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Alnazeh AA. Pretreatment of enamel with Riboflavin activated photodynamic therapy and Er, Cr: YSGG laser for bonding of orthodontic bracket with adhesive modified with cerium oxide nanoparticles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 49:104285. [PMID: 39038506 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the degree of conversion (DC) and shear bond strength (SBS) of experimental adhesive (EA) infused with and without 1 % Cerium oxide (CeO₂)-NPs on metallic bracket bonded to enamel conditioned with three different pretreatment regimes PDT-activated (Riboflavin) RF, ECY (Er, Cr: YSGG), and Phosphoric acid (PA). MATERIAL AND METHOD EA and EA modified with 1 % CeO₂-NPs were prepared. Characterization of CeO2NPs was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seventy-two premolars extracted due to periodontal or orthodontic reasons were disinfected. Samples were mounted and allocated into three groups according to enamel surface treatment before bracket bonding. Samples in Group 1 were pretreated with Traditional 37 % PA-gel; Specimens in Group 2 surface treated with RF-activated PDT, and samples in Group 3 were conditioned using ECY. Brackets were placed on conditioned surfaces and samples were aged and underwent SBS testing using UTM. ARI index was used to assess bond failure. DC was evaluated for both adhesives using FTIR. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to compare the means and standard deviation (SD) of SBS and DC in different experimental groups. RESULTS Enamel conditioned with PA and RF activated by PDT demonstrated comparable bond values with 1 % CeO2 infused in EA and EA (p>0.05).ARI analysis shows that enamel conditioned with PA and RF activated by PDT showed the majority of failure types between 1 and 2 irrespective of the type of adhesive. DC value in EA (73.28±8.37) was the highest and comparable to 1 % CeO2 infused in EA (66.48±6.81) CONCLUSION: RF-activated PDT can be used alternatively to 37 % PA for enamel conditioning when bonding metallic brackets. Infiltration of 1 % CeO2 NPs in EA improves SBS irrespective of the type of enamel conditioning. Infusion of 1 % CeO2 NPs in EA demonstrates no significant difference in DC compared to EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alnazeh
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia.
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Hasan ZR, Al-Hasani NR, Ibrahim AI. Surface Roughness Examination of Glass Ionomer Restorative Cements Treated with Acidic and Basic Pediatric Medications: An In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2024; 14:287-294. [PMID: 39380924 PMCID: PMC11458089 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_212_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of different types of beverages and liquid drugs can affect of the surface properties of restorative material. This may lead to an increased probability of dental caries and periodontal inflammation. Aim This study evaluated and compared the effect of amoxicillin suspension (AMS) and azithromycin suspension (AZS) on the surface roughness (SR) of silver-reinforced glass ionomer (SGI) and nano resin-modified glass ionomer (NGI). Material and Methods Thirty disks (2 mm height × 4 mm diameter) of each glass ionomer (GI) type were prepared and subdivided into three groups (n = 10), which were separately exposed to AMS, AZS, and artificial saliva (AS). SR was evaluated by atomic force microscopy before and after three-immersion protocols repeated over a 3-week duration with 2-day intervals. In each protocol, the GI samples were exposed weekly to AMS three times daily, AZS once daily, and a full day to AS. Results This study demonstrated, for the first time, the effect of a basic drug (AZS) on the SR of GIs. Intra- and inter-group comparisons showed significant changes (P ˂ 0.05) in the SR pattern of the GIs after immersion cycles in AZS, AMS, and AS. However, the acidic medication (AMS) exhibited significantly higher changes in SGI than in NGI. Conclusions The SR of NGIs and SGIs can be significantly affected by the use of AMS and AZS suspensions. SGI demonstrated higher SR deterioration than NGI after immersion cycles in AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab R Hasan
- Pedodontics Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noor R Al-Hasani
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Ibrahim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Hu M, Cao Y, Wu X, Jiang Q, Zhu F. Effect of fence tray matching care on excess adhesive and bracket placement accuracy for orthodontic bonding: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:555. [PMID: 38735948 PMCID: PMC11089685 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fence tray matching care (FTMC) in bracket bonding by measuring excess adhesive, as well as linear and angular deviations, and by comparing it with the half-wrapped tray (HWT). MATERIALS AND METHODS An intraoral scanner was used to acquire data on the maxillary dental arch of a patient with periodontitis.Furthermore, 20 maxillary dental arch models were 3D printed. Using 3Shape, PlastyCAD software, and 3D printing technology, 10 FTMC (method I) and HWT (method II) were obtained. By preoperative preparation, intraoperative coordination, and postoperative measurement, the brackets were transferred from the trays to the 3D-printed maxillary dental arch models. Additionally, the bracket's excess adhesive as well as linear and angular deviations were measured, and the differences between the two methods were analyzed. RESULTS Excess adhesive was observed in both methods, with FTMC showing less adhesive (P< 0.001), with a statistical difference. Furthermore, HWT's vertical, tip and torque, which was significantly greater than FTMC (P< 0.05), with no statistical difference among other respects. The study data of incisors, canines, and premolars, showed that the premolars had more adhesive residue and were more likely to have linear and angular deviations. CONCLUSIONS The FTMC had higher bracket bonding effect in comparison to HWT, and the adhesive residue, linear and angular deviations are smaller. The fence tray offers an intuitive view of the precise bonding of the bracket, and can remove excess adhesive to prevent white spot lesions via care, providing a different bonding method for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Hu
- Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Yannan Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, 215005, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Fangyong Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 1000 Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, China.
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Nawrocka A, Nowak J, Sauro S, Hardan L, Bourgi R, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Shear Bond Strength of Metal and Ceramic Brackets Depending on Etching Protocol in Direct Bonding Technique. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6697. [PMID: 37895679 PMCID: PMC10608197 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Successful orthodontic therapy, apart from a proper treatment plan, depends on optimal bracket-enamel adhesion. Among numerous factors affecting adhesion, the type of bracket and preparation of the tooth's surface are crucial. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets to the enamel's surface using direct bonding. Forty extracted human premolars were divided into four groups according to the etching method (etch-and-rinse and self-etch) and bracket type. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were determined. The ceramic brackets achieved the highest SBS values both in the self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (ER) protocols. Higher SBS values for ceramic and metallic brackets were found in the ER protocol. In all tested groups, the achieved SBS value was satisfactory to withstand orthodontic and occlusal forces. There was no significant difference in the ARI score between study groups (p = 0.71). The fracture occurred between the bracket base and adhesive material in both types of brackets, which decreased the risk of enamel damage during debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Nowak
- University Laboratory of Materials Research, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon; (L.H.); (R.B.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Paik Y, Kim MJ, Kim H, Kang SW, Choi YK, Kim YI. The Effect of Biomimetic Remineralization of Calcium Phosphate Ion Clusters-Treated Enamel Surfaces on Bracket Shear Bond Strength. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4365-4379. [PMID: 37545871 PMCID: PMC10402720 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s420462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the remineralization effect of calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) on demineralized enamel surfaces and their effects on bracket shear bond strength. Patients and Methods Extracted premolars were prepared in resin blocks. The samples in the form of resin blocks were divided into five experimental groups: control group, demineralized group, and groups of CPIC solution treatment for 30, 60, and 90s. The specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), microhardness testing, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment, shear bond strength (SBS) test, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score. Results The SEM images revealed epitaxial growth of enamel and a decrease in the thickness of the demineralized enamel layer when treated with CPIC solution. The EDX analysis revealed an increase in the Ca/P ratio in the CPIC-treated groups. The microhardness value significantly increased when treated with CPICs; however, it showed a lower value than that of the sound enamel groups. As a result of the micro-CT test, radiolucency decreased gradually as the CPIC treatment time increased. The SBS test and ARI score results showed an improvement in bonding stability after treatment with CPICs. Conclusion We demonstrated an enamel biomodification approach using CPIC solution treatment, which is a promising strategy for enamel remineralization. Specifically, remineralization of demineralized enamel improves the orthodontic bracket SBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youna Paik
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hyeryeong Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Kang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Youn-Kyung Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
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6
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Cadenaro M, Josic U, Maravić T, Mazzitelli C, Marchesi G, Mancuso E, Breschi L, Mazzoni A. Progress in Dental Adhesive Materials. J Dent Res 2023; 102:254-262. [PMID: 36694473 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based dental adhesive materials. Various attempts have been made to achieve versatility, introducing functional monomers and silanes into the materials' composition to enable the chemical reaction with tooth structure and restorative materials and a multimode use. The novel adhesive materials also tend to be simpler in terms of clinical use, requiring reduced number of steps, making them less technique sensitive. However, these materials must also be reliable and have a long-lasting bond with different substrates. In order to fulfill these arduous tasks, different chemical constituents and different techniques are continuously being developed and introduced into dental adhesive materials. This critical review aims to discuss the concepts behind novel monomers, bioactive molecules, and alternative techniques recently implemented in adhesive dentistry. Incorporating monomers that are more resistant to hydrolytic degradation and functional monomers that enhance the micromechanical retention and improve chemical interactions between adhesive resin materials and various substrates improved the performance of adhesive materials. The current trend is to blend bioactive molecules into adhesive materials to enhance the mechanical properties and prevent endogenous enzymatic degradation of the dental substrate, thus ensuring the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. Moreover, alternative etching materials and techniques have been developed to address the drawbacks of phosphoric acid dentin etching. Altogether, we are witnessing a dynamic era in adhesive dentistry, with advancements aiming to bring us closer to simple and reliable bonding. However, simplification and novelty should not be achieved at the expense of material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cadenaro
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo," Trieste, Italy
| | - U Josic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Maravić
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Mazzitelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Marchesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Mancuso
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna-Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
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Garma NMH, Ibrahim AI. Bond Strength Survival of a Novel Calcium Phosphate-Enriched Orthodontic Self-Etching System after Various Ageing Protocols: An In Vitro Study. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:3960362. [PMID: 36624858 PMCID: PMC9825208 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3960362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the orthodontic bond strength and enamel-preserving ability of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-containingself-etch system following exposure to various ageing methods. Materials and Methods Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) were incorporated into an orthodontic self-etch primer (SEP, Transbond™ plus) in three different concentrations (5%, 7%, and 9% wt) and tested versus the plain SEP (control) for shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores, and enamel damage in range-finding experiments using premolar teeth. The best-performing formulation was further exposed to the following four artificial ageing methods: initial debonding, 24 h water storage, one-month water storage, and one-month acid challenge. A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to examine the integrity of debonded enamel surfaces and calcium-phosphates (CaPs) reprecipitation. Results The best-performing formulation (7% nHAp-SEP) resulted in significantly lower SBS (p < 0.001) than the control SEP following the four artificial ageing methods. Nevertheless, it survived the ageing protocols and yielded clinically acceptable SBS with the advantages of leaving minimal adhesive residue, preserving enamel integrity and smoothness, and inducing CaP reprecipitation as confirmed by FE-SEM images. Conclusions A newly developed SEP produced adequate orthodontic bond strengths and left unblemished debonded enamel surfaces with minimal remnant adhesive and remineralisation potential, thereby suggesting simpler and safer bonding/debonding procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor M. H. Garma
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Ibrahim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Centre for Oral Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Garma NMH, Ibrahim AI. Development of a remineralizing calcium phosphate nanoparticle-containing self-etching system for orthodontic bonding. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1483-1497. [PMID: 36322155 PMCID: PMC10101901 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) or amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nACP) into a self-etch primer (SEP) to develop a simplified orthodontic bonding system with remineralizing and enamel preserving properties.
Materials and Methods
nHA and nACP were incorporated into a commercial SEP (Transbond™ plus) in 7% weight ratio and compared with the plain SEP as a control. Shear bond strengths (SBS), enamel damage, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated at 24 h and post 5000 thermocycling. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to inspect the distribution of the nanoparticles in the experimental SEPs and evaluate the enamel surface integrity both before bracket bonding and post bracket debonding. Phase determination and remineralizing capability of the modified SEP were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, respectively.
Results
The addition of nHA or nACP to the SEP significantly reduced the SBS, ARI, and enamel damage (p < 0.05) as compared to the control SEP; however, only nHA-SEP survived the thermocycling protocol and yielded acceptable SBS (13.38 MPa). Enamel remineralizing ability of the developed nHA-SEP was confirmed by both FESEM images and Raman phosphate map.
Conclusions
Incorporating nHA into SEP resulted in clinically acceptable bond strengths with remineralizing ability.
Clinical relevance
The newly developed nHA-SEP has unprecedented ability to simultaneously etch, prime, and remineralize the enamel in a single step leaving immaculate enamel surface with the potential of saving cost and time at the post-debonding step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor M. H. Garma
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Moadham Campus, Floor 4, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Ibrahim
- Orthodontic Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Bab Al-Moadham Campus, Floor 4, Baghdad, Iraq
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Kim H, Yoo KH, Yoon SY, Choi YK, Kim YI. A remineralizing orthodontic etchant that utilizes calcium phosphate ion clusters. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:944869. [PMID: 36118566 PMCID: PMC9473508 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.944869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether a phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution containing calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) could minimize enamel damage during long-term bracket bonding by dissolving the enamel surface and promoting enamel remineralization. The experimental design is as follows: first, three experimental etchants (H3PO4, CPICs-incorporated H3PO4 solution-I, and CPICs-incorporated H3PO4 solution-II) and two bonding resins (conventional orthodontic resin and self-adhesive orthodontic resin) were used in combination to create six groups, respectively. Each of these six groups was then divided into two sub-groups based on the presence or absence of thermocycling (TC). Twenty samples were assigned to each of the 12 groups (independent variables), and thus a total of 240 metal bracket-attached human premolars were used in this experiment. Bracket debonding was performed on each of 20 premolars in 12 groups, and shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) values were measured as dependent variables. Next, the three experimental etchants were applied (independent variables) to each of the three enamel samples, and the remineralization of the enamel surface was investigated as a dependent variable. The enamel surface was observed using electron scanning and atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum X-ray spectroscopy, and elemental mapping were performed, and the Knoop microhardness scale was measured. Therefore, the experiment was performed in two steps: SBS and ARI measurements for 12 groups, followed by observation of the enamel surface and microhardness measurements, according to the three types of etchants. As a result of the experiment, first, when the bracket was debonded, SBS did not decrease, and residual adhesive was hardly observed in the C2A group (before TC), C2A, and C1C groups (after TC) (p < 0.001). Second, the experimental etchant containing CPICs achieved remineralization while demineralizing the enamel. This was verified through SEM/EDX, element mapping, XRD, and AFM. Also, the roughness and microhardness of the enamel surface were better in the remineralized surface by the experimental etchant containing CPICs (p < 0.017). The CPICs-incorporated H3PO4 solution reduced ARI while maintaining SBS during bracket debonding, regardless of whether TC was performed or the type of resin. The etchant containing CPICs was also shown to remineralize the enamel and increase its microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeryeong Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyeon Yoo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seog-Young Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Youn-Kyung Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Youn-Kyung Choi, ; Yong-Il Kim,
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Youn-Kyung Choi, ; Yong-Il Kim,
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Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. Physico-mechanical properties, antimicrobial activities, and anti-biofilm potencies of orthodontic adhesive containing cerium oxide nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:252-259. [DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e60418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: White spot lesions around orthodontic brackets may lead to the formation of dental caries during and following fixed orthodontic treatment.
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the physico-mechanical properties and antimicrobial potencies of orthodontic adhesive doped with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) against Streptococcus mutans.
Materials and methods: After synthesis and conformation of CeO2-NPs by transmission electron microscope (TEM), shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of modified orthodontic adhesive containing different concentrations of CeO2-NPs (0, 1, 2, 5, and 10 wt%) were measured. The antimicrobial effects of modified orthodontic adhesive were evaluated by disk agar diffusion method and biofilm formation inhibition assay.
Results: The pseudo-spherical shapes of CeO2-NPs were observed in TEM micrographs. The physico-mechanical finding showed that 5 wt% CeO2-NPs showed the highest concentration of CeO2-NPs and SBS value (18.21±9.06 MPa, p<0.05) simultaneously with no significant differences in ARI compared with the control group (p>0.05). There was a significant reduction in cell viability of S. mutans with increasing CeO2-NPs concentration. The 3.1 Log10 and 4.6 Log10 reductions were observed in the count of treated S. mutans with 5 and 10 wt% CeO2-NPs, respectively (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Overall, an orthodontic adhesive containing 5 wt% CeO2-NPs had antimicrobial properties against S. mutans without adverse effects on SBS and ARI.
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Rodríguez-Chávez JA, Arenas-Alatorre JÁ, Flores-Ruiz HM, Aguilar-Pérez FJ, Flores-Ledesma A, Moreno-Vargas YA, Pesqueira-Melgarejo R. Correlation between dental enamel chemical composition and bracket debonding, comparing adhesive systems through a scanning electron microscope. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2567-2578. [PMID: 35349203 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Literature reports indicate that during bracket removal there can be enamel damage. We compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and tooth enamel loss of four adhesive systems and identify the Ca/P ratio. Then a total of 20 premolars were divided into four groups of five each. After prophylaxis, photographs were taken at 35× with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and analyzed with X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) at 250×. Brackets were bonded with Transbond™ MIP(G1), Transbond™ PLUS SEP(G2), Enlight(G3) and Stylus®(G4) adhesives, 24 h after were debonded with a Instron universal testing machine at 1 mm/min. All the brackets were photographed with the SEM. The amount of lost enamel was measured with AutoCad. All the results were measured with a significance level p < .05. The SBS general average at debonding was 7.94 ± 2.26 MPa, meanwhile the SBS for G1, G2, G3 and G4 was 9.38 ± 1.46, 6.28 ± 0.69, 9.08 ± 2.45 and 7.04 ± 2.64 MPa respectively. 90% of the samples had no enamel loss, 10% had enamel loss. Only two samples in G1 presented an enamel loss area of 0.34mm2 and 0.80mm2 respectively. From EDS analysis, the Ca/P ratio was 1.6 ± 0.05, 1.61 ± 0.03, 1.64 ± 0.83 and 1.59 ± 0.07 for G1, G2, G3 and G4 respectively; no statistically significant differences were found. We conclude that no association was found between the Ca/P ratio and enamel damage when brackets are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugo M Flores-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, CUValles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca, Mexico
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Huang Y, Cheng X, Chan U, Zheng L, Hu Y, Sun Y, Lai P, Dai J, Yang X. Virtual reality approach for orthodontic education at School of Stomatology, Jinan University. J Dent Educ 2022; 86:1025-1035. [DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Division of Histology and Embryology Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education Medical College Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Unman Chan
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Liyang Zheng
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yingwen Hu
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Yueting Sun
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Pengyu Lai
- School of Stomatology Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Dai
- Shanghai VR‐Sens Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education Medical College Jinan University Guangzhou China
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Nawrocka A, Piwonski I, Sauro S, Porcelli A, Hardan L, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Traditional Microscopic Techniques Employed in Dental Adhesion Research-Applications and Protocols of Specimen Preparation. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110408. [PMID: 34821624 PMCID: PMC8615842 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microscopy is a traditional method to perform ex vivo/in vitro dental research. Contemporary microscopic techniques offer the opportunity to observe dental tissues and materials up to nanoscale level. The aim of this paper was to perform a literature review on four microscopic methods, which are widely employed in dental studies concerning the evaluation of resin-dental adhesive interfaces-confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The literature search was performed using digital databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. On the basis of key words relevant to the topic and established eligibility criteria, finally 84 papers were included in the review. Presented microscopic techniques differ in their principle of operation and require specific protocols for specimen preparation. With regard to adhesion studies, microscopy assists in the description of several elements involved in adhesive bonding, as well as in the assessment of the condition of enamel surface and the most appropriate etching procedures. There are several factors determining the quality of the interaction between the substrates which could be recognized and a potential for further implementation of microscopic techniques in dental research could be recognized, especially when these techniques are used simultaneously or combined with spectroscopic methods. Through such microscopy techniques it is possible to provide clinically relevant conclusions and recommendations, which can be easily introduced for enamel-safe bonding and bonding protocols, as well as optimal pretreatments in dentine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Piwonski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Str., 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera C/Del Pozo ss/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Annalisa Porcelli
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon;
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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Hameed MS, Alkahtani ZM, Ajmal M, Kamran MA, Mannakandath ML, Alshahrani I. Bond assessment of enamel conditioned with Er, Cr: YSGG laser and methylene blue photosensitizer activated by photodynamic therapy to orthodontic metallic brackets. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102513. [PMID: 34469793 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess bond integrity and failure mode after enamel pretreated with conventional and contemporary conditioning methods were bonded to metallic brackets (MB). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty maxillary central incisors were selected and disinfected. All specimens were mounted up to the cement-o-enamel junction and divided into four experimental groups randomly based on the enamel conditioning technique. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was used to condition enamel in group 1, Total-etch and rinse (TER) was used to treat samples in group 2, Specimens in group 3 were conditioned with ECL, and samples in group 4 surface pretreated with SEP. Bonding of MB was performed on the surfaces of all the specimens with a Transbond XT. Specimens from all investigated groups were positioned on a universal testing machine maintaining buccal surfaces similar to the direction of the force. After bracket debonding bond failure was assessed using ARI. The bond integrity of all four groups was compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post hoc Tukey test was used for pairwise comparison among different groups. RESULTS Group 2, TER+MB (15.38±0.14 MPa) displayed the highest bond value whereas the lowest values of SBS were exhibited by group 1, PDT+MB (10.11±0.17 MPa). The inter-group comparison revealed that specimens of group 2 and group 3, ECL+MB (14.61±0.55 MPa) demonstrated comparable bond strength (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Enamel conditioned with TER and ECL demonstrated comparable SBS. However, bond integrity after PDT and SEP (self-etch primer) surface treatment of enamel bonded with MB significantly lowered bond values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahul Hameed
- Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zuhair M Alkahtani
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Ajmal
- Diagnostic Sciences and Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ibrahim Alshahrani
- Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Ok U, Aksakalli S, Eren E, Kechagia N. Single-component orthodontic adhesives: comparison of the clinical and in vitro performance. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3987-3999. [PMID: 33404765 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical and in vitro performance of single-component orthodontic adhesives under metal brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bimaxillary orthodontic treatment was required for sixty patients and 60 premolar teeth were divided into three groups (n: 20). The single-component orthodontic adhesives Biofix and GC Ortho Connect (GC) that did not require primers were compared to the control group using Transbond XT, which was applied with a primer. For each patient, total bonding time was measured. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI(Bracket)) score was noted over 12 months. In vitro tests were used to evaluate specimens, shear bond strength (SBS), ARI(Bracket), and Enamel Surface Index (ESI). After in vitro debonding, the enamel surface and bracket base were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). RESULTS Clinical failure rate with primer was 9.0%, while it was 8.0 and 10.0 for GC and Biofix, respectively. The mean in vitro SBS values of the Biofix, GC, and Transbond XT groups were 8.21, 8.07, and 7.37 MPa, respectively. There were no statistically differences in clinical failure (p = 0.160) and SBS values (p = 0.158). Mean differences in bond-up time per jaw were 9.65, 10.51, and 11.97 min, which were statistically significant (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Single-component adhesives had acceptable SBS values and enamel effects according to SEM-EDX analysis. Clinically, bonding failure was not shown statistically inferior to bonding with primer. There was also a significant difference in bond-up times. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Considering an intensely working clinic with bonding processes for at least two jaws per day, this means a saving of the chair time of 1 patient per week. However, better saliva contamination and moisture control with lack of the primer stage and, thereby, an acceptable bracket failure rate will bring clinically significant results with less chair time for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Ok
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Florya, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sertac Aksakalli
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Florya, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Eren
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Florya, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nourtzan Kechagia
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Florya, 34295, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Abdelaziz KM, Alshahrani I, Kamran MA, Alnazeh A. Debonding characteristics of orthodontic brackets subjected to intraoral stresses under different adhesive regimes: An in-vitro study. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2020; 18:2280800019899640. [PMID: 32238026 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019899640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of simulated intraoral hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical stresses on the debonding characteristics of orthodontic brackets under different adhesive regimes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of pre-coated (G1) and non-coated (G2) orthodontic metal brackets were bonded onto the buccal surfaces of 96 premolars using etch-and-rinse (SG1, n = 24) and self-etch (SG2, n = 24) primers. Twelve specimens (C1) from each subgroup were subjected to early debonding resistance tests, while the other twelve (C2) were used to test delayed debonding resistance after exposure to conditions simulating intraoral hydraulic, thermal, and mechanical stresses. The debonding resistance of the brackets was evaluated using a universal testing machine and the debonding patterns were micro-visualized to determine the adhesive remnant indexes of subgroups of specimens. RESULTS Within each group, the etch-and-rinse primer (SG1) resulted in higher debonding resistance than self-etch primers (SG2) (p < 0.05), while there was no difference between non-stressed and stressed specimens (p > 0.05). Within each category of test specimens, there was no difference between pre-coated (G1) and non-coated (G2) brackets (p > 0.05). The tested specimens in all categories showed comparable adhesive remnant indexes. However, higher percentages of favorable scores (0 and 1) were obtained for all stressed specimens. CONCLUSIONS Short-term cumulative intraoral stresses have no adverse effect on the debonding values of either pre-coated or non-coated brackets when either etch-and-rinse or self-etch primer is used for bonding. Exposure of the bonded brackets to different types of stress reflects favorable debonding patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Abdelaziz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alshahrani
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alnazeh
- Department of Orthodontics and Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Ibrahim AI, Al-Hasani NR, Thompson VP, Deb S. Resistance of bonded premolars to four artificial ageing models post enamel conditioning with a novel calcium-phosphate paste. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e317-e326. [PMID: 32382380 PMCID: PMC7195685 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This in vitro study compares a novel calcium-phosphate etchant paste to conventional 37% phosphoric acid gel for bonding metal and ceramic brackets by evaluating the shear bond strength, remnant adhesive and enamel damage following water storage, acid challenge and fatigue loading.
Material and Methods Metal and ceramic brackets were bonded to 240 extracted human premolars using two enamel conditioning protocols: conventional 37% phosphoric acid (PA) gel (control), and an acidic calcium-phosphate (CaP) paste. The CaP paste was prepared from β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with 37% phosphoric acid solution, and the resulting phase was confirmed using FTIR. The bonded premolars were exposed to four artificial ageing models to examine the shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI score), with stereomicroscopic evaluation of enamel damage.
Results Metal and ceramic control subgroups yielded significantly higher (p < 0.05) SBS (17.1-31.8 MPa) than the CaP subgroups (11.4-23.8 MPa) post all artificial ageing protocols, coupled with higher ARI scores and evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the CaP subgroups survived all artificial ageing tests by maintaining adequate SBS for clinical performance, with the advantages of leaving unblemished enamel surface and bracket failures at the enamel-adhesive interface.
Conclusions Enamel conditioning with acidic CaP pastes attained adequate bond strengths with no or minimal adhesive residue and enamel damage, suggesting a suitable alternative to the conventional PA gel for orthodontic bonding. Key words:Enamel etching, calcium phosphate, bracket bond strength, adhesive residue, enamel damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali I Ibrahim
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noor R Al-Hasani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Van P Thompson
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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