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Cuena Lombraña A, Dessì L, Podda L, Fois M, Luna B, Porceddu M, Bacchetta G. The Effect of Heat Shock on Seed Dormancy Release and Germination in Two Rare and Endangered Astragalus L. Species (Fabaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:484. [PMID: 38498413 PMCID: PMC10892968 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Many Astragalus species exhibit seeds with physical dormancy (PY), but little is known about the ecological context of this dormancy. We focused on A. maritimus and A. verrucosus, two threatened Sardinian endemic species inside the subgenus Trimeniaeus Bunge. Fresh seeds collected from the only two respective known populations were used to investigate the effect of mechanical scarification, heat shock, and water imbibition processes on PY release and germination. PY can be overcome through mechanical scarification of the water-impermeable seed coats, while no dormancy break was detected, nor a subsequent increase in seed germination due to fire-induced heat. This suggests that fire does not trigger dormancy release and seed germination in these species. The seeds tolerate relatively high heat shock temperatures (up to 120 and 100 °C for A. verrucosus and A. maritimus, respectively), but after 120 °C for 10 min, the number of dead seeds increases in both species. These facts suggest the capacity to develop a soil seed bank that can persist after fires and delay germination until the occurrence of optimal conditions. As regards water imbibition, both Astragalus species did not show the typical triphasic pattern, as germination started without further water uptake. This study emphasizes the significance of understanding germination processes and dormancy in threatened species. In fire-prone ecosystems, PY dormancy plays a crucial role in soil seed bank persistence, and it may be selectively influenced by post-fire conditions. Understanding such adaptations provides useful insights into conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cuena Lombraña
- Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 9-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.L.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Ludovica Dessì
- Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 9-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.L.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Lina Podda
- Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 9-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.L.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Mauro Fois
- Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 9-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.L.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Belén Luna
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Carlos III S/N, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Marco Porceddu
- Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 9-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.L.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Centre for Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Sardinian Germplasm Bank (BG-SAR), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Viale Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 9-13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.L.); (L.P.); (M.F.); (M.P.); (G.B.)
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Šoch J, Šonka J, Ponert J. Acid scarification as a potent treatment for an in vitro germination of mature endozoochorous Vanilla planifolia seeds. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2023; 64:9. [PMID: 37067667 PMCID: PMC10110789 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-023-00374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vanilla planifolia is the most widely cultivated species of vanilla with high economic importance. However, seed germination under artificial conditions is difficult and yields low germination percentages. The seeds are adapted to endozoochorous dispersal, and we therefore tried to simulate the conditions in the digestive tract by acid scarification of seeds. RESULTS Immature seeds lacking dormancy, used as a control, showed the highest germination percentage. Among the treatments tested for mature seeds, the hydrochloric acid treatments were significantly the best in breaking dormancy and inducing germination, irrespective of the acid concentration and the presence of pepsin. Conventional treatment with a hypochlorite solution induced much lower germination percentage. Sulphuric acid at concentration 50% was too strong and caused damage to the seeds. Important factor is also high cultivation temperature 30 °C as there was nearly no germination at 25 °C. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol significantly improves the efficiency of generative propagation of vanilla and allows for significantly higher germination percentages than previously described. The strongly positive effect of hydrochloric acid may be related to the adaptation of seeds to endozoochorous dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Šoch
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Šonka
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ponert
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Prague Botanical Garden, Trojská 800/196, 171 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
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Maleki K, Maleki K, Soltani E, Oveisi M, Gonzalez-Andujar JL. A Model for Changes in Germination Synchrony and Its Implements to Study Weed Population Dynamics: A Case Study of Brassicaceae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020233. [PMID: 36678945 PMCID: PMC9864946 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In every agricultural system, weed seeds can be found in every cubic centimeter of soil. Weed seeds, as a valuable trait underlying the fate of weed populations, exhibit differing levels of seed dormancy, ensuring their survival under uncertain conditions. Seed dormancy is considered as an innate mechanism that constrains germination under suitable conditions that would otherwise stimulate germination of nondormant seeds. This work provides new insight into changes in germination patterns along the dormant to nondormancy continuum in seeds with physiological dormancy. Notable findings are: (1) germination synchrony can act as a new parameter that quantitatively describes dormancy patterns and, subsequently, weed population dynamics, (2) germination synchrony is dynamic, suggesting that the more dormancy decreases, the more synchrony is obtainable, (3) after-ripening and stratification can function as a synchronizing agent that regulates germination behavior. Freshly harvested seeds of Brassica napus with type 3 of non-deep physiological dormancy showed the most synchronous germination, with a value of 3.14, while a lower level of germination asynchrony was found for newly harvested seeds of Sinapis arvensis with type 1 of non-deep physiological dormancy, with an asynchrony value of 2.25. After-ripening and stratification can act as a synchronizing factor through decreasing the asynchrony level and increasing synchrony. There is a firm relationship between seed dormancy cycling and germination synchrony patterns, ensuring their survival and reproductive strategies. By germinating in synchrony, which is accompanied by cycling mechanisms, weeds have more opportunities to persist. The synchrony model used in the present study predicts germination behavior and synchrony along the dormant to nondormancy continuum in weed seeds with physiological dormancy, suggesting a useful method for the quantification of germination strategies and weed population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Maleki
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kourosh Maleki
- Department of Forestry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan P.O. Box 386, Iran
| | - Elias Soltani
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran
| | - Mostafa Oveisi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 1417466191, Iran
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Jaganathan GK. Unravelling the paradox in physically dormant species: elucidating the onset of dormancy after dispersal and dormancy-cycling. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:121-129. [PMID: 35737935 PMCID: PMC9445591 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For species that produce seeds with a water-impermeable coat, i.e. physical dormancy (PY), it has been widely recognized that (1) seeds shed at a permeable state cannot become impermeable after dispersal; and (2) dormancy-cycling, i.e. a permeable ↔ impermeable transition, does not occur. Given a tight relationship between moisture content and onset of seed-coat impermeability, seeds maturing at low relative humidity (RH) and occurring in a high-temperature environment are inferred to produce impermeable coats, and ex situ drying of permeable seeds can lead to the onset of impermeability. SCOPE AND CONCLUSION It is proposed here that permeable seeds dispersed at low RH and in high-temperature soils might become impermeable due to continuous drying. Similarly, seeds with shallow PY dormancy (with higher moisture content immediately after becoming impermeable) can cycle back to a permeable state or absolute PY (complete dry state) when RH increases or decreases, respectively. A conceptual model is developed to propose that seeds from several genera of 19 angiosperm families at the time of natural dispersal can be (1) impermeable (dormant), i.e. primary dormancy; (2) impermeable (dormant) and become permeable (non-dormant) and then enter a dormant state in the soil, often referred to as secondary dormancy; (3) permeable (non-dormant) and become impermeable (dormant) in the soil, i.e. enforced dormancy; or (4) dormant or non-dormant, but cycle between permeable and non-permeable states depending on the soil conditions, i.e. dormancy-cycling, which is different from sensitivity-cycling occurring during dormancy break. It is suggested that this phenomenon could influence the dormancy-breaking pattern, but detailed studies of this are lacking.
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Zhou J, Li Y, Wang X, Liu Y, David-Schwartz R, Weissberg M, Qiu S, Guo Z, Yang F. Analysis of Elymus nutans seed coat development elucidates the genetic basis of metabolome and transcriptome underlying seed coat permeability characteristics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:970957. [PMID: 36061807 PMCID: PMC9437961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.970957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The seed coat takes an important function in the life cycle of plants, especially seed growth and development. It promotes the accumulation of nutrients inside the seed and protects the seed embryo from mechanical damage. Seed coat permeability is an important characteristic of seeds, which not only affects seed germination, but also hinders the detection of seed vigor by electrical conductivity (EC) method. This research aimed to elucidate the mechanism of seed coat permeability formation through metabolome and transcriptome analysis of Elymus nutans. We collected the samples at 8, 18, and 28 days post-anthesis (dpa), and conducted a seed inclusion exosmosis experiment and observed the seed coat permeability. Moreover, we analyzed the changes in the metabolome and transcriptome during different development stages. Here, taking 8 dpa as control, 252 upregulated and 157 downregulated differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were observed and 886 upregulated unigenes and 1170 downregulated unigenes were identified at 18 dpa, while 4907 upregulated unigenes and 8561 downregulated unigenes were identified at 28 dpa. Meanwhile, we observed the components of ABC transporters, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and phenylalanine metabolism pathways. The key metabolites and genes affecting seed coat permeability were thiamine and salicylic acid. Furthermore, there were 13 and 14 genes with correlation coefficients greater than 0.8 with two key metabolites, respectively, and the -log2Fold Change- of these genes were greater than 1 at different development stages. Meanwhile, pathogenesis-related protein 1 and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase play an important role in regulating the formation of compounds. Our results outline a framework for understanding the development changes during seed growth of E. nutans and provide insights into the traits of seed coat permeability and supply a great significance value to seed production and quality evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Qinghai University, Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rakefet David-Schwartz
- Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Mira Weissberg
- Volcani Center, Agriculture Research Organization, Institute of Plant Sciences, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Shuiling Qiu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fulin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Shoemaker LG, Hallett LM, Zhao L, Reuman DC, Wang S, Cottingham KL, Hobbs RJ, Castorani MCN, Downing AL, Dudney JC, Fey SB, Gherardi LA, Lany N, Portales-Reyes C, Rypel AL, Sheppard LW, Walter JA, Suding KN. The long and the short of it: Mechanisms of synchronous and compensatory dynamics across temporal scales. Ecology 2022; 103:e3650. [PMID: 35112356 PMCID: PMC9285558 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synchronous dynamics (fluctuations that occur in unison) are universal phenomena with widespread implications for ecological stability. Synchronous dynamics can amplify the destabilizing effect of environmental variability on ecosystem functions such as productivity, whereas the inverse, compensatory dynamics, can stabilize function. Here we combine simulation and empirical analyses to elucidate mechanisms that underlie patterns of synchronous versus compensatory dynamics. In both simulated and empirical communities, we show that synchronous and compensatory dynamics are not mutually exclusive but instead can vary by timescale. Our simulations identify multiple mechanisms that can generate timescale‐specific patterns, including different environmental drivers, diverse life histories, dispersal, and non‐stationary dynamics. We find that traditional metrics for quantifying synchronous dynamics are often biased toward long‐term drivers and may miss the importance of short‐term drivers. Our findings indicate key mechanisms to consider when assessing synchronous versus compensatory dynamics and our approach provides a pathway for disentangling these dynamics in natural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel C Reuman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant Ave, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kathryn L Cottingham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Richard J Hobbs
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Max C N Castorani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy L Downing
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, USA
| | - Joan C Dudney
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, California, United States.,Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Samuel B Fey
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Laureano A Gherardi
- Global Drylands Center and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Nina Lany
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Cristina Portales-Reyes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrew L Rypel
- Department of Fish, Wildlife & Conservation Biology, and Center for Watershed Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lawrence W Sheppard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Higuchi Hall, 2101 Constant Ave, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jonathan A Walter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, New Jersey, United States
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Hamann E, Denney D, Day S, Lombardi E, Jameel MI, MacTavish R, Anderson JT. Review: Plant eco-evolutionary responses to climate change: Emerging directions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110737. [PMID: 33568289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary climate change is exposing plant populations to novel combinations of temperatures, drought stress, [CO2] and other abiotic and biotic conditions. These changes are rapidly disrupting the evolutionary dynamics of plants. Despite the multifactorial nature of climate change, most studies typically manipulate only one climatic factor. In this opinion piece, we explore how climate change factors interact with each other and with biotic pressures to alter evolutionary processes. We evaluate the ramifications of climate change across life history stages,and examine how mating system variation influences population persistence under rapid environmental change. Furthermore, we discuss how spatial and temporal mismatches between plants and their mutualists and antagonists could affect adaptive responses to climate change. For example, plant-virus interactions vary from highly pathogenic to mildly facilitative, and are partly mediated by temperature, moisture availability and [CO2]. Will host plants exposed to novel, stressful abiotic conditions be more susceptible to viral pathogens? Finally, we propose novel experimental approaches that could illuminate how plants will cope with unprecedented global change, such as resurrection studies combined with experimental evolution, genomics or epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Hamann
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Derek Denney
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Samantha Day
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lombardi
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - M Inam Jameel
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Rachel MacTavish
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jill T Anderson
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Zhao Q, Shi X, Yan L, Yang C, Liu C, Feng Y, Zhang M, Yang Y, Liao H. Characterization of the Common Genetic Basis Underlying Seed Hilum Size, Yield, and Quality Traits in Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:610214. [PMID: 33719282 PMCID: PMC7947287 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.610214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing high yielding cultivars with outstanding quality traits are perpetual objectives throughout crop breeding operations. Confoundingly, both of these breeding objectives typically involve working with complex quantitative traits that can be affected by genetic and environmental factors. Establishing correlations of these complex traits with more easily identifiable and highly heritable traits can simplify breeding processes. In this study, two parental soybean genotypes contrasting in seed hilum size, yield, and seed quality, as well as 175 F9 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from these parents, were grown in 3 years. The h2 b of four hilum size, two quality and two yield traits, ranged from 0.72 to 0.87. The four observed hilum size traits exhibited significant correlation (P < 0.05) with most of seed yield and quality traits, as indicated by correlation coefficients varying from -0.35 to 0.42, which suggests that hilum size could be considered as a proxy trait for soybean yield and quality. Interestingly, among 53 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with logarithm of odds (LOD) values ranging from 2.51 to 6.69 and accounting for 6.40-16.10% of genetic variation, three loci encoding hilum size, qSH6.2, qSH8, and qSH10, colocated with QTLs for seed yield and quality traits, demonstrating that genes impacting seed hilum size colocalize in part with genes acting on soybean yield and quality. As a result of the breeding efforts and field observations described in this work, it is reasonable to conclude that optimizing hilum size through selection focused on a few QTLs may be useful for breeding new high yielding soybean varieties with favorable quality characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Soltani A, Walter KA, Wiersma AT, Santiago JP, Quiqley M, Chitwood D, Porch TG, Miklas P, McClean PE, Osorno JM, Lowry DB. The genetics and physiology of seed dormancy, a crucial trait in common bean domestication. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:58. [PMID: 33482732 PMCID: PMC7821524 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical seed dormancy is an important trait in legume domestication. Although seed dormancy is beneficial in wild ecosystems, it is generally considered to be an undesirable trait in crops due to reduction in yield and / or quality. The physiological mechanism and underlying genetic factor(s) of seed dormancy is largely unknown in several legume species. Here we employed an integrative approach to understand the mechanisms controlling physical seed dormancy in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). RESULTS Using an innovative CT scan imaging system, we were able to track water movements inside the seed coat. We found that water uptake initiates from the bean seed lens. Using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) we further identified several micro-cracks on the lens surface of non-dormant bean genotypes. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was conducted on a bi-parental RIL (recombinant inbred line) population, segregating for seed dormancy. This analysis revealed that the seed water uptake is associated with a single major QTL on Pv03. The QTL region was fine-mapped to a 118 Kb interval possessing 11 genes. Coding sequence analysis of candidate genes revealed a 5-bp insertion in an ortholog of pectin acetylesterase 8 that causes a frame shift, loss-of-function mutation in non-dormant genotype. Gene expression analysis of the candidate genes in the seed coat of contrasting genotypes indicated 21-fold lower expression of pectin acetylesterase 8 in non-dormant genotype. An analysis of mutational polymorphism was conducted among wild and domesticated beans. Although all the wild beans possessed the functional allele of pectin acetylesterase 8, the majority (77%) of domesticated beans had the non-functional allele suggesting that this variant was under strong selection pressure through domestication. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified the physiological mechanism of physical seed dormancy and have identified a candidate allele causing variation in this trait. Our findings suggest that a 5-bp insertion in an ortholog of pectin acetylesterase 8 is likely a major causative mutation underlying the loss of seed dormancy during domestication. Although the results of current study provide strong evidences for the role of pectin acetylesterase 8 in seed dormancy, further confirmations seem necessary by employing transgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soltani
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Katelynn A Walter
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andrew T Wiersma
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James P Santiago
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michelle Quiqley
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Chitwood
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Timothy G Porch
- USDA-ARS, Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, PR, USA
| | - Phillip Miklas
- USDA-ARS, Grain Legume Genetics Physiology Research Unit, Prosser, WA, USA
| | - Phillip E McClean
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Juan M Osorno
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - David B Lowry
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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