 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1385140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Although B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) survival rates have improved in recent years, Hispanic children continue to have poorer survival rates. There are few tools available to identify at the time of diagnosis whether the patient will respond to induction therapy. Our goal was to identify predictive biomarkers of treatment response, which could also serve as prognostic biomarkers of death, by identifying methylated and differentially expressed genes between patients with positive minimal residual disease (MRD+) and negative minimal residual disease (MRD-). Methods: DNA and RNA were extracted from tumor blasts separated by immunomagnetic columns. Illumina MethlationEPIC and mRNA sequencing assays were performed on 13 bone marrows from Hispanic children with B-cell ALL. Partek Flow was used for transcript mapping and quantification, followed by differential expression analysis using DEseq2. DNA methylation analyses were performed with Partek Genomic Suite and Genome Studio. Gene expression and differential methylation were compared between patients with MRD-/- and MRD+/+ at the end of induction chemotherapy. Overexpressed and hypomethylated genes were selected and validated by RT-qPCR in samples of an independent validation cohort. The predictive ability of the genes was assessed by logistic regression. Survival and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the association of genes with death. Results: DAPK1, BOC, CNKSR3, MIR4435-2HG, CTHRC1, NPDC1, SLC45A3, ITGA6, and ASCL2 were overexpressed and hypomethylated in MRD+/+ patients. Overexpression was also validated by RT-qPCR. DAPK1, BOC, ASCL2, and CNKSR3 can predict refractoriness, but MIR4435-2HG is the best predictor. Additionally, higher expression of MIR4435-2HG increases the probability of non-response, death, and the risk of death. Finally, MIR4435-2HG overexpression, together with MRD+, are associated with poorer survival, and together with overexpression of DAPK1 and ASCL2, it could improve the risk classification of patients with normal karyotype. Conclusion: MIR4435-2HG is a potential predictive biomarker of treatment response and death in children with B-cell ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Sandra Quijano
- Department of Microbiology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Ana Infante
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Alba Lucía Combita
- Cancer Biology Group, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Li F, Miao J, Liu R, Zhang R, He A. Pan-cancer analysis of DDIT4 identifying its prognostic value and function in acute myeloid leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:144. [PMID: 38507057 PMCID: PMC10954950 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy derived from the accumulation of abnormal proliferation of infantile leukocytes in the hematopoietic system. DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) acting as a negative regulator of rapamycin inhibitor is involved in various cellular functions. Many studies have suggested that DDIT4 plays a key role in tumorigenesis. However, the role of DDIT4 in AML has been poorly studied. METHOD In this study, we analyzed the expression of DDIT4 in AML patients using The Cancer Genome Atlas and real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Chi-square test was used to assess the correlation between DDIT4 and clinical characters in AML patients. Loss-of-function experiments were implemented to investigate the role of DDIT4 in AML carcinogenesis. The R package was applied to evaluate the correlation between DDIT4 expression and immune cells. RESULTS Results showed that the expression of DDIT4 was associated with Age, Cytogenetic risk, Cytogenetics and OS event. Moreover, high expression of DDIT4 led to a terrible prognosis. KEGG analysis showed that differently expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the PI3-Akt signaling pathway. GSEA enrichment analysis displayed DEGs were correlated with apoptosis. Functional experiments presented that knocking down DDIT4 suppressed cell cycle transition/proliferation and facilitated apoptosis. In addition, DDIT4 is associated with immune infiltration. CONCLUSION Our research verified that DDIT4 can be used as a prognostic marker and a potential therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.157 Xiwu Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710004, China
| | - Jiyu Miao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.157 Xiwu Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710004, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.157 Xiwu Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710004, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.157 Xiwu Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710004, China
| | - Aili He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.157 Xiwu Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, 710004, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Diseases, Xi'an, China.
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Zhong J, Huang K, Xie S, Tan A, Peng J, Nie D, Ma L, Li Y. PHGDH is Key to a Prognostic Multigene Signature and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Cancer 2024; 15:2538-2548. [PMID: 38577610 PMCID: PMC10988303 DOI: 10.7150/jca.90822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As a rate-limiting enzyme for the serine biosynthesis pathway (SSP) in the initial step, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is overexpressed in many different tumors, and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of PHGDH promotes antitumor effects. In the present research, by analyzing several acute myeloid leukemia (AML) datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we identified prognosis-related genes and constructed a multigene signature by univariate, multivariate Cox regression and LASSO regression. Subsequently, the multigene signature was confirmed through Cox, Kaplan-Meier, and ROC analyses in the validation cohort. Moreover, PHGDH acted as a risk factor and was correlated with inferior overall survival. We further analysed other datasets and found that PHGDH was overexpressed in AML. Importantly, the expression of PHGDH was higher in drug-resistant AML compared to drug-sensitive ones. In vitro experiments showed that inhibition of PHGDH induced apoptosis and reduced proliferation in AML cells, and these antitumor effects could be related to the Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway by the noncanonical or nonmetabolic functions of PHGDH. In summary, we constructed a twenty-gene signature that could predicate prognosis of AML patients and found that PHGDH may be a potential target for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagui Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Kashi Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Kashi 844099, China
| | - Kezhi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Internal Medicine Ward I, JieXi People's Hospital (Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University-JieXi Medical Center), JieYang 515499, China
| | - Shaofan Xie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ailian Tan
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiaqin Peng
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Danian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Wu D, Zhang K, Khan FA, Pandupuspitasari NS, Guan K, Sun F, Huang C. A comprehensive review on signaling attributes of serine and serine metabolism in health and disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129607. [PMID: 38253153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Serine is a metabolite with ever-expanding metabolic and non-metabolic signaling attributes. By providing one‑carbon units for macromolecule biosynthesis and functional modifications, serine and serine metabolism largely impinge on cellular survival and function. Cancer cells frequently have a preference for serine metabolic reprogramming to create a conducive metabolic state for survival and aggressiveness, making intervention of cancer-associated rewiring of serine metabolism a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Beyond providing methyl donors for methylation in modulation of innate immunity, serine metabolism generates formyl donors for mitochondrial tRNA formylation which is required for mitochondrial function. Interestingly, fully developed neurons lack the machinery for serine biosynthesis and rely heavily on astrocytic l-serine for production of d-serine to shape synaptic plasticity. Here, we recapitulate recent discoveries that address the medical significance of serine and serine metabolism in malignancies, mitochondrial-associated disorders, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Metabolic control and epigenetic- and posttranslational regulation of serine metabolism are also discussed. Given the metabolic similarities between cancer cells, neurons and germ cells, we further propose the relevance of serine metabolism in testicular homeostasis. Our work provides valuable hints for future investigations that will lead to a deeper understanding of serine and serine metabolism in cellular physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | | | - Kaifeng Guan
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Chunjie Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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Chai R, Zhao Y, Su Z, Liang W. Integrative analysis reveals a four-gene signature for predicting survival and immunotherapy response in colon cancer patients using bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1277084. [PMID: 38023180 PMCID: PMC10644708 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1277084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer (CC) ranks as one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers precise gene expression data for distinct cell types. This study aimed to utilize scRNA-seq and bulk transcriptome sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) data from CC samples to develop a novel prognostic model. Methods scRNA-seq data was downloaded from the GSE161277 database. R packages including "Seurat", "Harmony", and "singleR" were employed to categorize eight major cell types within normal and tumor tissues. By comparing tumor and normal samples, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across these major cell types were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of DEGs for each cell type were conducted using "Metascape". DEGs-based signature construction involved Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage operator (LASSO) analyses, performed on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) training cohort. Validation occurred in the GSE39582 and GSE33382 datasets. The expression pattern of prognostic genes was verified using spatial transcriptome sequencing (ST-seq) data. Ultimately, an established prognostic nomogram based on the gene signature and age was established and calibrated. Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs was predicted with the "oncoPredict" R package. Results Using scRNA-Seq data, we examined 33,213 cells, categorizing them into eight cell types within normal and tumor samples. GO enrichment analysis revealed various cancer-related pathways across DEGs in these cell types. Among the 55 DEGs identified via univariate Cox regression, four independent prognostic genes emerged: PTPN6, CXCL13, SPINK4, and NPDC1. Expression validation through ST-seq confirmed PTPN6 and CXCL13 predominance in immune cells, while SPINK4 and NPDC1 were relatively epithelial cell-specific. Creating a four-gene prognostic signature, Kaplan-Meier survival analyses emphasized higher risk scores correlating with unfavorable prognoses, confirmed across training and validation cohorts. The risk score emerged as an independent prognostic factor, supported by a reliable nomogram. Intriguingly, drug sensitivity analysis unveiled contrasting anti-cancer drug responses in the two risk groups, suggesting significant clinical implications. Conclusion We developed a novel prognostic four-gene risk model, and these genes may act as potential therapeutic targets for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Chai
- Department of General Practice, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjia Su
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Turkalj S, Jakobsen NA, Groom A, Metzner M, Riva SG, Gür ER, Usukhbayar B, Salazar MA, Hentges LD, Mickute G, Clark K, Sopp P, Davies JOJ, Hughes JR, Vyas P. GTAC enables parallel genotyping of multiple genomic loci with chromatin accessibility profiling in single cells. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:722-740.e11. [PMID: 37146586 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding clonal evolution and cancer development requires experimental approaches for characterizing the consequences of somatic mutations on gene regulation. However, no methods currently exist that efficiently link high-content chromatin accessibility with high-confidence genotyping in single cells. To address this, we developed Genotyping with the Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin (GTAC), enabling accurate mutation detection at multiple amplified loci, coupled with robust chromatin accessibility readout. We applied GTAC to primary acute myeloid leukemia, obtaining high-quality chromatin accessibility profiles and clonal identities for multiple mutations in 88% of cells. We traced chromatin variation throughout clonal evolution, showing the restriction of different clones to distinct differentiation stages. Furthermore, we identified switches in transcription factor motif accessibility associated with a specific combination of driver mutations, which biased transformed progenitors toward a leukemia stem cell-like chromatin state. GTAC is a powerful tool to study clonal heterogeneity across a wide spectrum of pre-malignant and neoplastic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Turkalj
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Niels Asger Jakobsen
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Angus Groom
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Marlen Metzner
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Simone G Riva
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E Ravza Gür
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Batchimeg Usukhbayar
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Mirian Angulo Salazar
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Lance D Hentges
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerda Mickute
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Clark
- Flow Cytometry Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Sopp
- Flow Cytometry Facility, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James O J Davies
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jim R Hughes
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paresh Vyas
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Haematology, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
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Chaudhary S, Ganguly S, Palanichamy JK, Singh A, Pradhan D, Bakhshi R, Chopra A, Bakhshi S. Mitochondrial gene expression signature predicts prognosis of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1109518. [PMID: 36845715 PMCID: PMC9947241 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1109518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gene expression profile of mitochondrial-related genes is not well deciphered in pediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We aimed to identify mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in pediatric AML with their prognostic significance. Methods Children with de novo AML were included prospectively between July 2016-December 2019. Transcriptomic profiling was done for a subset of samples, stratified by mtDNA copy number. Top mitochondria-related DEGs were identified and validated by real-time PCR. A prognostic gene signature risk score was formulated using DEGs independently predictive of overall survival (OS) in multivariable analysis. Predictive ability of the risk score was estimated along with external validation in The Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) AML dataset. Results In 143 children with AML, twenty mitochondria-related DEGs were selected for validation, of which 16 were found to be significantly dysregulated. Upregulation of SDHC (p<0.001), CLIC1 (p=0.013) and downregulation of SLC25A29 (p<0.001) were independently predictive of inferior OS, and included for developing prognostic risk score. The risk score model was independently predictive of survival over and above ELN risk categorization (Harrell's c-index: 0.675). High-risk patients (risk score above median) had significantly inferior OS (p<0.001) and event free survival (p<0.001); they were associated with poor-risk cytogenetics (p=0.021), ELN intermediate/poor risk group (p=0.016), absence of RUNX1-RUNX1T1 (p=0.027), and not attaining remission (p=0.016). On external validation, the risk score also predicted OS (p=0.019) in TCGA dataset. Discussion We identified and validated mitochondria-related DEGs with prognostic impact in pediatric AML and also developed a novel 3-gene based externally validated gene signature predictive of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dibyabhaba Pradhan
- Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Sameer Bakhshi,
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Bollino D, Claiborne JP, Hameed K, Ma X, Tighe KM, Carter-Cooper B, Lapidus RG, Strovel ET, Emadi A. Erwinia asparaginase (crisantaspase) increases plasma levels of serine and glycine. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1035537. [PMID: 36578934 PMCID: PMC9790920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1035537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of asparaginases on plasma asparagine and glutamine is well established. However, the effect of asparaginases, particularly those derived from Erwinia chrysanthemi (also called crisantaspase), on circulating levels of other amino acids is unknown. We examined comprehensive plasma amino acid panel measurements in healthy immunodeficient/immunocompetent mice as well as in preclinical mouse models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using long-acting crisantaspase, and in an AML clinical study (NCT02283190) using short-acting crisantaspase. In addition to the expected decrease of plasma glutamine and asparagine, we observed a significant increase in plasma serine and glycine post-crisantaspase. In PDAC tumors, crisantaspase treatment significantly increased expression of serine biosynthesis enzymes. We then systematically reviewed clinical studies using asparaginase products to determine the extent of plasma amino acid reporting and found that only plasma levels of glutamine/glutamate and asparagine/aspartate were reported, without measuring other amino acid changes post-asparaginase. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report comprehensive plasma amino acid changes in mice and humans treated with asparaginase. As dysregulated serine metabolism has been implicated in tumor development, our findings offer insights into how leukemia/cancer cells may potentially overcome glutamine/asparagine restriction, which can be used to design future synergistic therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bollino
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J. Preston Claiborne
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kanwal Hameed
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xinrong Ma
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kayla M. Tighe
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brandon Carter-Cooper
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rena G. Lapidus
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erin T. Strovel
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Ashkan Emadi,
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10
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Properties of Leukemic Stem Cells in Regulating Drug Resistance in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081841. [PMID: 36009388 PMCID: PMC9405586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoriously known for their capacity to reconstitute hematological malignancies in vivo, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represent key drivers of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse, posing as a major medical dilemma. Despite having low abundance in the bulk leukemic population, LSCs have developed unique molecular dependencies and intricate signaling networks to enable self-renewal, quiescence, and drug resistance. To illustrate the multi-dimensional landscape of LSC-mediated leukemogenesis, in this review, we present phenotypical characteristics of LSCs, address the LSC-associated leukemic stromal microenvironment, highlight molecular aberrations that occur in the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome of LSCs, and showcase promising novel therapeutic strategies that potentially target the molecular vulnerabilities of LSCs.
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11
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Xiong H, Zhang HT, Xiao HW, Huang CL, Huang MZ. Serum Metabolomics Coupling With Clinical Laboratory Indicators Reveal Taxonomic Features of Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:794042. [PMID: 35721208 PMCID: PMC9204281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.794042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormality has been considered to be the seventh characteristic in cancer cells. The potential prospect of using serum biomarkers metabolites to differentiate ALL from AML remains unclear. The purpose of our study is to probe whether the differences in metabolomics are related to clinical laboratory-related indicators. We used LC-MS-based metabolomics analysis to study 50 peripheral blood samples of leukemia patients from a single center. Then Chi-square test and T test were used to analyze the clinical characteristics, laboratory indicators and cytokines of 50 patients with leukemia. Correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between them and the differential metabolites of different types of leukemia. Our study shows that it is feasible to better identify serum metabolic differences in different types and states of leukemia by metabolomic analysis on existing clinical diagnostic techniques. The metabolism of choline and betaine may also be significantly related to the patient’s blood lipid profile. The main enrichment pathways for distinguishing differential metabolites in different types of leukemia are amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. All these findings suggested that differential metabolites and lipid profiles might identify different types of leukemia based on existing clinical diagnostic techniques, and their rich metabolic pathways help us to better understand the physiological characteristics of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao- Xiong
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hui-Tao Zhang
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of General Practice, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wen Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lan Huang
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mei-Zhou Huang
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Mei-Zhou Huang,
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12
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Jin X, Ng V, Zhao M, Liu L, Higashimoto T, Lee ZH, Chung J, Chen V, Ney G, Kandarpa M, Talpaz M, Li Q. Epigenetic downregulation of Socs2 contributes to mutant N-Ras-mediated hematopoietic dysregulation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274899. [PMID: 35352806 PMCID: PMC9092650 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS mutations occur in a broad spectrum of human hematopoietic malignancies. Activating Ras mutations in blood cells leads to hematopoietic malignancies in mice. In murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mutant N-RasG12D activates Stat5 to dysregulate stem cell function. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that Stat5 activation induced by a hyperactive Nras mutant, G12D, is dependent on Jak2 activity. Jak2 is activated in Nras mutant HSCs and progenitors (HSPCs), and inhibiting Jak2 with ruxolitinib significantly decreases Stat5 activation and HSPC hyper-proliferation in vivo in NrasG12D mice. Activation of Jak2-Stat5 is associated with downregulation of Socs2, an inhibitory effector of Jak2/Stat5. Restoration of Socs2 blocks NrasG12D HSC reconstitution in bone marrow transplant recipients. SOCS2 downregulation is also observed in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that carry RAS mutations. RAS mutant AML cells exhibited suppression of the enhancer active marker H3K27ac at the SOCS2 locus. Finally, restoration of SOCS2 in RAS mutant AML cells mitigated leukemic growth. Thus, we discovered a novel signaling feedback loop whereby hyperactive Ras signaling activates Jak2/Stat5 via suppression of Socs2. Summary: Jak2/Stat5 is often considered to be parallel to or upstream of Ras signaling. We have discovered a novel signaling feedback loop whereby hyperactive Ras signaling activates Jak2/Stat5 via suppression of Socs2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Victor Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meiling Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tomoyasu Higashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zheng Hong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jooho Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Victor Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gina Ney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Malathi Kandarpa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Moshe Talpaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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13
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Thakral D, Gupta R, Khan A. Leukemic stem cell signatures in Acute myeloid leukemia- targeting the Guardians with novel approaches. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1756-1773. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Zheng B, Xie F, Cheng F, Wang J, Yao Z, He W, Niu Z. Integrative Analysis of Immune-Related Genes in the Tumor Microenvironment of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma and Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:760031. [PMID: 34888353 PMCID: PMC8650138 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.760031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer encompasses a range of primary cancers, such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). Our knowledge about the tumor microenvironment (TME) of kidney cancer is still limited. Therefore, we comprehensively assessed the TME of kidney cancers (including ccRCC and pRCC) using the ESTIAMTE, and CIBERSORT algorithms, and conducted distinct functional and correlation analyses with data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Connectivity map and CellMiner database. Next, we identified two immune-related hub genes, IGLL5 and IL2RA, which play essential roles in the TME as well as on survival in ccRCC and pRCC. Furthermore, ccRCC and pRCC samples from our medical center were collected to verify the clinical application value of these two immune-related genes. A specific enrichment analysis of immune cells related to IGLL5 and IL2RA was also conducted in two types of renal cell cancer. Based on selected genes, we predicted the drug response and uncovered novel drug candidate for RCC treatment. Considering the unfavorable outcomes of kidney cancer and emerging interest in TME-targeted treatments, our results may offer insights into immune-related molecular mechanisms and possible targets to control the kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zheng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Fajuan Cheng
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongshun Yao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei He
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihong Niu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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15
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Goel H, Rahul E, Gupta I, Chopra A, Ranjan A, Gupta AK, Meena JP, Viswanathan GK, Bakhshi S, Misra A, Hussain S, Kumar R, Singh A, Rath GK, Sharma A, Mittan S, Tanwar P. Molecular and genomic landscapes in secondary & therapy related acute myeloid leukemia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BLOOD RESEARCH 2021; 11:472-497. [PMID: 34824881 PMCID: PMC8610791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex, aggressive myeloid neoplasm characterized by frequent somatic mutations that influence different functional categories' genes, resulting in maturational arrest and clonal expansion. AML can arise de novo (dn-AML) or can be secondary AML (s-AML) refers to a leukemic process which may arise from an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD-AML), mostly from a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) or can be the result of an antecedent cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation therapy (therapy-related AML, t-AML). Clinical and biological features in secondary and therapy-related AML are distinct from de novo AML. Secondary and therapy-related AML occurs mainly in the elderly population and responds worse to therapy with higher relapse rates due to resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Over the last decade, advances in molecular genetics have disclosed the sub-clonal architecture of secondary and therapy-related AML. Recent investigations have revealed that cytogenetic abnormalities and underlying genetic aberrations (mutations) are likely to be significant factors dictating prognosis and critical impacts on treatment outcome. Secondary and therapy-related AML have a poorer outcome with adverse cytogenetic abnormalities and higher recurrences of unfavorable mutations compared to de novo AML. In this review, we present an overview of the clinical features of secondary and therapy-related AML and address the function of genetic mutations implicated in the pathogenesis of secondary leukemia. Detailed knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms gives an overview of new prognostic markers, including targetable mutations that will presumably lead to the designing and developing novel molecular targeted therapies for secondary and therapy-related AML. Despite significant advances in knowing the genetic aspect of secondary and therapy-related AML, its influence on the disease's pathophysiology, standard treatment prospects have not significantly evolved during the past three decades. Thus, we conclude this review by summarizing the modern and developing treatment strategies in secondary and therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ekta Rahul
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ishan Gupta
- All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Amar Ranjan
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Aditya Kumar Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jagdish Prasad Meena
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Viswanathan
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Aroonima Misra
- National Institute of Pathology, ICMRNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division Of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research I-7, Sector-39Noida 201301, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rudgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyNJ 07103, United States
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medical Sciences, Rajasthan University of Health SciencesJaipur 302033, India
| | - GK Rath
- Department of Radiotherapy, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences New DelhiNew Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Mittan
- Department of Cardiology, Ichan School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital1468 Madison Avenue, New York 10028, United States
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Laboratory Oncology Unit, Dr.B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029, India
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16
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Sobah ML, Liongue C, Ward AC. SOCS Proteins in Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, and Immune-Related Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:727987. [PMID: 34604264 PMCID: PMC8481645 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.727987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokine signaling represents one of the cornerstones of the immune system, mediating the complex responses required to facilitate appropriate immune cell development and function that supports robust immunity. It is crucial that these signals be tightly regulated, with dysregulation underpinning immune defects, including excessive inflammation, as well as contributing to various immune-related malignancies. A specialized family of proteins called suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) participate in negative feedback regulation of cytokine signaling, ensuring it is appropriately restrained. The eight SOCS proteins identified regulate cytokine and other signaling pathways in unique ways. SOCS1–3 and CISH are most closely involved in the regulation of immune-related signaling, influencing processes such polarization of lymphocytes and the activation of myeloid cells by controlling signaling downstream of essential cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ. SOCS protein perturbation disrupts these processes resulting in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions as well as malignancies. As a consequence, SOCS proteins are garnering increased interest as a unique avenue to treat these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Institue of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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17
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Grandits AM, Nguyen CH, Schlerka A, Hackl H, Sill H, Etzler J, Heyes E, Stoiber D, Grebien F, Heller G, Wieser R. Downregulation of MTSS1 in acute myeloid leukemia is associated with a poor prognosis, chemotherapy resistance, and disease aggressiveness. Leukemia 2021; 35:2827-2839. [PMID: 33782537 PMCID: PMC8478650 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01224-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent approval of targeted drugs for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy, chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines remains an important pillar of treatment. Both primary and secondary resistance are frequent and associated with poor survival, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. In previous work, we identified genes deregulated between diagnosis and relapse of AML, corresponding to therapy naïve and resistant states, respectively. Among them was MTSS1, whose downregulation is known to enhance aggressiveness of solid tumors. Here we show that low MTSS1 expression at diagnosis was associated with a poor prognosis in AML. MTSS1 expression was regulated by promoter methylation, and reduced by cytosine arabinoside and the anthracycline daunorubicin. Experimental downregulation of MTSS1 affected the expression of numerous genes. It induced the DNA damage response kinase WEE1, and rendered human AML cell lines more resistant to cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin, and other anti-cancer drugs. Mtss1 knockdown in murine MLL-AF9-driven AML substantially decreased disease latency, and increased leukemic burden and ex vivo chemotherapy resistance. In summary, low MTSS1 expression represents a novel factor contributing to disease aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor outcome in AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anthracyclines/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Daunorubicin/administration & dosage
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Michael Grandits
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chi Huu Nguyen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Schlerka
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heinz Sill
- Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Etzler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Heyes
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Qiu Q, Zhang P, Zhang N, Shen Y, Lou S, Deng J. Development of a Prognostic Nomogram for Acute Myeloid Leukemia on IGHD Gene Family. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:4303-4316. [PMID: 34408473 PMCID: PMC8364394 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s317528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a common haematological disease in adults. The overall survival (OS) remains unsatisfactory. It is critical to identify potential prognostic biomarkers and develop a nomogram that predicts overall survival in patients with AML. Patients and Methods We used gene expression dataset and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) to identify differential expression analysis, survival analysis, and prognostic value of IGHD gene family (IGHDs) in AML patients. A risk score model was built through Lasso analysis and multivariate Cox regression. We also developed a nomogram and evaluated its accuracy with Harrell’s Harmony Index (C-index) and calibration curve. Last, the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) database was used for external validation. Results IGHD1-20 mRNA expression level was an independent prognostic factor for patients with AML by multivariate analysis. After Lasso analysis and multivariate Cox regression, we constructed a 3-gene model (IGHD1-1, IGHD1-20, IGHD3-16) associated with OS in AML. Risk score and age were validated as independent risk factors for prognosis and were used to build a nomogram. The C index and calibration curve results show that its ability to predict 1-year, 3-year and 5-year overall survival is accurate. Conclusion The mRNA level of IGHDs was increased in AML patients. IGHD1-20 was an independent risk factor for OS in AML patients. The IGHDs risk model (IGHD1-1, IGHD1-20, IGHD3-16) relates to the OS of AML patients. The nomogram, including risk score and age, can conveniently and effectively predict the overall survival rate of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunxiang Qiu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Hematology Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Lou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchuan Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
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19
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Keewan E, Matlawska-Wasowska K. The Emerging Role of Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) in the Development and Progression of Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4000. [PMID: 34439155 PMCID: PMC8393695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules that execute an essential role in cell-to-cell communication through binding to cell surface receptors. Receptor binding activates intracellular signaling cascades in the target cell that bring about a wide range of cellular responses, including induction of cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. The Janus kinase and transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways are activated upon cytokines and growth factors binding with their corresponding receptors. The SOCS family of proteins has emerged as a key regulator of cytokine signaling, and SOCS insufficiency leads to constitutive activation of JAK/STAT signaling and oncogenic transformation. Dysregulation of SOCS expression is linked to various solid tumors with invasive properties. However, the roles of SOCS in hematological malignancies, such as leukemia, are less clear. In this review, we discuss the recent advances pertaining to SOCS dysregulation in leukemia development and progression. We also highlight the roles of specific SOCS in immune cells within the tumor microenvironment and their possible involvement in anti-tumor immunity. Finally, we discuss the epigenetic, genetic, and post-transcriptional modifications of SOCS genes during tumorigenesis, with an emphasis on leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra’a Keewan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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20
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A STAT5B-CD9 axis determines self-renewal in hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells. Blood 2021; 138:2347-2359. [PMID: 34320169 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors STAT5A and STAT5B are critical in hematopoiesis and leukemia. They are widely believed to have redundant functions but we describe a unique role for STAT5B in driving the self-renewal of hematopoietic and leukemic stem cells (HSCs/LSCs). We find STAT5B to be specifically activated in HSCs and LSCs, where it induces many genes associated with quiescence and self-renewal, including the surface marker CD9. Levels of CD9 represent a prognostic marker for patients with STAT5-driven leukemia and our findings suggest that anti-CD9 antibodies may be useful in their treatment to target and eliminate LSCs. We show that it is vital to consider STAT5A and STAT5B as distinct entities in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
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21
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Bhingarkar A, Vangapandu HV, Rathod S, Hoshitsuki K, Fernandez CA. Amino Acid Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Front Oncol 2021; 11:694526. [PMID: 34277440 PMCID: PMC8281237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.694526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) metabolism plays an important role in many cellular processes including energy production, immune function, and purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Cancer cells therefore require increased AA uptake and undergo metabolic reprogramming to satisfy the energy demand associated with their rapid proliferation. Like many other cancers, myeloid leukemias are vulnerable to specific therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic dependencies. Herein, our review provides a comprehensive overview and TCGA data analysis of biosynthetic enzymes required for non-essential AA synthesis and their dysregulation in myeloid leukemias. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways of AA sensing on metabolic vulnerability and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboli Bhingarkar
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hima V. Vangapandu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Keito Hoshitsuki
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christian A. Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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22
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Grandits AM, Wieser R. Gene expression changes contribute to stemness and therapy resistance of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: roles of SOCS2, CALCRL, MTSS1, and KDM6A. Exp Hematol 2021; 99:1-11. [PMID: 34029637 PMCID: PMC7612147 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Relapse is associated with therapy resistance and is a major cause of death in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It is thought to result from the accretion of therapy-refractory leukemic stem cells. Genetic and transcriptional changes that are recurrently gained at relapse are likely to contribute to the increased stemness and decreased therapy responsiveness at this disease stage. Despite the recent approval of several targeted drugs, chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and anthracyclines is still the mainstay of AML therapy. Accordingly, a number of studies have investigated genetic and gene expression changes between diagnosis and relapse of patients subjected to such treatment. Genetic alterations recurrently acquired at relapse were identified, but were restricted to small proportions of patients, and their functional characterization is still largely pending. In contrast, the expression of a substantial number of genes was altered consistently between diagnosis and recurrence of AML. Recent studies corroborated the roles of the upregulation of SOCS2 and CALCRL and of the downregulation of MTSS1 and KDM6A in therapy resistance and/or stemness of AML. These findings spur the assumption that functional investigations of genes consistently altered at recurrence of AML have the potential to promote the development of novel targeted drugs that may help to improve the outcome of this currently often fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Grandits
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Huang Q, Zhong J, Gao H, Li K, Liang H. Subgrouping by gene expression profiles to improve relapse risk prediction in paediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cancer Med 2021; 10:3782-3793. [PMID: 33987975 PMCID: PMC8178509 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) remains a prevalent paediatric cancer and one of the most common causes of mortality from malignancy in children. Tailoring the intensity of therapy according to early stratification is a promising strategy but remains a major challenge due to heterogeneity and subtyping difficulty. In this study, we subgroup B-precursor ALL patients by gene expression profiles, using non-negative matrix factorization and minimum description length which unsupervisedly determines the number of subgroups. Within each of the four subgroups, logistic and Cox regression with elastic net regularization are used to build models predicting minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapse-free survival (RFS) respectively. Measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), subgrouping improves prediction of MRD in one subgroup which mostly overlaps with subtype TCF3-PBX1 (AUC = 0·986 in the training set and 1·0 in the test set), compared to a global model published previously. The models predicting RFS displayed acceptable concordance in training set and discriminate high-relapse-risk patients in three subgroups of the test set (Wilcoxon test p = 0·048, 0·036, and 0·016). Genes playing roles in the models are specific to different subgroups. The improvement of subgrouped MRD prediction and the differences of genes in prediction models of subgroups suggest that the heterogeneity of B-precursor ALL can be handled by subgrouping according to gene expression profiles to improve the prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Huang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, China.,Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayong Zhong
- Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuanrong Li
- Institute of Paediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Liang
- Clinical Data Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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24
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A retrospective overview of PHGDH and its inhibitors for regulating cancer metabolism. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113379. [PMID: 33756126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cancer metabolism is closely associated to the serine biosynthesis pathway (SSP), in which glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted to serine through a three-step enzymatic transformation. As the rate-limiting enzyme in the first step of SSP, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is overexpressed in various diseases, especially in cancer. Genetic knockdown or silencing of PHGDH exhibits obvious anti-tumor response both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that PHGDH is a promising drug target for cancer therapy. So far, several types of PHGDH inhibitors have been identified as a significant and newly emerging option for anticancer treatment. Herein, this comprehensive review summarizes the recent achievements of PHGDH, especially its critical role in cancer and the development of PHGDH inhibitors in drug discovery.
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25
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Mahmood K, Emadi A. 1-C Metabolism-Serine, Glycine, Folates-In Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030190. [PMID: 33652666 PMCID: PMC7996867 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor development and introduces metabolic liabilities that can be exploited to treat cancer. Studies in hematological malignancies have shown alterations in fatty acid, folate, and amino acid metabolism pathways in cancer cells. One-carbon (1-C) metabolism is essential for numerous cancer cell functions, including protein and nucleic acid synthesis and maintaining cellular redox balance, and inhibition of the 1-C pathway has yielded several highly active drugs, such as methotrexate and 5-FU. Glutamine depletion has also emerged as a therapeutic approach for cancers that have demonstrated dependence on glutamine for survival. Recent studies have shown that in response to glutamine deprivation leukemia cells upregulate key enzymes in the serine biosynthesis pathway, suggesting that serine upregulation may be a targetable compensatory mechanism. These new findings may provide opportunities for novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Mahmood
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-328-6841; Fax: +1-410-328-6896
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26
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Jeong S, Savino AM, Chirayil R, Barin E, Cheng Y, Park SM, Schurer A, Mullarky E, Cantley LC, Kharas MG, Keshari KR. High Fructose Drives the Serine Synthesis Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemic Cells. Cell Metab 2021; 33:145-159.e6. [PMID: 33357456 PMCID: PMC8168776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A significant increase in dietary fructose consumption has been implicated as a potential driver of cancer. Metabolic adaptation of cancer cells to utilize fructose confers advantages for their malignant growth, but compelling therapeutic targets have not been identified. Here, we show that fructose metabolism of leukemic cells can be inhibited by targeting the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP). Leukemic cells, unlike their normal counterparts, become significantly dependent on the SSP in fructose-rich conditions as compared to glucose-rich conditions. This metabolic program is mediated by the ratio of redox cofactors, NAD+/NADH, and the increased SSP flux is beneficial for generating alpha-ketoglutarate from glutamine, which allows leukemic cells to proliferate even in the absence of glucose. Inhibition of PHGDH, a rate-limiting enzyme in the SSP, dramatically reduces leukemia engraftment in mice in the presence of high fructose, confirming the essential role of the SSP in the metabolic plasticity of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmoo Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Angela Maria Savino
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rachel Chirayil
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ersilia Barin
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuanming Cheng
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sun-Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexandra Schurer
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edouard Mullarky
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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27
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Wang F, Wang X, Li J, Lv P, Han M, Li L, Chen Z, Dong L, Wang N, Gu Y. CircNOL10 suppresses breast cancer progression by sponging miR-767-5p to regulate SOCS2/JAK/STAT signaling. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:4. [PMID: 33397365 PMCID: PMC7780627 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00697-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have caught increasing attentions and interests for their important involvement in cancer initiation and progression. This study aims to investigate the biological functions of circNOL10 and its potential molecular mechanisms in breast cancer (BC). Materials and methods qRT-PCR and western blot assays were performed to measure the expression of related genes. CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytomerty and transwell assays were used to assess cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and invasion. RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter and RIP assays were applied to address the potential regulatory mechanism of circNOL10. Results CircNOL10 was down-regulated in BC tissues and cells. Low expression of circNOL10 was associated with larger tumor size, advanced TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and unfavorable prognosis. Overexpression of circNOL10 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in vitro and slowed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circNOL10 could act as a molecular sponge for miR-767-5p, leading to the up-regulation of suppressors of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) and inactivation of JAK2/STAT5 pathway. Moreover, circNOL10-mediated suppression of malignant phenotypes was attenuated by miR-767-5p. Similar to circNOL10, enforced expression of SOCS2 also resulted in the suppression of cell proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore, knockdown of SOCS2 reversed the tumor-suppressive effect induced by circNOL10. Conclusions CircNOL10 repressed BC development via inactivation of JAK2/STAT5 signaling by regulating miR-767-5p/SOCS2 axis. Our findings offer the possibility of exploiting circNOL10 as a therapeutic and prognostic target for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jingruo Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Pengwei Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Mingli Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yuanting Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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28
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Nguyen CH, Schlerka A, Grandits AM, Koller E, van der Kouwe E, Vassiliou GS, Staber PB, Heller G, Wieser R. IL2RA Promotes Aggressiveness and Stem Cell-Related Properties of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4527-4539. [PMID: 32873636 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of IL2RA, which encodes the alpha chain of the IL2 receptor, is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical potential of anti-IL2RA therapy is, therefore, being explored in early-stage clinical trials. Notwithstanding, only very limited information regarding the biological function of IL2RA in AML is available. Using genetic manipulation of IL2RA expression as well as antibody-mediated inhibition of IL2RA in human cell lines, mouse models, and primary patient samples, we investigated the effects of IL2RA on AML cell proliferation and apoptosis, and on pertinent signaling pathways. The impact of IL2RA on the properties of leukemic stem cells (LSC) and on leukemogenesis were queried. IL2RA promoted proliferation and cell-cycle activity and inhibited apoptosis in human AML cell lines and primary cells. These phenotypes were accompanied by corresponding alterations in cell-cycle machinery and in pathways associated with cell survival and apoptosis. The biological roles of IL2RA were confirmed in two genetically distinct AML mouse models, revealing that IL2RA inhibits differentiation, promotes stem cell-related properties, and is required for leukemogenesis. IL2RA antibodies inhibited leukemic, but not normal, hematopoietic cells and synergized with other antileukemic agents in this regard. Collectively, these data show for the first time that IL2RA plays key biological roles in AML and underscore its value as a potential therapeutic target in this disease. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies IL2RA as a potential therapeutic target in AML, where it is shown to regulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, stem cell-related properties, and leukemogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/genetics
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Prognosis
- Stem Cells/pathology
- fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Huu Nguyen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Schlerka
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander M Grandits
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Emiel van der Kouwe
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
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29
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Zhuang H, Chen Y, Sheng X, Hong L, Gao R, Zhuang X. Searching for a signature involving 10 genes to predict the survival of patients with acute myelocytic leukemia through a combined multi-omics analysis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9437. [PMID: 32617195 PMCID: PMC7321666 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) still has a poor prognosis. As a result, gene markers for predicting AML prognosis must be identified through systemic analysis of multi-omics data. METHODS First of all, the copy number variation (CNV), mutation, RNA-Seq, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, as well as those clinical follow-up data, were obtained based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Thereafter, all samples (n = 229) were randomized as test set and training set, respectively. Of them, the training set was used to screen for genes related to prognosis, and genes with mutation, SNP or CNV. Then, shrinkage estimate was used for feature selection of all the as-screened genes, to select those stable biomarkers. Eventually, a prognosis model related to those genes was established, and validated within the GEO verification (n = 124 and 72) and test set (n = 127). Moreover, it was compared with the AML prognosis prediction model reported in literature. RESULTS Altogether 832 genes related to prognosis, 23 related to copy amplification, 774 associated with copy deletion, and 189 with significant genomic variations were acquired in this study. Later, genes with genomic variations and those related to prognosis were integrated to obtain 38 candidate genes; eventually, a shrinkage estimate was adopted to obtain 10 feature genes (including FAT2, CAMK2A, TCERG1, GDF9, PTGIS, DOC2B, DNTTIP1, PREX1, CRISPLD1 and C22orf42). Further, a signature was established using these 10 genes based on Cox regression analysis, and it served as an independent factor to predict AML prognosis. More importantly, it was able to stratify those external verification, test and training set samples with regard to the risk (P < 0.01). Compared with the prognosis prediction model reported in literature, the model established in this study was advantageous in terms of the prediction performance. CONCLUSION The signature based on 10 genes had been established in this study, which is promising to be used to be a new marker for predicting AML prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zhuang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Xianfu Sheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Lili Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhuang
- Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
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30
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Sha C, Jia G, Jingjing Z, Yapeng H, Zhi L, Guanghui X. miR-486 is involved in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia by regulating JAK-STAT signaling. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:177-187. [PMID: 32472154 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a widely prevalent disease worldwide and poses a large threat to public health. Previous studies have shown that AML is associated with cytogenetic heterogeneity, complex subtypes, and different therapeutic approaches. In this study, we found that miR-486 was upregulated in AML using both The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and patient tissues. After knockdown of miR-486 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA), we discovered that miR-486 was required for cell proliferation. Through miRNA profile analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) was identified as a direct target of miR-486. Therefore, by silencing SOCS2, a negative regulator of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, miR-486 enhanced JAK-STAT3 activity and promoted cell proliferation. The miR-486-SOCS2-STAT3 proliferation axis is therefore involved in the pathogenesis of AML, providing a novel molecular mechanism and diagnostic and therapeutic clues for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Sha
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 6 Zhenhua Earth Road, Lianyungang City, 222061, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 6 Zhenhua Earth Road, Lianyungang City, 222061, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Jingjing
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 6 Zhenhua Earth Road, Lianyungang City, 222061, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Yapeng
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 6 Zhenhua Earth Road, Lianyungang City, 222061, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lou Zhi
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 6 Zhenhua Earth Road, Lianyungang City, 222061, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Guanghui
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, No. 6 Zhenhua Earth Road, Lianyungang City, 222061, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang R, Huo CH. Long Noncoding RNA SOCS2-AS Promotes Leukemogenesis in FLT3-ITD+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia Through miRNA-221. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2925-2934. [PMID: 32308425 PMCID: PMC7148164 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s222734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LncRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis and development in tumors, but the function of lncRNA SOCS2-AS in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unknown. Materials and Methods In the present study, we used RT-PCR to detect the expression of SOCS2-AS in FLT3-ITD+, FLT3-ITD- AML patients and different AML cell lines. The colony formation and CCK-8 assay were performed to analyze the proliferation ability, and the flow cytometry was performed to analyze the capacity of apoptosis in Molm-13 and MV4-11 cells. The Western blot was applied to detect the expression of STAT5 and p-STAT5. The RNA pull-down and luciferase activity were used to investigate the interaction between SOCS2-AS and miR-221. Results The results indicate that SOCS2-AS shows overexpression in FLT3-ITD+ AML patients compared to FLT3-ITD- AML patients. Si-SOCS2-AS can inhibit the proliferation, boost the apoptosis and induce the cycle arrest in Molm-13 cells, and SOCS2-AS overexpression promotes proliferation and colony formation in MV4-11 cells. The miR-221 shows overexpression in FLT3-ITD+ AML patients compared to FLT3-ITD- AML patients. And the expression level of miR-221 and SOCS2-AS shows negative correlation in FLT3-ITD+ AML patients. Functionally, SOCS2-AS could be interacted with miR-221 in AML cells. After SOCS2-AS knockdown, the phosphorylation level of STAT5 was significantly decreased. Moreover, miR-221 inhibitor can rescue the viability in cells after si-SOCS2-AS transfection. And it is stated that SOCS2-AS regulates the STAT5 signal transduction pathway with sponging miR-221. Conclusion In conclusion, this study confirms the molecular mechanism of SOCS2-AS in AML by targeting the miR-221/STAT5 signaling pathway. This indicates SOCS2-AS may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital, Xi'an 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Hong Huo
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Yulin No.2 Hospital, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
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Nguyen CH, Bauer K, Hackl H, Schlerka A, Koller E, Hladik A, Stoiber D, Zuber J, Staber PB, Hoelbl-Kovacic A, Purton LE, Grebien F, Wieser R. All-trans retinoic acid enhances, and a pan-RAR antagonist counteracts, the stem cell promoting activity of EVI1 in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:944. [PMID: 31822659 PMCID: PMC6904467 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecotropic virus integration site 1 (EVI1), whose overexpression characterizes a particularly aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), enhanced anti-leukemic activities of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) in cell lines and patient samples. However, the drivers of leukemia formation, therapy resistance, and relapse are leukemic stem cells (LSCs), whose properties were hardly reflected in these experimental setups. The present study was designed to address the effects of, and interactions between, EVI1 and retinoids in AML LSCs. We report that Evi1 reduced the maturation of leukemic cells and promoted the abundance, quiescence, and activity of LSCs in an MLL-AF9-driven mouse model of AML. atRA further augmented these effects in an Evi1 dependent manner. EVI1 also strongly enhanced atRA regulated gene transcription in LSC enriched cells. One of their jointly regulated targets, Notch4, was an important mediator of their effects on leukemic stemness. In vitro exposure of leukemic cells to a pan-RAR antagonist caused effects opposite to those of atRA. In vivo antagonist treatment delayed leukemogenesis and reduced LSC abundance, quiescence, and activity in Evi1high AML. Key results were confirmed in human myeloid cell lines retaining some stem cell characteristics as well as in primary human AML samples. In summary, our study is the first to report the importance of EVI1 for key properties of AML LSCs. Furthermore, it shows that atRA enhances, and a pan-RAR antagonist counteracts, the effects of EVI1 on AML stemness, thus raising the possibility of using RAR antagonists in the therapy of EVI1high AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Huu Nguyen
- Division of Oncology, Clinic of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Bauer
- Division of Oncology, Clinic of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Angela Schlerka
- Division of Oncology, Clinic of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Koller
- Medical Department for Leukemia Research and Hematology, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Clinic of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Philipp B Staber
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Clinic of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hoelbl-Kovacic
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Louise E Purton
- Stem Cell Regulation Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research and Department of Medicine at St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rotraud Wieser
- Division of Oncology, Clinic of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.
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Sarajlic M, Neuper T, Föhrenbach Quiroz KT, Michelini S, Vetter J, Schaller S, Horejs-Hoeck J. IL-1β Induces SOCS2 Expression in Human Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5931. [PMID: 31775389 PMCID: PMC6928683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) regulate immunity and inflammation and respond to various stimuli, including cytokines. IL-1β is a key cytokine in the course of both acute and chronic inflammatory responses, making it indispensable for protection of the host, but also linking it to several diseases. Thus, IL-1β signaling must be tightly regulated. As suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins effectively control immune responses, we investigated the role of SOCS2 in IL-1β-induced DC activation. Human monocyte-derived DCs were stimulated with IL-1β, and SOCS2 mRNA and protein levels were measured. DC activation was assessed by cytokine secretion and surface marker expression. For functional analysis, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based SOCS2 silencing was performed. SOCS2 expression was also analyzed in a curated NCBI GEO dataset of myeloid leukemia patients. We found IL-1β to be a potent inducer of SOCS2 expression. By silencing SOCS2, we showed that SOCS2 specifically limits IL-1β-induced IL-8 secretion. Moreover, our analysis revealed that SOCS2 levels are significantly increased in patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, two hematological malignancies where disease progression is closely linked to IL-1β. This study identifies SOCS2 as a novel IL-1β-inducible target gene and points toward a potential role of SOCS2 in IL-1β-mediated DC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muamera Sarajlic
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (T.N.); (K.T.F.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Theresa Neuper
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (T.N.); (K.T.F.Q.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Sara Michelini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (T.N.); (K.T.F.Q.); (S.M.)
| | - Julia Vetter
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria; (J.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Susanne Schaller
- Bioinformatics Research Group, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4232 Hagenberg im Muehlkreis, Austria; (J.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (M.S.); (T.N.); (K.T.F.Q.); (S.M.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg (CCS), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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CGRP Signaling via CALCRL Increases Chemotherapy Resistance and Stem Cell Properties in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235826. [PMID: 31756985 PMCID: PMC6928760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide CGRP, acting through the G-protein coupled receptor CALCRL and its coreceptor RAMP1, plays a key role in migraines, which has led to the clinical development of several inhibitory compounds. Recently, high CALCRL expression has been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We investigate, therefore, the functional role of the CGRP-CALCRL axis in AML. To this end, in silico analyses, human AML cell lines, primary patient samples, and a C57BL/6-based mouse model of AML are used. We find that CALCRL is up-regulated at relapse of AML, in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) versus bulk leukemic cells, and in LSCs versus normal hematopoietic stem cells. CGRP protects receptor-positive AML cell lines and primary AML samples from apoptosis induced by cytostatic drugs used in AML therapy, and this effect is inhibited by specific antagonists. Furthermore, the CGRP antagonist olcegepant increases differentiation and reduces the leukemic burden as well as key stem cell properties in a mouse model of AML. These data provide a basis for further investigations into a possible role of CGRP-CALCRL inhibition in the therapy of AML.
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