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Garry DJ, Weiner JI, Greising SM, Garry MG, Sachs DH. Mechanisms and strategies to promote cardiac xenotransplantation. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 172:109-119. [PMID: 36030840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
End stage heart failure is a terminal disease, and the only curative therapy is orthotopic heart transplantation. Due to limited organ availability, alternative strategies have received intense interest for treatment of patients with advanced heart failure. Recent studies using gene-edited porcine organs suggest that cardiac xenotransplantation may provide a future source of organs. In this review, we highlight the historical milestones for cardiac xenotransplantation and the gene editing strategies designed to overcome immunological barriers, which have culminated in a recent cardiac pig-to-human xenotransplant. We also discuss recent results of studies on the engineering of human-porcine chimeric organs that may provide an alternative and complementary strategy to overcome some of the major immunological barriers to producing a new source of transplantable organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; NorthStar Genomics, Eagan, MN, United States of America.
| | - Joshua I Weiner
- Departments of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sarah M Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Mary G Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; NorthStar Genomics, Eagan, MN, United States of America
| | - David H Sachs
- Departments of Surgery, Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
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2
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Sierra-Pagan JE, Garry DJ. The regulatory role of pioneer factors during cardiovascular lineage specification – A mini review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972591. [PMID: 36082116 PMCID: PMC9445115 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death worldwide. Ischemic heart disease contributes to heart failure and has considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. One class of epigenetic regulators known as pioneer factors has emerged as an important tool for the development of regenerative therapies for the treatment of CVD. Pioneer factors bind closed chromatin and remodel it to drive lineage specification. Here, we review pioneer factors within the cardiovascular lineage, particularly during development and reprogramming and highlight the implications this field of research has for the future development of cardiac specific regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E. Sierra-Pagan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Daniel J. Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Daniel J. Garry
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3
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Derežanin L, Blažytė A, Dobrynin P, Duchêne DA, Grau JH, Jeon S, Kliver S, Koepfli KP, Meneghini D, Preick M, Tomarovsky A, Totikov A, Fickel J, Förster DW. Multiple types of genomic variation contribute to adaptive traits in the mustelid subfamily Guloninae. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2898-2919. [PMID: 35334142 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Species of the mustelid subfamily Guloninae inhabit diverse habitats on multiple continents, and occupy a variety of ecological niches. They differ in feeding ecologies, reproductive strategies and morphological adaptations. To identify candidate loci associated with adaptations to their respective environments, we generated a de novo assembly of the tayra (Eira barbara), the earliest diverging species in the subfamily, and compared this with the genomes available for the wolverine (Gulo gulo) and the sable (Martes zibellina). Our comparative genomic analyses included searching for signs of positive selection, examining changes in gene family sizes, as well as searching for species-specific structural variants (SVs). Among candidate loci associated with phenotypic traits, we observed many related to diet, body condition and reproduction. For example, for the tayra, which has an atypical gulonine reproductive strategy of aseasonal breeding, we observe species-specific changes in many pregnancy-related genes. For the wolverine, a circumpolar hypercarnivore that must cope with seasonal food scarcity, we observed many changes in genes associated with diet and body condition. All types of genomic variation examined (single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene family expansions, structural variants) contributed substantially to the identification of candidate loci. This strongly argues for consideration of variation other than single nucleotide polymorphisms in comparative genomics studies aiming to identify loci of adaptive significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Derežanin
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW, Alfred Kowalke Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Asta Blažytė
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pavel Dobrynin
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - David A Duchêne
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - José Horacio Grau
- amedes Genetics, amedes Medizinische Dienstleistungen GmbH, Jägerstr. 61, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sungwon Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.,Clinomics Inc, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergei Kliver
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, 8/2 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Klaus-Peter Koepfli
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA.,Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Species Survival, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA, 22630, USA
| | - Dorina Meneghini
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW, Alfred Kowalke Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michaela Preick
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, OT, Germany
| | - Andrey Tomarovsky
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, 8/2 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova str, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Azamat Totikov
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, 49 Kronverkskiy Pr, 197101, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS, 8/2 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova str, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Jörns Fickel
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW, Alfred Kowalke Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, OT, Germany
| | - Daniel W Förster
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW, Alfred Kowalke Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Shrestha S, Lamattina A, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Ng J, Liu X, Sonawane A, Imani J, Qiu W, Kosmas K, Louis P, Hentschel A, Steagall WK, Onishi R, Christou H, Henske EP, Glass K, Perrella MA, Moss J, Tantisira K, El-Chemaly S. ETV2 regulates PARP-1 binding protein to induce ER stress-mediated death in tuberin-deficient cells. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/5/e202201369. [PMID: 35181635 PMCID: PMC8860090 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare progressive disease, characterized by mutations in the tuberous sclerosis complex genes (TSC1 or TSC2) and hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Here, we report that E26 transformation-specific (ETS) variant transcription factor 2 (ETV2) is a critical regulator of Tsc2-deficient cell survival. ETV2 nuclear localization in Tsc2-deficient cells is mTORC1-independent and is enhanced by spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibition. In the nucleus, ETV2 transcriptionally regulates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 binding protein (PARPBP) mRNA and protein expression, partially reversing the observed down-regulation of PARPBP expression induced by mTORC1 blockade during treatment with both Syk and mTORC1 inhibitors. In addition, silencing Etv2 or Parpbp in Tsc2-deficient cells induced ER stress and increased cell death in vitro and in vivo. We also found ETV2 expression in human cells with loss of heterozygosity for TSC2, lending support to the translational relevance of our findings. In conclusion, we report a novel ETV2 signaling axis unique to Syk inhibition that promotes a cytocidal response in Tsc2-deficient cells and therefore maybe a potential alternative therapeutic target in LAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikshya Shrestha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Lamattina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez
- Division of Intramural Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Ng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhijeet Sonawane
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jewel Imani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosmas Kosmas
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierce Louis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Hentschel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy K Steagall
- Division of Intramural Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rieko Onishi
- Division of Intramural Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen Christou
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Perrella
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Division of Intramural Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Souheil El-Chemaly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Zhang J, Bolli R, Garry DJ, Marbán E, Menasché P, Zimmermann WH, Kamp TJ, Wu JC, Dzau VJ. Basic and Translational Research in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:2092-2105. [PMID: 34794691 PMCID: PMC9116459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to provide an important update on the recent preclinical and clinical trials using cell therapy strategies and engineered heart tissues for the treatment of postinfarction left ventricular remodeling and heart failure. In addition to the authors’ own works and opinions on the roadblocks of the field, they discuss novel approaches for cardiac remuscularization via the activation of proliferative mechanisms in resident cardiomyocytes or direct reprogramming of somatic cells into cardiomyocytes. This paper’s main mindset is to present current and future strategies in light of their implications for the design of future patient trials with the ultimate objective of facilitating the translation of discoveries in regenerative myocardial therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles California, USA
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, University of Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, and DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Victor J Dzau
- Mandel Center for Hypertension Research, Duke Cardiovascular Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Fibroblast transition to an endothelial "trans" state improves cell reprogramming efficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22605. [PMID: 34799643 PMCID: PMC8604927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast reprogramming offers the potential for myocardial regeneration via in situ cell transdifferentiation. We explored a novel strategy leveraging endothelial cell plasticity to enhance reprogramming efficiency. Rat cardiac endothelial cells and fibroblasts were treated with Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) to assess the cardio-differentiation potential of these cells. The endothelial cell transdifferentiation factor ETV2 was transiently over-expressed in fibroblasts followed by GMT treatment to assess “trans-endothelial” cardio-differentiation. Endothelial cells treated with GMT generated more cTnT+ cells than did cardiac fibroblasts (13% ± 2% vs 4% ± 0.5%, p < 0.01). Cardiac fibroblasts treated with ETV2 demonstrated increased endothelial cell markers, and when then treated with GMT yielded greater prevalence of cells expressing cardiomyocyte markers including cTnT than did fibroblasts treated with GMT or ETV2 (10.3% ± 0.2% vs 1.7% ± 0.06% and 0.6 ± 0.03, p < 0.01). Rat cardiac fibroblasts treated with GMT + ETV2 demonstrated calcium transients upon electrical stimulation and contractility synchronous with surrounding neonatal cardiomyocytes, whereas cells treated with GMT or ETV2 alone failed to contract in co-culture experiments. Human cardiac fibroblasts treated with ETV2 and then GMT likewise demonstrated greater prevalence of cTnT expression than did cells treated with GMT alone (2.8-fold increase, p < 0.05). Cardiac fibroblast transitioning through a trans-endothelial state appears to enhance cardio-differentiation by enhancing fibroblast plasticity.
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7
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Adelson RP, Palikuqi B, Weiss Z, Checco A, Schreiner R, Rafii S, Rabbany SY. Morphological characterization of Etv2 vascular explants using fractal analysis and atomic force microscopy. Microvasc Res 2021; 138:104205. [PMID: 34146583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rapid engraftment of vascular networks is critical for functional incorporation of tissue explants. However, existing methods for inducing angiogenesis utilize approaches that yield vasculature with poor temporal stability or inadequate mechanical integrity, which reduce their robustness in vivo. The transcription factor Ets variant 2 (Etv2) specifies embryonic hematopoietic and vascular endothelial cell (EC) development, and is transiently reactivated during postnatal vascular regeneration and tumor angiogenesis. This study investigates the role for Etv2 upregulation in forming stable vascular beds both in vitro and in vivo. Control and Etv2+ prototypical fetal-derived human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and adult ECs were angiogenically grown into vascular beds. These vessel beds were characterized using fractal dimension and lacunarity, to quantify their branching complexity and space-filling homogeneity, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to explore whether greater complexity and homogeneity lead to more mechanically stable vessels. Additionally, markers of EC integrity were used to probe for mechanistic clues. Etv2+ HUVECs exhibit greater branching, vessel density, and structural homogeneity, and decreased stiffness in vitro and in vivo, indicating a greater propensity for stable vessel formation. When co-cultured with colon tumor organoid tissue, Etv2+ HUVECs had decreased fractal dimension and lacunarity compared to Etv2+ HUVECs cultured alone, indicating that vessel density and homogeneity of vessel spacing increased due to the presence of Etv2. This study sets forth the novel concept that fractal dimension, lacunarity, and AFM are as informative as conventional angiogenic measurements, including vessel branching and density, to assess vascular perfusion and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Adelson
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Brisa Palikuqi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Weiss
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Checco
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Schreiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sina Y Rabbany
- Bioengineering Program, DeMatteis School of Engineering and Applied Science, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Singh BN, Sierra-Pagan JE, Gong W, Das S, Theisen JWM, Skie E, Garry MG, Garry DJ. ETV2 (Ets Variant Transcription Factor 2)- Rhoj Cascade Regulates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration During Embryogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2875-2890. [PMID: 33115267 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial progenitors migrate early during embryogenesis to form the primary vascular plexus. The regulatory mechanisms that govern their migration are not completely defined. Here, we describe a novel role for ETV2 (Ets variant transcription factor 2) in cell migration and provide evidence for an ETV2-Rhoj network as a mechanism responsible for this process. Approach and Results: Analysis of RNAseq datasets showed robust enrichment of migratory/motility pathways following overexpression of ETV2 during mesodermal differentiation. We then analyzed ETV2 chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq and assay for transposase accessible chromatin-seq datasets, which showed enrichment of chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq peaks with increased chromatin accessibility in migratory genes following overexpression of ETV2. Migratory assays showed that overexpression of ETV2 enhanced cell migration in mouse embryonic stem cells, embryoid bodies, and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Knockout of Etv2 led to migratory defects of Etv2-EYFP+ angioblasts to their predefined regions of developing embryos relative to wild-type controls at embryonic day (E) 8.5, supporting its role during migration. Mechanistically, we showed that ETV2 binds the promoter region of Rhoj serving as an upstream regulator of cell migration. Single-cell RNAseq analysis of Etv2-EYFP+ sorted cells revealed coexpression of Etv2 and Rhoj in endothelial progenitors at E7.75 and E8.25. Overexpression of ETV2 led to a robust increase in Rhoj in both embryoid bodies and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, whereas, its expression was abolished in the Etv2 knockout embryoid bodies. Finally, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Rhoj resulted in migration defects, which were partially rescued by overexpression of ETV2. CONCLUSIONS These results define an ETV2-Rhoj cascade, which is important for the regulation of endothelial progenitor cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhairab N Singh
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute (B.N.S., J.E.S.-P., W.G., S.D., J.W.M.T., E.S., M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Javier E Sierra-Pagan
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute (B.N.S., J.E.S.-P., W.G., S.D., J.W.M.T., E.S., M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Wuming Gong
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute (B.N.S., J.E.S.-P., W.G., S.D., J.W.M.T., E.S., M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Satyabrata Das
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute (B.N.S., J.E.S.-P., W.G., S.D., J.W.M.T., E.S., M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Joshua W M Theisen
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute (B.N.S., J.E.S.-P., W.G., S.D., J.W.M.T., E.S., M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Department of Pediatrics (J.W.M.T.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Erik Skie
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute (B.N.S., J.E.S.-P., W.G., S.D., J.W.M.T., E.S., M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Mary G Garry
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute (B.N.S., J.E.S.-P., W.G., S.D., J.W.M.T., E.S., M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center (M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Stem Cell Institute (M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute (B.N.S., J.E.S.-P., W.G., S.D., J.W.M.T., E.S., M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center (M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Stem Cell Institute (M.G.G., D.J.G.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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9
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Circ-ZNF124 downregulation inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression partly by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via mediating the miR-498/YES1 axis. Anticancer Drugs 2020; 32:257-268. [PMID: 33186139 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major type of lung cancer, leading to a high fatality rate. The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cancer has been increasingly emphasized and studied. However, the function of circ-ZNF124 in NSCLC is largely unclear, and associated regulatory mechanism is not studied. Here, we examined the expression pattern of circ-ZNF124 using quantitative real-time PCR. For functional analysis, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis/cycle and cell invasion were investigated using MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, flow cytometry assay and transwell assay, respectively. As results, we found that the expression of circ-ZNF124 was elevated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Functionally, circ-ZNF124 downregulation inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation and invasion but induced apoptosis and cycle arrest in vitro, and blocked tumor growth in vivo by animal experiments. Mechanistically, we identified that miR-498 was a target of circ-ZNF124, and miR-498 directly bound to YES proto-oncogene 1 (YES1). Besides, rescue experiments discovered that the cellular effects caused by circ-ZNF124 downregulation could be reversed by miR-498 inhibition or YES1 overexpression. Moreover, we discovered that circ-ZNF124 downregulation inactivated the expression of β-catenin and c-Myc by mediating the miR-498/YES axis. In conclusion, these findings supported that circ-ZNF124 regulated the expression of YES1 by acting as a sponge of miR-498, thus restraining NSCLC development by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which provided a novel strategy to treat NSCLC.
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