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Aithal S, Sinha A, Pathak M, Rathod K, Jadhav A, Saxena R, Nayak S, Bhaskar S. Bladder height to width ratio as a surrogate marker for non-physiological storage pressures in children with spinal dysraphism. Pediatr Surg Int 2024; 40:114. [PMID: 38683501 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-024-05696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal dysraphism is the most frequent cause of neurogenic bladder. Urodynamic study (UDS) is an important component of the follow-up of a child with neurogenic bladder. However, it suffers from a lack of widespread availability and is further hampered by technical difficulties and difficulty in its interpretation in children. A neurogenic bladder often appears vertically elongated; only limited and sparse literature is available regarding objectively defining the bladder shape and the urodynamic parameters in the cohort. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of the bladder's height-to-width ratio (HWR) on cystogram as a screening tool for identifying "non-physiological" bladder pressures in children with spinal dysraphism. A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate children operated for spinal dysraphism. Cystogram, ultrasonography and UDS evaluation were performed. HWR was calculated by the ratio of the maximum height to the maximum bladder width at maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), where MCC was calculated using standard Koff's formula, given by (age in years + 2) *30 ml in children more than one year and weight *7 ml for infants. The children were categorised into groups based on maximum detrusor pressure (MDP) into two groups (MDP ≥ 30 cmH2O and MDP < 30 cmH2O). A receiver-operative characteristic curve was constructed to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of HWR in predicting the MDP. RESULTS A total of 53 children, operated for spinal dysraphism, met the study criteria during the study period, from March 2021 to September 2022. The median age of children was 4 years (IQR-3-5.5 years). The HWR ratio was compared between the two groups and was significantly higher for the non-physiological pressure bladders than for physiological pressure bladders (mean of 1.55 vs 1.26, p = 0.001). On evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of HWR for discerning children with non-physiological bladder pressures were 87.5% and 48.28%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.781, with a cut-off value of 1.3. DISCUSSION We attempted to evaluate the HWR based on bladder shape objectively. We demonstrated a moderate correlation between the bladder shape and the bladder pressures. An HWR of 1.3 or higher could be significant for identifying a non-physiological bladder storage pressure. CONCLUSION The height to width ratio of the bladder on cystogram is a useful tool as a surrogate marker for non-physiological storage pressures in bladders of children with spinal dysraphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrilakshmi Aithal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Arvind Sinha
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Manish Pathak
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Kirtikumar Rathod
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Avinash Jadhav
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Rahul Saxena
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - Shubhalaxmi Nayak
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India.
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India, Rajasthan, 342005.
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Nidheesh PV, Kumar M, Venkateshwaran G, Ambika S, Bhaskar S, Vinay, Ghosh P. Conversion of locally available materials to biochar and activated carbon for drinking water treatment. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141566. [PMID: 38428536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water treatment must be done at a reasonable cost with minimal environmental impact. Therefore, treating contaminated drinking water requires materials and approaches that are inexpensive, produced locally, and effortlessly. Hence, locally available materials and their derivatives, such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated thoroughly. Several researchers and their findings show that the application of locally accessible materials and their derivatives are capable of the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water. The application of locally available materials such as lignocellulosic materials/waste and its thermo-chemically derived products, including BC and AC were found effective in the treatment of contaminated drinking water. Thus, this review aims to thoroughly examine the latest developments in the use of locally accessible feedstocks for tailoring BC and AC, as well as their features and applications in the treatment of drinking water. We attempted to explain facts related to the potential mechanisms of BC and AC, such as complexation, co-precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange to treat water, thereby achieving a risk-free remediation approach to polluted water. Additionally, this research offers guidance on creating efficient household treatment units based on the health risks associated with customized adsorbents and cost-benefit analyses. Lastly, this review work discusses the current obstacles for using locally accessible materials and their thermo-chemically produced by-products to purify drinking water, as well as the necessity for technological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - G Venkateshwaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Ambika
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, NIT Campus, P.O 673 601, Kozhikode, India
| | - Vinay
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Industrial Pollution Control-IV Division, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, 110032, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Prasad JVNS, Veni VG, Srinivasarao C, Kundu S, Ramakrishna B, Sammi Reddy K, Singh R, Singh SK, Murai AS, Rohilla PP, Makkar GS, Rampal VK, Grover J, Brar JS, Goyal NK, Jakhar DS, Kiran BVS, Singh VK, Bhaskar S. Can adoption of climate resilient management practices achieve carbon neutrality in traditional green revolution states of Punjab and Haryana? J Environ Manage 2023; 338:117761. [PMID: 37030142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration in cropland are necessary to achieve carbon neutrality at national scale. The major objective of this study is to quantify the GHG mitigation potential of adopted climate resilient (CR) practices in CR villages using Ex-ACT tool developed by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Intensively cultivated area of Punjab and Haryana was selected for carrying out this study. In both the states, villages were selected by considering the climate for past 30 years. In the selected villages, a set of CR practices were implemented in annuals, perennials, irrigated rice, fertilizer use, land use change and livestock and quantified the GHG mitigation potential in these villages for next twenty years. The tool predicted that the CR practices adopted were successful in enhancing the overall sink (carbon balance) in all the study villages. The villages of Punjab had recorded higher mitigation potential as compared to the villages of Haryana. The overall sink potential in these villages ranged from -354 to -38309 Mg CO2-eq. The change in sink potential varied from 3.16 to 112% with lowest in Radauri and highest in Badhauchhi kalan village. The sink potential got doubled in Badhauchhi kalan village due to stopping rice straw burning and increase in area under perennials by 25%. The source potential varied from 6.33 to -7.44% across the study villages. Even with the implementation of NICRA, there was increase in source by 5.58 and 6.33% in Killi Nihal Singh Wala and Radauri due to irrigated rice, land use change and livestock. Majorly, rice straw burning was seen in most of the study villages, yet, with proper residue management and adoption of CR practices (mainly intermittent flooding) in rice cultivation resulted in emissions reduction up to 5-26% with enhanced productivity up to 15-18%, which can be considered for scaling up. Fertilizer management reduced the emissions by average of 13% across the study villages. Farm gate emission intensity per ton of milk and rice recorded highest emission intensity compared to annuals and perennials suggesting strict implementation of CR practices in rice cultivation and livestock sector. Implementation and scaling up of CR practices could potentially reduce the emissions and make the village C negative in intensive rice-wheat production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V N S Prasad
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - V Girija Veni
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Ch Srinivasarao
- ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500 030, India
| | - Sumanta Kundu
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India.
| | - B Ramakrishna
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - K Sammi Reddy
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Rajbir Singh
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone-I, Ludhiana, India
| | - S K Singh
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute Zone-II, Jodhpur, India
| | - Ashish Santosh Murai
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute, Zone-I, Ludhiana, India
| | - P P Rohilla
- ICAR-Agricultural Technology Application Research Institute Zone-II, Jodhpur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - N K Goyal
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - D S Jakhar
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - B V S Kiran
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Srinivasa Rao M, Rama Rao CA, Raju BMK, Subba Rao AVM, Gayatri DLA, Islam A, Prasad TV, Navya M, Srinivas K, Pratibha G, Srinivas I, Prabhakar M, Yadav SK, Bhaskar S, Singh VK, Chaudhari SK. Pest scenario of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) on pigeonpea during future climate change periods under RCP based projections in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6788. [PMID: 37100788 PMCID: PMC10133267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is the major insect pest of pigeonpea and prediction of number of generations (no. of gen.) and generation time (gen. time) using growing degree days (GDD) approach during three future climate change periods viz., Near (NP), Distant (DP) and Far Distant (FDP) periods at eleven major pigeonpea growing locations of India was attempted. Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 of Coupled Model Inter comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models was adopted here. The increase in projected Tmax and Tmin are significant during 3 climate change periods (CCPs) viz., the NP, DP and FDP over base line (BL) period under four RCP scenarios at all locations and would be higher (4.7-5.1 °C) in RCP 8.5 and in FDP. More number of annual (10-17) and seasonal (5-8) gens. are expected to occur with greater percent increase in FDP (8 to 38%) over base line followed by DP (7 to 22%) and NP (5to 10%) periods with shortened annual gen. time (4 to 27%) across 4 RCPs. The reduction of crop duration was substantial in short, medium and long duration pigeonpeas at all locations across 4 RCPs and 3 CCPs. The seasonal no.of gen. is expected to increase (5 to 35%) with shortened gen. time (4 to 26%) even with reduced crop duration across DP and FDP climate periods of 6.0 and 8.5 RCPs in LD pigeonpea. More no. of gen. of H. armigera with reduced gen. time are expected to occur at Ludhiana, Coimbatore, Mohanpur, Warangal and Akola locations over BL period in 4 RCPs when normal duration of pigeonpeas is considered. Geographical location (66 to 72%), climate period (11 to 19%), RCPs (5-7%) and their interaction (0.04-1%) is vital and together explained more than 90% of the total variation in future pest scenario. The findings indicate that the incidence of H. armigera would be higher on pigeonpea during ensuing CCPs in India under global warming context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Srinivasa Rao
- Principal Scientist (Entomology), ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500059, India.
| | - C A Rama Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - B M K Raju
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - A V M Subba Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - D L A Gayatri
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Adlul Islam
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - T V Prasad
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - M Navya
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - K Srinivas
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - G Pratibha
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - I Srinivas
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - M Prabhakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S K Chaudhari
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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Kumar PV, Bhavani O, Bhaskar S. Spatial and temporal pattern of deficient Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR): impact on Kharif (summer monsoon) food grain production in India. Int J Biometeorol 2023; 67:485-501. [PMID: 36652001 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite a significant increasing trend in historical food grain production (FGP) in India, deficient Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) often causes a reduction in FGP. The present study was carried out to understand temporal and spatial variations in deficient rainfall (drought) and their impact on national and regional FGP of India. Long-term (1901-2020) percentage departure in rainfall and drought areas over the country showed nonsignificant and significant trends, respectively. Subdivisional rainfall showed significant decreasing and increasing trends in 4 and 5 subdivisions, respectively. Drought years of high frequency (once in 3-4 years) and 4 to 5 consecutive drought years (once in 120 years) occurred in northwest and western subdivisions of India. Departure in de-trended production of All India Kharif food grains from its normal (DDP) showed significant quadratic relationship with departure in ISMR from its normal (DRF). Besides the quadratic equation, another multiple regression model taking de-trended crop area, DRF, and drought area as predictor variables was developed for predicting DDP. Both these models, with high R2 (0.8-0.88) between observed and predicted data and low RMSE (2.6-2.7%), can be employed for advanced estimation of DDP of the country and for taking country-level policy decisions by the Indian Government. For the first time, models were formulated to estimate state-wise departure in FGP (DP). In these models, novel indices viz., (i) rainfall departure and irrigation index (RDII) and (ii) physical and socio-economic index (PSEI), were used as predictor variables. These models, with R2 (0.71-0.75) and RMSE of 11.8-14.2(< SD of observed data), hold promise for advance estimation of production loss in states, useful for regional-level planning by the Government of India, and testing them in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vijaya Kumar
- Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad (P.O.), Hyderabad, 500059, Telangana, India.
| | - O Bhavani
- Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Saidabad (P.O.), Hyderabad, 500059, Telangana, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Natural Resources Management Division, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Mishra J, Kumar R, Mondal S, Poonia S, Rao K, Dubey R, Raman RK, Dwivedi S, Kumar R, Saurabh K, Monobrullah M, Kumar S, Bhatt B, Malik R, Kumar V, McDonald A, Bhaskar S. Tillage and crop establishment effects on weeds and productivity of a rice-wheat-mungbean rotation. Field Crops Res 2022; 284:108577. [PMID: 35924187 PMCID: PMC9214547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Weeds are one of the key threats in sustaining the productivity of the rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The development of sound integrated weed management technologies requires knowledge of mechanisms that influence weed flora composition and weed seedbank dynamics. A long-term study was initiated in 2015 at Patna, Bihar, India to evaluate the effect of seven tillage and crop establishment methods on weed density, weed seedbank composition, and crop productivity in rice-wheat-mungbean rotation. All the treatments included zero-till mungbean after wheat. Tillage and crop establishment methods had differential effects on weed and weed seedbank composition. In rice, zero-till direct-seeded rice recorded 62% lower emergence of Cyperus iria, 82-90% of Echinochloa colona, and 81-83% of total weeds compared to tilled systems, but the system of rice and wheat intensification favoured E. colona. In wheat, the system of wheat intensification favoured the Phalaris minor and Solanum nigrum. Zero-till rice and wheat reduced the seedbank of Trianthema portulacastrum by 95%, and total weed seedbank by 62% compared to the system of rice and wheat intensification. Nearly, 72% of C. iria seeds, 62% of grasses, and 64% of broad-leaved weeds were in 0-15 cm soil layer. Zero-till direct-seeded rice produced a 13% lower rice grain yield than conventional puddled transplanted rice. Compared to the system of wheat intensification, zero-till wheat under triple zero-till systems produced an 11.5% higher grain yield. Managing weed seedbank is a long-term endeavour. The present study revealed that tillage and crop establishment methods influence weed density and diversity. Under zero-till rice-wheat system, rice yield decreases marginally, but the system productivity maintains due to improvement in succeeding wheat yield. This system is also helpful in reducing the weed flora density and soil weed seedbank. Regular monitoring and management of emerging pests such as armyworm (Mythimna separata) are, however, required. The study suggests that the adoption of triple zero-tillage can be a viable option for reducing the weed density and weed seedbank concurrently increasing the system productivity of the rice-wheat-mungbean cropping system in eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.S. Mishra
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Surajit Mondal
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S.P. Poonia
- Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA)-CIMMYT, Patna, India
| | - K.K. Rao
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rachana Dubey
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - S.K. Dwivedi
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Kirti Saurabh
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Md Monobrullah
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - B.P. Bhatt
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - R.K. Malik
- Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA)-CIMMYT, Patna, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, The Philippines
| | - Andrew McDonald
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S. Bhaskar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Sanjeev A, Reddy NN, Bhaskar S, Rohini R, Raju AK, Kumar BV, Hu A, Reddy PM. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamamide-Tethered 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives. Russ J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bhatia R, Haldar P, Puri I, Padma Srivastava MV, Bhoi S, Jha M, Dey A, Naik S, Guru S, Singh M, Vishnu VY, Rajan R, Gupta A, Vibha D, Pandit A, Agarwal A, Salunkhe M, Singh G, Prasad D, Panda S, Anand S, Rohila A, Khera P, Tiwari S, Bhaskar S, Garg M, Kumar N, Dhar M, Tiwari A, Agrawal N, Raju G, Garg J, Ray B, Bhardwaj A, Verma A, Dongre N, Chhina G, Sibia R, Kaur R, Zanzmera P, Gamit A, Iype T, Garg R, Singh S, Kumar A, Ranjan A, Sardana V, Soni D, Bhushan B, Dhamija R, Saluja A, Bala K, Dabla S, Goswami D, Agarwal A, Shah S, Shah S, Patel M, Joshi P, Awasthi S, Nath S, Chandan S, Malik R, Chowdhury N. Study protocol: IMPETUS: Implementing a uniform stroke care pathway in medical colleges of India: IMPETUS Stroke. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:640-646. [PMID: 36211192 PMCID: PMC9540919 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_1033_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In India, a national program for stroke (national programme for the control of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and stroke) and stroke management guidelines exist. Its successful implementation would need an organized system of stroke care in practice. However, many challenges exist including lack of awareness, prehospital notification systems, stroke ready hospitals, infrastructural weaknesses, and rehabilitation. We present here a protocol to investigate the feasibility and fidelity of implementing a uniform stroke care pathway in medical colleges of India. Methods and Analysis: This is a multicentric, prospective, multiphase, mixed-method, quasi-experimental implementation study intended to examine the changes in a select set of stroke care-related indicators over time within the sites exposed to the same implementation strategy. We shall conduct process evaluation of the implementation process as well as evaluate the effect of the implementation strategy using the interrupted time series design. During implementation phase, education and training about standard stroke care pathway will be provided to all stakeholders of implementing sites. Patient-level outcomes in the form of modified Rankin Scale score will be collected for all consecutive patients throughout the study. Process evaluation outcomes will be collected and reported in the form of various stroke care indicators. We will report level and trend changes in various indicators during the three study phases. Discussion: Acute stroke requires timely detection, management, and secondary prevention. Implementation of the uniform stroke care pathway is a unique opportunity to promote the requirements of homogenous stroke care in medical colleges of India.
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Mishra J, Poonia S, Kumar R, Dubey R, Kumar V, Mondal S, Dwivedi S, Rao K, Kumar R, Tamta M, Verma M, Saurabh K, Kumar S, Bhatt B, Malik R, McDonald A, Bhaskar S. An impact of agronomic practices of sustainable rice-wheat crop intensification on food security, economic adaptability, and environmental mitigation across eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains. Field Crops Res 2021; 267:108164. [PMID: 34140753 PMCID: PMC8146726 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGP), conventional rice-wheat system has led to a decline in productivity, input-use efficiency, and profitability. To address these, a four-year field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of tillage and crop establishment (TCE) methods in rice-wheat-greengram rotation. The treatments included: 1) random puddled transplanted rice (RPTR) - conventional-till broadcast wheat (BCW) - zero-till greengram (ZTG); 2) line PTR (LPTR) - conventional-till drill sown wheat (CTW) - ZTG; 3) machine transplanted rice in puddled soil (CTMTR) - zero tillage wheat (ZTW) - ZTG; 4) machine transplanted rice in zero-till wet soil (ZTMTR) - ZTW - ZTG; 5) system of rice intensification (SRI) - system of wheat intensification (SWI) - ZTG; 6) direct-seeded rice (DSR) - ZTW - ZTG; and 7) zero-till DSR - ZTW - ZTG. During the initial two years, conventional rice system (PTR) recorded a 16.2 % higher rice grain yield than DSR system. Whereas in the fourth year, the rice yields under DSR and PTR were comparable. As compared to SRI/SWI, the average wheat yield in ZT system was significantly high, whereas in rice, SRI/SWI system was comparable with CT system. ZTW after non-puddled rice was at par to CTW after PTR. The ZT wheat produced 4.6 % more yield than CT system. DSR production system consumed 6.8 % less water compared to transplanted system. On the system basis, 10.8 % higher net returns were recorded with CA-based system compared to conventional system. The system energy productivity under CA-based production system was 14-36 % higher than PTR-based systems. CA-based system also led to 8-10 % lower global warming potential (GWP) than conventional methods. The current study indicated that as compared to conventional system, a significant gain in productivity, profitability and energy-use efficiency, and reduction in the environmental mitigation are possible with emerging alternative TCE methods. Long-term expansion and further refinement of these technologies in local areas need to be explored for the second green revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.S. Mishra
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S.P. Poonia
- Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA)-CIMMYT, Patna, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rachana Dubey
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines
| | - Surajit Mondal
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S.K. Dwivedi
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - K.K. Rao
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Manisha Tamta
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Mausam Verma
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Kirti Saurabh
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - B.P. Bhatt
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - R.K. Malik
- Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA)-CIMMYT, Patna, India
| | - Andrew McDonald
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S. Bhaskar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
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Sultan A, Juneja A, Bhaskar S. Co-morbidity of down syndrome with autism spectrum disorder: Dental implications. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:146-148. [PMID: 32489813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several years, numerous studies have emerged documenting the high incidence (1-11%) of comorbidity of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in Down syndrome (DS). While children with these health issues are reported to be more cognitively impaired presenting significantly lower IQ scores, they also demonstrate differences in social and expressive language skills when compared to their coequals with DS only. More than that subjects with DS and ASD comorbidity exhibit atypical behaviour manifested by stereotypic anxiety and social withdrawal when compared to DS alone. This article provides a brief understanding of this challenging concurrence along with a case report of a 12-year-old male patient with ASD-DS condition reporting with multiple missing teeth (Oligodontia).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sultan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - A Juneja
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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11
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Janakiraman H, Abraham G, Mathew M, Lalitha M, Bhaskar S. Relapsing Peritonitis Due to Co-Infection with Mycobacterium triviale and Candida albicans in a CAPD Patient. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080702700319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Janakiraman
- Madras Medical Mission Hospital Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute Chennai, India
| | - G. Abraham
- Nephrology Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute Chennai, India
| | - M. Mathew
- Madras Medical Mission Hospital Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute Chennai, India
| | - M.K. Lalitha
- Madras Medical Mission Hospital Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute Chennai, India
| | - S. Bhaskar
- Madras Medical Mission Hospital Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute Chennai, India
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system. They can occur anywhere in the central nervous system but are most commonly located in the temporal lobe and are mainly found in children. Anaplastic ganglioglioma can result from either de novo or transformation of a pre-existing lesion.
Case presentation
We report a case of de novo anaplastic ganglioglioma in the parieto occipital region, which is a rare location. A 34-year-old lady presented with features of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) with right side hemiparesis. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) of the brain showed well-defined intense heterogenously enhancing solid cystic mass lesion 5.3 × 5.2 cm in the left parieto occipital region with mass effect and midline shift. Intraoperatively, a cystic mass lesion with reddish brown nodule was seen in the left occipital lobe. Complete tumor excision was done. Microscopic and IHC examination was suggestive of anaplastic ganglioglioma. The post-operative period was uneventful. The patient received 60-Gy radiotherapy with temozolamide as adjuvant therapy, and repeat imaging showed no tumor recurrence.
Conclusion
Anaplastic gangliogliomas are rare tumors with parieto occipital as rare location.
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Sharma A, Chaudhary M, Thakar A, Bhaskar S, Sikka K, Pramanik R, Biswas A, Singh C, Sahoo R, Deo S, Kumar R, Thulkar S, Kakkar A, Seth S, Sreenivas V. Concurrent chemotherapy and external radiation therapy: An open label non-inferiority phase III randomized controlled trial of weekly versus three weekly cisplatin and radical radiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: CONCERT trial. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz252.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Sharma V, Bhaskar S, Kumar A, Bhardwaj M. Conus melanocytoma: A rare spinal tumor. Neurol India 2019; 67:591-595. [PMID: 31085889 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.258008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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15
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Shivanna P, Pramanik R, Sharma A, Sahoo R, Bhaskar S, Thulkar S, Deo S. PO-069 Efficacy of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced oral cancers- a randomized pilot study. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Bhaskar S, Manu B, Sreenivasa MY. Bacteriological synthesis of iron hydroxysulfate using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain and its application in ametryn degradation by Fenton's oxidation process. J Environ Manage 2019; 232:236-242. [PMID: 30476685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The investigation reports the application of biogenic jarosite, an iron hydroxy sulfate mineral in Fenton's Oxidation process. Ametryn, a herbicide detrimental to aquatic life and also to human is treated by Fenton's oxidation process using synthesized iron mineral, jarosite. The jarosite synthesis was carried out by using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial strain with ferrous as an iron supplement. The isolated strain was characterized by molecular techniques and biooxidation activity to ferrous to ferric iron was checked. On Fenton's treatment ametryn degradation upto 84.9% and COD removal to the extent of 56.1% was observed within 2 h of treatment and the reaction follows the pseudo first order kinetics with the curve best fit. The slight increase in kinetic rate constant on jarosite loading rate increase from 0.1 g/L to 0.5 g/L with H2O2 dosage of 100 mg/L confirms that jarosite has a catalytic role in the removal of ametryn. Mass spectroscopy analysis of treated synthetic ametryn solution at various intervals reveal the degradation follows dealkylation and hydroxylation pathway with the formation of three major intermediate compounds discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhaskar
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, P.O. Srinivasanagar, Mangalore, 575025 D.K, India.
| | - Basavaraju Manu
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, P.O. Srinivasanagar, Mangalore, 575025 D.K, India.
| | - M Y Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Sobti S, Bhaskar S, Sharma RK, Choudhary A. Pneumorrhachis following Chest Injury: A Rare Entity. Asian J Neurosurg 2018; 13:440-441. [PMID: 29682055 PMCID: PMC5898126 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_81_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumorrhachis (PR) – the phenomenon of intraspinal air – is a rare radiological finding. The presence of intraspinal air is usually after epidural injections, spinal manipulations, synovial cysts, degenerative disc disease, and epidural abscess. PR is mostly asymptomatic but can also be symptomatic. We report a case with PR after chest trauma and attempt to explain its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivender Sobti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh K Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
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18
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Sharma S, Chander S, Subramani V, Kumar P, Gopishankar N, Bhaskar S, Pathy S, Thulkar S, Singh M, Binjola A, Dhayanethi N, Kumar P. EP-1764: Comparison of COMPASS beam modelling with Monaco using Elekta express QA beams. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Shinde S, Sharma R, Bhaskar S, Chaudhary A. “Dupatta” Entanglement: Cause of Head Injury in Female Pillion Riders on Motorcycles. IJNS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRoad traffic accidents are a major cause of head injury. Direct head-on collision, hit by vehicle, and overturning of vehicle are some of the modes of road traffic accidents leading to head injury. A dupatta is an accessory worn by many females in the Indian subcontinent. It is wrapped around the neck like a scarf. It can get entangled in the vehicle leading to skidding of vehicle and consequent traumatic injury. There are many reported cases of cervical spine injury by this mechanism. However, this can also result in head injury due to direct impact. In this article we report two cases of head injury caused by entanglement of dupatta in the tire of a two-wheeler vehicle. In both cases the dupatta got entangled in the tire of vehicle leading to skidding of bike and then leading to head injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushilkumar Shinde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Bhaskar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Chaudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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20
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Aranha A, Choudhary A, Bhaskar S, Gupta LN. A Randomized Study Comparing Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy versus Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in the Management of Hydrocephalus Due to Tuberculous Meningitis. Asian J Neurosurg 2018; 13:1140-1147. [PMID: 30459883 PMCID: PMC6208215 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.ajns_107_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to compare safety and efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) versus ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in the treatment of hydrocephalus in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and to assess clinical and radiological profiles of patients with TBM that would be better suited to either VP shunt or ETV. Methods This study was a single-center randomized prospective study on 52 patients with TBM hydrocephalus in the pediatric age group (<18 years of age). Patients included in the study were randomized into undergo either VP shunt or ETV. Both groups were followed up for a minimum of 5 months and assessed for success and failure rates as well as procedural complications and neurologic sequelae. Results Twenty-six patients underwent ETV with a success rate of 65.4% with six of nine failures occurring within the first 16 days after surgery (median time to failure - 3 days). In the VP shunt group, there was a success rate of 61.54% and a median time to failure of 50 days. Modified Vellore grading was found to be a significant factor in determining outcome in both ETV and VP shunt groups with high-grade TBM consistently associated with poor outcome (odds ratio = 4.2). Conclusions ETV can be performed effectively in young children including infants, as well as those with communicating hydrocephalus, high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell counts, and protein levels with a lower rate of failure than that of VP shunt. Hence, ETV should be attempted as the first-choice CSF diversion procedure in hydrocephalus secondary to TBM where technical expertise and experience with this procedure is available as it avoids the myriad of lifelong complications associated with shunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Aranha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Choudhary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - L N Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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21
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Sharma S, Subramani V, Kumar P, Bhaskar S, Pathy S, Thulkar S, Sairem M, Binjola A, Agarwal P, Dhayanethi N, Kumar P, Chander S. EP-1498: IMRT and VMAT commissioning for Versa HD linear accelerator using AAPM TG-119. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Rajalakshmy AR, Malathi J, Madhavan HN, Bhaskar S, Iyer GK. Internalisation of hepatitis C virus core protein by human conjunctival fibroblasts. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:536-538. [PMID: 27934839 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.195358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins can mediate innate immune response and inflammation in conjunctival fibroblasts which contributes to the pathology of dry eye condition associated with chronic HCV infection. The present study investigates the phagocytic potential of human conjunctival fibroblasts (HCFj) for HCV core protein. HCFj cells were incubated with HCV core antigen for different periods of time, and fluorescent micrographs were taken to observe protein internalisation. HCFj cells were capable of internalising HCV core antigen within 1 h; this gives an insight into another molecular mechanism which may contribute towards HCV-associated conjunctival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Rajalakshmy
- L & T Microbiology Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya; Department of Pathology (ARR), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, USA
| | - J Malathi
- L & T Microbiology Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Texas, USA
| | - H N Madhavan
- L & T Microbiology Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Texas, USA
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G K Iyer
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sharma A, Jagadesan P, Chaudhari P, Das S, Bhaskar S, Thakar A, Sharma A, Mohanti BK. Six-year analysis of compliance to weekly concurrent chemoradiotherapy in head and neck carcinomas. Clin Otolaryngol 2015; 41:442-7. [PMID: 26523400 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate treatment compliance to weekly concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis. SETTING Tertiary care hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall treatment time (OTT), acute radiation morbidity and treatment completion rate without prolongation of overall treatment time of more than 2 days. RESULTS Three hundred and seventy-eight head and neck carcinoma patients treated with radical CRT with 70 Gy/35 fractions of radiotherapy with weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m(2) were included in the study. Median age was 52 years (range 22-77 years), oropharynx was most commonly (54%) involved site, and 55% were in stage IV disease. Majority (86%) of patients were able to complete cancer-directed therapy, median OTT was 52 days (46-140 days). Nineteen per cent of patients completed treatment without prolongation of OTT beyond 2 days and 68% of patients there completed treatment prolongation of OTT beyond 7 days. Nearly, sixty-six of the patients experienced grade II or higher acute radiation morbidities. CONCLUSIONS Delivery of weekly low-dose concurrent CRT is safe and feasible. Two-thirds of the patients experienced treatment prolongation of more than 2 days and 14% could not complete treatment. Results within in the study suggest to a greater need to lay emphasis on continuity of a course of radical CRT for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - P Jagadesan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - P Chaudhari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - S Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - A Thakar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - A Sharma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - B K Mohanti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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Venkatesul B, Mallick S, Bhaskar S, Deo S. Should Neck Nodes Be Treated in Eyelid Tumors: Unmet Need of Nodal Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sengupta M, Sarkar D, Ganguly K, Sengupta D, Bhaskar S, Ray K. In silico analyses of missense mutations in coagulation factor VIII: identification of severity determinants of haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2015; 21:662-9. [PMID: 25854144 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Factor VIII (FVIII) mutations cause haemophilia A (HA), an X-linked recessive coagulation disorder. Over 1000 missense mutations in FVIII are known and they lead to variable clinical phenotypes (severe, moderate and mild). The exact molecular basis of this phenotypic heterogeneity by FVIII missense mutations is elusive to date. In this study, we aimed to identify the severity determinants that cause phenotypic heterogeneity of HA. We compiled and curated a data set of 766 missense mutations from the repertoire of missense mutations in FVIII. We analysed these mutations by computational programs (e.g. Swiss-PdbViewer) and different mutation analysis servers (e.g. SIFT, PROVEAN, CUPSAT, PolyPhen2, MutPred); and various sequence- and structure-based parameters were assessed for any significant distribution bias among different HA phenotypes. Our analyses suggest that 'mutations in evolutionary conserved residues', 'mutations in buried residues', mutation-induced 'steric clash' and 'surface electrostatic potential alteration' act as risk factors towards severe HA. We have developed a grading system for FVIII mutations combining the severity determinants, and the grading pattern correlates with HA phenotype. This study will help to correctly associate the HA phenotype with a mutation and aid early characterization of novel variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - D Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - K Ganguly
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - D Sengupta
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Molecular & Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India
| | - K Ray
- Molecular & Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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Abstract
A 22-year-old man presented with a large, soft, compressible swelling in the right occipito-parietal region. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed blood only. The lesion was excised and histopathology studies revealed it to be a diffuse neurofibroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Stephen's Hospital, Tis Hazari, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Handa
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Stephen's Hospital, Tis Hazari, India
| | - Bharat Jindal
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. Stephen's Hospital, Tis Hazari, Delhi, India
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Bhaskar S, Surlea C, Mone F, Milligan P, Ong S. A novel semi-automated method of tracking fetal movements. Ir Med J 2014; 107:246. [PMID: 25282968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have designed software that can "look" at recorded ultrasound sequences. We analyzed fifteen video sequences representing recorded ultrasound scans of nine fetuses. Our method requires a small amount of user labelled pixels for processing the first frame. These initialize GrowCut, a background removal algorithm, which was used for separating the fetus from its surrounding environment (segmentation). For each subsequent frame, user input is no longer necessary as some of the pixels will inherit labels from the previously processed frame. This results in our software's ability to track movement. Two sonographers rated the results of our computer's 'vision' on a scale from 1 (poor fit) to 10 (excellent fit). They assessed tracking accuracy for the entire video as well as segmentation accuracy (the ability to identify fetus from non-fetus) for every 100th processed frame. There was no appreciable deterioration in the software's ability to track the fetus over time.
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Roshan V, Mallick S, Mondal D, Benson R, Bharti A, Bhaskar S, Chander S. EP-1108: Role of conformal radiotherapy in adenoid cystic carcinoma of Lacrymal gland. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)31226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Roy R, Hoover MR, Bhalla AS, Slawecki T, Dey S, Cao W, Li J, Bhaskar S. Ultradilute Ag-aquasols with extraordinary bactericidal properties: role of the system Ag–O–H2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/143307507x196167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Das S, Mohanti B, Sharma A, Bhaskar S, Thakar A, Thulkar S, Pandey R. PD-043: Randomized Comparison of Acute Toxicities in HNSCC Receiving Concurrent CHEMO-RT vs Accelerated Fractionation RT. Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mullapally S, Mohanti B, Rath G, Laviraj M, Subramani V, Bhaskar S, Kumar M. Image Guided Radiation Therapy in Head-and-Neck Cancer: Static Dose Versus Dynamic Volumes -- The Need for Adaptive Innovation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bhaskar S, Sobti S, Singh AK. Massive scalp hematoma due to diffuse neurofibroma in NF-1. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 115:477-80. [PMID: 22738734 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Bhaskar
- Department of Neurosurgery, 235, Academic Block, PGIMER & Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi 110001, India.
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Janipalli CS, Kumar MVK, Vinay DG, Sandeep MN, Bhaskar S, Kulkarni SR, Aruna M, Joglekar CV, Priyadharshini S, Maheshwari N, Yajnik CS, Chandak GR. Analysis of 32 common susceptibility genetic variants and their combined effect in predicting risk of Type 2 diabetes and related traits in Indians. Diabet Med 2012; 29:121-7. [PMID: 21913964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03438.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several Type 2 diabetes-related loci. We investigated the effect of susceptibility genetic variants, individually, together and in combination with conventional risk factors, on Type 2 diabetes and diabetes-related traits in Indians. METHODS We genotyped 33 variants in 1808 Indian patients and 1549 control subjects and performed association analyses with Type 2 diabetes and related traits using an additive model for individual variant and for genetic risk score based on 32 polymorphisms. The discriminatory value of genetic risk over conventional risk factors was analysed using receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis. RESULTS The allelic odds ratio ranged from 1.01 (95% CI 0.85-1.19) to 1.66 (95% CI 1.32-2.01) for single-variant analyses. Although, only 16 variants had significant odds ratios, the direction of association for others was similar to earlier reports. The odds ratio for Type 2 diabetes at each genetic risk score point was 1.11 (95% CI 1.09-1.14; P = 5.6 × 10(-17)) and individuals with extremes of genetic risk score (≥ 29.0 and ≤ 17.0) had a 7.5-fold difference in risk of Type 2 diabetes. The discrimination rate between control subjects and patients improved marginally on addition of genetic risk score to conventional risk factors (area under curve = 0.959 and 0.963, respectively; P = 0.001). Of all the quantitative traits analysed, MC4R variants showed strong association with BMI (P = 4.1 × 10(-4)), fat mass per cent (P = 2.4 × 10(-4)) and other obesity-related traits, including waist circumference and hip circumference (P = 2.0 × 10(-3) for both), as well as insulin resistance (P =0.02). CONCLUSIONS We replicated the association of well-established common variants with Type 2 diabetes in Indians and observed a similar association as reported in Western populations. Combined analysis of 32 variants aids identification of subgroups at increased risk of Type 2 diabetes, but adds only a minor advantage over conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Janipalli
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Hyderabad, India
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Goff I, Coady D, Wright D, Mooney J, Poland F, Spalding N, Scott DGI, Watts R, Aquilina D, Walker D, Margham T, Bracewell C, Vila J, Burridge D, Coady D, Morris H, Ryan C, Lauchlan D, Field M, Lutalo PM, Davies U, Nandagudi A, Bruce J, Dabrera MG, Fleming CA, O'Connor MB, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Hughes M, Amin R, Watson P, Pocock J, Gaffney K, Rao VK, Bhaskar S, Tosounidou S, Chaudhuri K, Nicolaou M, Amstrong R, Hassell AB, Walker D, Birrell F. Education research: 33. Evaluation of the First BSR Ultrasound Anatomy Training Course. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bhaskar S, Dobal PS, Majumder SB, Katiyar RS. Characterization of Conductive RuO2 Thin Film as Bottom electrodes for Ferroelectric Thin Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-655-cc4.7.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractRuthenium Oxide (RuO2) thin films were prepared on silicon substrates by solution chemistry technique. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), micro-Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and four probe Van-der-paw technique were used for the film characterization. X-ray analysis shows a rutile structure in these films. The films annealed at 700°C showed lowest resistivity of 29 × 10−5 ohm-cm. The presence of Eg, A1g, and B2g modes is consistent with the Raman spectrum of rutile phase. These modes as well as additional unidentified band at about 477 cm−1 were investigated by temperature dependent Raman studies. Based on the result, band at 477 cm−1 that disappears above 370 K is attributed to hydrated RuO2 present in the films. XPS analysis show stoichiometric rutile RuO2 present in the films. Small concentrations of RuCl3, RuO3 and hydrated RuO2 were also detected. Pb0.9La0.15TiO3 (PLT15) thin films were deposited on RuO2/Si substrates and characterized for its ferroelectric properties to demonstrate that solution deposition technique offers an alternative approach for preparing high quality RuO2 bottom electrodes.
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Bhaskar S, Majumder SB, Dobal PS, Katiyar RS, Cruz ALM, Fachini ER. Effect of Precursor Sol Ageing on Sol-Gel Derived Ruthenium Oxide Thin Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-606-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present work we have optimized the process parameters to yield homogeneous, smooth ruthenium oxide (RuO2) thin films on silicon substrates by a solution deposition technique using RuCl3.×.H2O as the precursor material. Films were annealed in a temperature range of 300°C to 700°C, and it was found that RuO2 crystallizes at a temperature as low as 400°C. The crystallinity of the films improves with increased annealing temperature and the resistivity decreases from 4.86µΩ-m (films annealed at 400°C) to 2.94pµΩ (films annealed at 700°C). Ageing of the precursor solution has a pronounced effect on the measured resistivities of RuO2 thin films. It was found that the measured room temperature resistivities increases from 2.94µΩ-m to 45.7µΩ-m when the precursor sol is aged for aged 60 days. AFM analysis on the aged films shows that the grain size and the surface roughness of the annealed films increase with the ageing of the precursor solution. From XPS analysis we have detected the presence of non-transformed RuCl3 in case of films prepared from aged solution. We propose, that solution ageing inhibits the transformation of RuCl3 to RuO2 during the annealing of the films. The deterioration of the conductivity with solution ageing is thought to be related with the chloride contamination in the annealed films.
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Mahurkar S, Bhaskar S, Reddy DN, Rao GV, Singh SP, Thomas V, Chandak GR. The G191R variant in the PRSS2 gene does not play a role in protection against tropical calcific pancreatitis. Gut 2009; 58:881-2. [PMID: 19433599 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.170753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yajnik CS, Janipalli CS, Bhaskar S, Kulkarni SR, Freathy RM, Prakash S, Mani KR, Weedon MN, Kale SD, Deshpande J, Krishnaveni GV, Veena SR, Fall CHD, McCarthy MI, Frayling TM, Hattersley AT, Chandak GR. FTO gene variants are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in South Asian Indians. Diabetologia 2009; 52:247-52. [PMID: 19005641 PMCID: PMC2658005 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND HYPOTHESIS Variants of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes in white Europeans, but these associations are not consistent in Asians. A recent study in Asian Indian Sikhs showed an association with type 2 diabetes that did not seem to be mediated through BMI. We studied the association of FTO variants with type 2 diabetes and measures of obesity in South Asian Indians in Pune. METHODS We genotyped, by sequencing, two single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs9939609 and rs7191344, in the FTO gene in 1,453 type 2 diabetes patients and 1,361 controls from Pune, Western India and a further 961 population-based individuals from Mysore, South India. RESULTS We observed a strong association of the minor allele A at rs9939609 with type 2 diabetes (OR per allele 1.26; 95% CI 1.13-1.40; p = 3 x 10(-5)). The variant was also associated with BMI but this association appeared to be weaker (0.06 SDs; 95% CI 0.01-0.10) than the previously reported effect in Europeans (0.10 SDs; 95% CI 0.09-0.12; heterogeneity p = 0.06). Unlike in the Europeans, the association with type 2 diabetes remained significant after adjusting for BMI (OR per allele for type 2 diabetes 1.21; 95% CI 1.06-1.37; p = 4.0 x 10(-3)), and also for waist circumference and other anthropometric variables. CONCLUSIONS Our study replicates the strong association of FTO variants with type 2 diabetes and similar to the study in North Indians Sikhs, shows that this association may not be entirely mediated through BMI. This could imply underlying differences between Indians and Europeans in the mechanisms linking body size with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Yajnik
- Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Research Centre, Rasta Peth, Pune, India
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Darji P, Vijayaraghavan R, Thiagarajan CM, Sharma RK, Subbarao B, Pishardy R, Dakshinamurthy KV, Vijaykumar R, Abraham G, Bhaskar S, Agarwal L, Shah B, Abraham A, John M, Sampathkumar K, Das T, Umesh L, Sundar S, Ballal H, Jasuja S, Saxena S, Saha TK. Conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in renal transplant recipients with gastrointestinal tract disorders. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:2262-7. [PMID: 18790208 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the effect of conversion from mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) in renal transplant recipients with gastrointestinal tract (GI) reverse effects using patient-reported outcomes instrument. METHODS A multicenter, open-label, prospective study was undertaken in renal transplant recipients treated with MMF. In patients experiencing GI tract symptoms, treatment was changed to equimolar EC-MPS (myfortic). At baseline and visit 2 (4-6 weeks after baseline), patients completed the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), and physicians completed the Overall Treatment Effect (OTE) scale at visit 2. A difference of 0.5 or greater in the OTE score is indicative of clinical relevance. RESULTS Of 154 patients screened, 118 fulfilled the inclusion or exclusion criteria. Eighty-five men and 33 women with a mean age of 41.6 years participated in this study. Median time since transplantation was 12 months. Mean (SD) dose of MMF reported at baseline was 1209.4 (422.89) mg/d. More than 50% of patients reported MMF-associated nausea, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. After conversion to an equimolar dose of EC-MPS, patients showed improvement in GI symptoms. This benefit was predominantly observed in patients with moderate to severe symptoms at baseline. On the GSRS, patients reported a significant (P < .05) reduction in symptom burden across all parameters (reflux, 36%; diarrhea, 38%; indigestion, 36%; constipation, 28%; and abdominal pain, 40%). On the GIQLI also, significant (P < .05) improvement was reported (symptoms, 18%; emotional status, 22%; physical functioning, 21%, and use of medical treatment, 18%). On the OTE scale, 84.7% of patients reported improvement in GI symptoms. CONCLUSION In patients with moderate to severe GI symptoms, changing treatment from MMF to EC-MPS significantly reduces GI-related symptom burden and improves GI-specific quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Darji
- Gujarat Kidney Foundation, Ahmedabad, India.
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Bhaskar S, Madhubashini M, Venkat P, Dhanvanth B, Purushothaman KR, Srinivasan S, Shilpa K, Samoya L, O'Connor WN. Primary angiosarcoma spleen-rare asymptomatic presentation. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.21522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Satpathy K, Jebakumar K, Bhaskar S. A novel technique for the measurement of temperature in outflow water from a coastal power plant, with notes on chlorination and phytoplankton determinations. J Therm Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pratap B, Sundaram V, Abraham G, Matthew M, Bhaskar S. Cessation of galactorrhea in a chronic kidney disease patient with non-tumoral hyperprolactinemia after renal transplantation. J Assoc Physicians India 2008; 56:54-55. [PMID: 18472504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Janakiraman H, Abraham G, Mathew M, Lalitha MK, Bhaskar S. Relapsing peritonitis due to co-infection with Mycobacterium triviale and Candida albicans in a CAPD patient. Perit Dial Int 2007; 27:311-3. [PMID: 17468481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
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Chandak GR, Janipalli CS, Bhaskar S, Kulkarni SR, Mohankrishna P, Hattersley AT, Frayling TM, Yajnik CS. Common variants in the TCF7L2 gene are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Indian population. Diabetologia 2007; 50:63-7. [PMID: 17093941 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND HYPOTHESIS India has the greatest number of diabetic subjects in any one country, but the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus in India is poorly understood. Common non-coding variants in the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) have recently been strongly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in European populations. We investigated whether TCF7L2 variants are also associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We genotyped type 2 diabetes patients (n = 955) and ethnically matched control subjects (n = 399) by sequencing three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs4506565) in TCF7L2. RESULTS We observed a strong association with all the polymorphisms, including rs12255372 (odds ratio [OR] 1.50 [95% CI = 1.24-1.82], p = 4.0 x 10(-5)), rs4506565 (OR 1.48 [95% CI = 1.24-1.77], p = 2.0 x 10(-5)) and rs7903146 (OR 1.46 [95% CI = 1.22-1.75], p = 3.0 x 10(-5)). All three variants showed increased relative risk when homozygous rather than heterozygous, with the strongest risk for rs12255372 (OR 2.28 [95% CI = 1.40-3.72] vs OR 1.43 [95% CI = 1.11-1.83]). We found no association of the TCF7L2 genotypes with age at diagnosis, BMI or WHR, but the risk genotype at rs12255372 was associated with higher fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.001), higher 2-h plasma glucose (p = 0.0002) and higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R; p = 0.012) in non-diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study in Indian subjects replicates the strong association of TCF7L2 variants with type 2 diabetes in other populations. It also provides evidence that variations in TCF7L2 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes by influencing both insulin secretion and insulin resistance. TCF7L2 is an important gene for determining susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus and it transgresses the boundaries of ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Chandak
- Genome Research Group, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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Upadhyay P, Hanif M, Bhaskar S. Visual detection of IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples using a test based on colloidal gold and latex beads. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12:1118-22. [PMID: 17002612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The IS6110 sequence was detected visually in sputum samples of tuberculosis patients using a bi-probe system. One of the probes was an oligonucleotide conjugated to colloidal gold particles, complementary to one end of the target strand. The other probe was an oligonucleotide conjugated to latex beads complementary to the other end of the target strand. In a reaction mix, these two probes bind to the target strand, and the latex beads are then separated by filtration. Bound latex beads have gold colloid particles at the other end of the target strand. These gold colloid particles were made visible to the naked eye by silver autometallography on the 'invisible' colloidal gold particles. The lower detection limit was 50 ng of genomic DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This new test, together with conventional PCR, was performed on DNA extracted from sputum samples of suspected tuberculosis patients. The new test was simple to perform, the results were visible to the naked eye, and the test was highly specific, as even single point mutations in the target strand sequence could be differentiated. The test could be useful in field-level laboratories because it requires no sophisticated equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Upadhyay
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Tropical calcific pancreatitis (TCP) is a type of chronic pancreatitis unique to countries in the tropics. Mutations in pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (SPINK1) rather than cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) explain the disease in only 50% of TCP patients. As cathepsin B (CTSB) is known to activate cationic trypsinogen, we attempted to understand the role of CTSB mutations in TCP. Evidence of epistatic interaction was investigated with the previously associated N34S SPINK1 allele, a variant considered to be a modifier rather than a true susceptibility allele. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We sequenced the coding region of CTSB gene in 51 TCP patients and 25 controls and further genotyped 89 patients and 130 controls from the same cohort for Leu26Val, C595T, T663C, and Ser53Gly polymorphisms. The positive findings observed in the earlier cohort were re-examined in an ethnically matched replication cohort comprising 166 patients and 175 controls. Appropriate statistical analyses were performed and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing was applied. RESULTS We found a statistically significant association of the Val26 allele at Leu26Val polymorphism with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.15 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60-2.90 (p = 0.009)), after Bonferroni correction (corrected p value = 0.025). This significant association of Leu26Val with TCP was replicated in another cohort (OR 2.10 (95% CI 1.56-2.84); p = 0.013). Val26 allele also showed significantly higher frequency in N34S positive and N34S negative patients than in controls (p = 0.019 and 0.013, respectively). We also found significant differences in the mutant allele frequencies at Ser53Gly and C595T single nucleotide polymorphisms between N34S positive patients and controls (p = 0.008 and 0.001, respectively). Although haplotype analysis did not complement the results of allelic association, it did uncover a unique haplotype protective for TCP (p = 0.0035). CONCLUSION Our study suggests for the first time that CTSB polymorphisms are associated with TCP. As PRSS1 mutations are absent in TCP and the N34S SPINK1 mutation is proposed to play a modifier role, these variants may be critical as a trigger for cationic trypsinogen activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahurkar
- Genome Research Group, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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Ratner D, Louria D, Sheffet A, Fain R, Curran J, Saed N, Bhaskar S, Quereshi M, Cable G. Wealth from Health: an incentive program for disease and population management: a 12-year project. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:184-204. [PMID: 16398037 DOI: 10.1097/00129234-200109000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The future of healthcare is linked with its ability to face the challenges of consumerism. Disease and population management will represent the dominant style of healthcare delivery in the future. This article describes the Wealth from Health programs which utilize current and future technologies to help the healthcare system become a leader in healthcare delivery and to assist many communities at an affordable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ratner
- Overlook Hospital, 99 Beauvoir Avenue, Summit, NJ 07901, USA
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