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Arya V, Narayana S, Sinha T, Kandan A, Satyanarayana Raju SV. A simple PCR-based quick detection of the economically important oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) from India. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1399718. [PMID: 39045589 PMCID: PMC11263087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1399718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a significant economic and quarantine pest due to its polyphagous nature. The accurate identification of B. dorsalis is challenging at the egg, maggot, and pupal stages, due to lack of distinct morphological characters and its similarity to other fruit flies. Adult identification requires specialized taxonomist. Existing identification methods are laborious, time consuming, and expensive. Rapid and precise identification is crucial for timely management. By analyzing the variations in the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-1 gene sequence (Insect barcoding gene), we developed a species-specific primer (SSP), DorFP1/DorRP1, for accurate identification of B. dorsalis. The optimal annealing temperature for the SSP was determined to be 66°C, with no cross-amplification or primer-dimer formation observed. The SSP was validated with B. dorsalis specimens from various locations in northern and eastern India and tested for cross-specificity with six other economically significant fruit fly species in India. The primer specificity was further confirmed by the analysis of critical threshold (Ct) value from a qPCR assay. Sensitivity analysis showed the primer could detect template DNA concentrations as low as 1 pg/µl, though sensitivity decreased at lower concentrations. Sequencing of the SSP-amplified product revealed over >99% similarity with existing B. dorsalis sequences in the NCBI GenBank. The developed SSP reliably identifies B. dorsalis across all developmental stages and sexes. This assay is expected to significantly impact pest identification, phytosanitary measures, and eradication programs for B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arya
- Insects Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasa Narayana
- Insects Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Twinke Sinha
- Insects Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aravindaram Kandan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Samantapudi Venkata Satyanarayana Raju
- Insect Physiology and Toxicology Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Srinivasa Rao M, Rama Rao CA, Raju BMK, Subba Rao AVM, Gayatri DLA, Islam A, Prasad TV, Navya M, Srinivas K, Pratibha G, Srinivas I, Prabhakar M, Yadav SK, Bhaskar S, Singh VK, Chaudhari SK. Pest scenario of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) on pigeonpea during future climate change periods under RCP based projections in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6788. [PMID: 37100788 PMCID: PMC10133267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is the major insect pest of pigeonpea and prediction of number of generations (no. of gen.) and generation time (gen. time) using growing degree days (GDD) approach during three future climate change periods viz., Near (NP), Distant (DP) and Far Distant (FDP) periods at eleven major pigeonpea growing locations of India was attempted. Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 of Coupled Model Inter comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models was adopted here. The increase in projected Tmax and Tmin are significant during 3 climate change periods (CCPs) viz., the NP, DP and FDP over base line (BL) period under four RCP scenarios at all locations and would be higher (4.7-5.1 °C) in RCP 8.5 and in FDP. More number of annual (10-17) and seasonal (5-8) gens. are expected to occur with greater percent increase in FDP (8 to 38%) over base line followed by DP (7 to 22%) and NP (5to 10%) periods with shortened annual gen. time (4 to 27%) across 4 RCPs. The reduction of crop duration was substantial in short, medium and long duration pigeonpeas at all locations across 4 RCPs and 3 CCPs. The seasonal no.of gen. is expected to increase (5 to 35%) with shortened gen. time (4 to 26%) even with reduced crop duration across DP and FDP climate periods of 6.0 and 8.5 RCPs in LD pigeonpea. More no. of gen. of H. armigera with reduced gen. time are expected to occur at Ludhiana, Coimbatore, Mohanpur, Warangal and Akola locations over BL period in 4 RCPs when normal duration of pigeonpeas is considered. Geographical location (66 to 72%), climate period (11 to 19%), RCPs (5-7%) and their interaction (0.04-1%) is vital and together explained more than 90% of the total variation in future pest scenario. The findings indicate that the incidence of H. armigera would be higher on pigeonpea during ensuing CCPs in India under global warming context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Srinivasa Rao
- Principal Scientist (Entomology), ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500059, India.
| | - C A Rama Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - B M K Raju
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - A V M Subba Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - D L A Gayatri
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Adlul Islam
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - T V Prasad
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - M Navya
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - K Srinivas
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - G Pratibha
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - I Srinivas
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - M Prabhakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S K Chaudhari
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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Prasad TV, Srinivasa Rao M, Rao KV, Bal SK, Muttapa Y, Choudhary JS, Singh VK. Temperature-based phenology model for predicting the present and future establishment and distribution of recently invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) in India. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 112:1-15. [PMID: 34629126 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a polyphagous and highly destructive invasive insect pest of many crops. It was recently introduced into India and widely reported in almost all parts of India. Development of a temperature-based phenology model for predicting its rate of development and distribution will help in understanding the establishment and further spread of introduced invasive insect pests. Development, survival and reproduction parameters of S. frugiperda at six constant temperature conditions (15, 20, 25, 27, 30 and 35°C) were investigated and further validated with data generated under fluctuating temperature conditions. The estimated lower developmental threshold temperatures were 12.1°C for eggs, 11°C for larvae, 12.2°C for pupae, 15.13°C for males and 12.66°C for females. Degree-day (DD) requirements for the development of the different stages of S. frugiperda were 50, 250 and 200 DD for egg, larva and pupa, respectively. The best-fitted functions were compiled for each life stage to yield a phenology model, which was stochastically simulated to estimate the life table parameters. The developed phenology model predicted temperature ranges between 27 and 30°C as favourable for S. frugiperda development, survival and reproduction. The results revealed that maximum net reproductive rate (215.66 females/female/generation) and total fecundity (981.08 individuals/female/generation) were attained at 30°C constant temperature. The mean length of generations decreased from 74.29 days at 15°C to 38.74 days at 30°C. The maximum intrinsic rate of increase (0.138 females/female/day) and shortest doubling time (4.9 days) were also observed at 30°C. Results of simulated life table parameters showed high temperature-dependent development of S. frugiperda and complete development within all the tested constant temperature ranges (15-35°C). Simulated life table parameters for predicting risk indices of S. frugiperda in India indicated a significant increase in activity indices and establishment risk indices with a higher number of generations during future (2050 and 2070) climatic change scenarios compared to present conditions. Our results indicate that India will be highly suitable for the establishment and survival of S. frugiperda in future time periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Prasad
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-500 059, Telangana, India
| | - M Srinivasa Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-500 059, Telangana, India
| | - K V Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-500 059, Telangana, India
| | - S K Bal
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-500 059, Telangana, India
| | - Y Muttapa
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-500 059, Telangana, India
| | - J S Choudhary
- ICAR-RCER, Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region, Plandu, Ranchi-834 010, Jharkhand, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad-500 059, Telangana, India
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Kumar L, Choudhary JS, Kumar B. Host plant-mediated effects of elevated CO 2 and temperature on growth and developmental parameters of Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:111-119. [PMID: 32686624 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mexican beetle, Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister (Coleptera: Chrysomelidae) is a potential weed control biocontrol agent in Australia, India and other countries. Its grubs and adults feed on the leaves of parthenium weed, Parthenium hysterophorus and check the further growth of the plant. Experiments were conducted to understand host plant-mediated effects of elevated temperature and elevated CO2 on biocontrol agent Z. bicolorata. Food consumption, utilization, ecological efficiency and life-table parameters of Z. bicolorata were studied in grubs and adults stage up to diapause. Reduction of leaf nitrogen in parthenium weed foliage with a significant increase in carbon and C:N ratio was recorded at elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 and temperature had no effect on adult longevity before diapausing. Duration of egg's hatching, specific stages of grub and pupa of Z. bicolorata were significantly longer when beetles fed on leaves grown under elevated CO2 but these parameters decreased significantly on leaves grown under elevated temperature. Significantly high consumption rates with low growth and digestion conversions were observed under elevated CO2 and/or in coupled with elevated temperature. Elevated CO2 and temperature-grown parthenium weed foliage also had a significant effect on Z. bicolorata intrinsic rate of increase (R), finite rate of increase (λ), mean generation time (T), and gross reproductive rate. Changed quality of parthenium weed leaves in elevated CO2 and temperature levels resulted in the increase of consumption, slower food conversion rates, increase in developmental period with reduced reproduction efficiency of Z. bicolorata. Our results indicate that the reproduction efficiency of Z. bicolorata is likely to be reduced as the climate changes, despite increased feeding rates exhibited by grubs and adult beetles on parthenium weed foliage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavkush Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Maharajpur, Adhartal, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jaipal Singh Choudhary
- ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand834010, India
| | - Bhumesh Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Maharajpur, Adhartal, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Holt JR, Bernaola L, Britt KE, McCullough C, Roth M, Wagner J, Ragozzino M, Aviles L, Li Z, Huval F, Pandey M, Lee BW, Asche M, Hayes A, Cohen A, Marshall A, Quellhorst HE, Wilkins RV, Nguyen V, Maille J, Skinner RK, Ternest JJ, Anderson S, Gula SW, Hauri K, Eason J, Mulcahy M, Lee S, Villegas JM, Shorter P. Synergisms in Science: Climate Change and Integrated Pest Management Through the Lens of Communication-2019 Student Debates. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 33119749 PMCID: PMC7759723 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Every year, the Student Debates Subcommittee (SDS) of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC) for the annual Entomological Society of America (ESA) meeting organizes the Student Debates. This year, the SAC selected topics based on their synergistic effect or ability to ignite exponential positive change when addressed as a whole. For the 2019 Student Debates, the SAC SDS identified these topic areas for teams to debate and unbiased introduction speakers to address: 1) how to better communicate science to engage the public, particularly in the area of integrated pest management (IPM), 2) the influential impacts of climate change on agriculturally and medically relevant insect pests, and 3) sustainable agriculture techniques that promote the use of IPM to promote food security. Three unbiased introduction speakers gave a foundation for our audience to understand each debate topic, while each of six debate teams provided a strong case to support their stance or perspective on a topic. Debate teams submitted for a competitive spot for the annual ESA Student Debates and trained for the better part of a year to showcase their talents in presenting logical arguments for a particular topic. Both the debate teams and unbiased introduction speakers provided their insight toward a better understanding of the complexities of each topic and established a foundation to delve further into the topics of science advocacy and communication, climate change, and the many facets of integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R Holt
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Lina Bernaola
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Kadie E Britt
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Chirs McCullough
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Morgan Roth
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jennie Wagner
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Max Ragozzino
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Leslie Aviles
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Forest Huval
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Manoj Pandey
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Benjamin W Lee
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Megan Asche
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Abigail Hayes
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Abigail Cohen
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Adrian Marshall
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | | | - Rachel V Wilkins
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Valerie Nguyen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - Rachel K Skinner
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - John J Ternest
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sarah Anderson
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Scott W Gula
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kayleigh Hauri
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Julius Eason
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Megan Mulcahy
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Scott Lee
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - Patricia Shorter
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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