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Bessa MK, Bessa GR, Bonamigo RR. Kefir as a therapeutic agent in clinical research: a scoping review. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:79-95. [PMID: 36994828 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Increasing research has been conducted on the role of probiotics in disease treatment. Kefir, a safe, low-cost probiotic fermented milk drink, has been investigated in many in vitro and animal studies, although parameters for human therapeutic dose or treatment time have not yet been determined. Here we perform a scoping review of clinical studies that have used kefir as a therapeutic agent, compiling the results for perspectives to support and direct further research. This review was based on Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, including studies on the effects of kefir-fermented milk in humans. Using the term KEFIR, the main international databases were searched for studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese until 9 March 2022. A total of 5835 articles were identified in the four databases, with forty-four eligible for analysis. The research areas were classified as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, gastrointestinal health/disorders, maternal/child health and paediatrics, dentistry, oncology, women's and geriatric health, and dermatology. The many study limitations hampered generalisation of the results. The small sample sizes, methodological variation and differences in kefir types, dosage and treatment duration prevented clear conclusions about its benefits for specific diseases. We suggest using a standard therapeutic dose of traditionally prepared kefir in millilitres according to body weight, making routine consumption more feasible. The studies showed that kefir is safe for people without serious illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Klippel Bessa
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Renan Rangel Bonamigo
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Pu TY, Chuang KC, Tung MC, Yen CC, Chen YH, Cidem A, Ko CH, Chen W, Chen CM. Lactoferrin as a therapeutic agent for attenuating hepatic stellate cell activation in thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116490. [PMID: 38554526 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease caused by prolonged liver injuries. Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix replaces the damaged hepatocytes, leading to fibrous scar formation and fibrosis induction. Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein with a conserved, monomeric signal polypeptide chain, exhibiting diverse physiological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumoral activities. Previous study has shown LF's protective role against chemically-induced liver fibrosis in rats. However, the mechanisms of LF in liver fibrosis are still unclear. In this study, we investigated LF's mechanisms in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats and TGF-β1-treated HSC-T6 cells. Using ultrasonic imaging, H&E, Masson's, and Sirius Red staining, we demonstrated LF's ability to improve liver tissue damage and fibrosis induced by TAA. LF reduced the levels of ALT, AST, and hydroxyproline in TAA-treated liver tissues, while increasing catalase levels. Additionally, LF treatment decreased mRNA expression of inflammatory factors such as Il-1β and Icam-1, as well as fibrogenic factors including α-Sma, Collagen I, and Ctgf in TAA-treated liver tissues. Furthermore, LF reduced TAA-induced ROS production and cell death in FL83B cells, and decreased α-SMA, Collagen I, and p-Smad2/3 productions in TGF-β1-treated HSC-T6 cells. Our study highlights LF's ability to ameliorate TAA-induced hepatocyte damage, oxidative stress, and liver fibrosis in rats, potentially through its inhibitory effect on HSC activation. These findings suggest LF's potential as a therapeutic agent for protecting against liver injuries and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Pu
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctorial Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctorial Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Min-Che Tung
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctorial Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctorial Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, and College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctorial Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Abdulkadir Cidem
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctorial Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25250, Turkey
| | - Chu-Hsun Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctorial Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctorial Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Lan YW, Chen YC, Yen CC, Chen HL, Tung MC, Fan HC, Chen CM. Kefir peptides mitigate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice through modulating oxidative stress, inflammation and gut microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116431. [PMID: 38522238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and life-threatening lung disease with high mortality rates. The limited availability of effective drugs for IPF treatment, coupled with concerns regarding adverse effects and restricted responsiveness, underscores the need for alternative approaches. Kefir peptides (KPs) have demonstrated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties, along with the capability to modulate gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate the impact of KPs on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Mice were treated with KPs for four days, followed by intratracheal injection of bleomycin for 21 days. Comprehensive assessments included pulmonary functional tests, micro-computed tomography (µ-CT), in vivo image analysis using MMPsense750, evaluation of inflammation- and fibrosis-related gene expression in lung tissue, and histopathological examinations. Furthermore, a detailed investigation of the gut microbiota community was performed using full-length 16 S rRNA sequencing in control mice, bleomycin-induced fibrotic mice, and KPs-pretreated fibrotic mice. RESULTS In KPs-pretreated bleomycin-induced lung fibrotic mice, notable outcomes included the absence of significant bodyweight loss, enhanced pulmonary functions, restored lung tissue architecture, and diminished thickening of inter-alveolar septa, as elucidated by morphological and histopathological analyses. Concurrently, a reduction in the expression levels of oxidative biomarkers, inflammatory factors, and fibrotic indicators was observed. Moreover, 16 S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that KPs pretreatment induced alterations in the relative abundances of gut microbiota, notably affecting Barnesiella_intestinihominis, Kineothrix_alysoides, and Clostridium_viride. CONCLUSIONS Kefir peptides exerted preventive effects, protecting mice against bleomycin-induced lung oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. These effects are likely linked to modifications in the gut microbiota community. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of KPs in mitigating pulmonary fibrosis and advocate for additional exploration in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wei Lan
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Phoenix Children's Health Research Institute, Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix 85004, USA.
| | - Ying-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Veterinary Medicines, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA.
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan; Phermpep Co., Ltd., China Chemical & Pharmaceutical Group (CCPG), Taichung 42881, Taiwan
| | - Min-Che Tung
- Department of Surgery, and Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Surgery, and Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Research Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Cui Y, Jing C, Yue Y, Ning M, Chen H, Yuan Y, Yue T. Kefir Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury Through Modulating Gut Microbiota and Fecal Bile Acid Profile in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300301. [PMID: 37933689 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of liver-related deaths worldwide. Kefir has been studied for its properties of anti-obesity, rebuilding intestinal homeostasis, and alleviating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the possible role of kefir in the prevention or treatment of ALD has not been carefully considered. Here, it evaluated the protective effects of kefir supplementation on alcohol-induced liver injury. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice are fed to Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol to build ALD mouse model, followed by oral administration with kefir. Results indicate that kefir treatment improves liver pathological changes, decreases the expression levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and inflammatory markers, and increases antioxidant levels. Kefir supplementation also restores the intestinal barrier and altered microbial composition, indicates as increases of Blautia, Bacteroides, and Parasutterella and decreases in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and populations of Psychrobacter, Bacillus, and Monoglobus. Moreover, kefir supplementation decreases the levels of total bile acids (BAs) and primary BAs and increases the secondary/primary BA ratio. Gut microbes play a key role in the conversion of primary to secondary fecal BAs. CONCLUSION Kefir can ameliorate ALD through regulating the composition of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chun Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Mengge Ning
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
- Xi'an Gaoxin No. 1 High School, Xi'an, 710119, China
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yu C, Yang P, Xu M, Ling J, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Chen Y, Shi A, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu P, Zhang D. Food-derived peptides as novel therapeutic strategies for NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-32. [PMID: 38153262 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2294164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), a member of the nucleotide-binding domain (NOD) and leucine-rich repeat sequence (LRR) protein (NLR) family, plays an essential role in the inflammation initiation and inflammatory mediator secretion, and thus is also associated with many disease progressions. Food-derived bioactive peptides (FDBP) exhibit excellent anti-inflammatory activity in both in vivo and in vitro models. They are encrypted in plant, meat, and milk proteins and can be released under enzymatic hydrolysis or fermentation conditions, thereby hindering the progression of hyperuricemia, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic liver disease, neurological disorders, lung injury and periodontitis by inactivating the NLRP3. However, there is a lack of systematic review around FDBP, NLRP3, and NLRP3-related diseases. Therefore, this review summarized FDBP that exert inhibiting effects on NLRP3 inflammasome from different protein sources and detailed their preparation and purification methods. Additionally, this paper also compiled the possible inhibitory mechanisms of FDBP on NLRP3 inflammasomes and its regulatory role in NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases. Finally, the progress of cutting-edge technologies, including nanoparticle, computer-aided screening strategy and recombinant DNA technology, in the acquisition or encapsulation of NLRP3 inhibitory FDBP was discussed. This review provides a scientific basis for understanding the anti-inflammatory mechanism of FDBP through the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and also provides guidance for the development of therapeutic adjuvants or functional foods enriched with these FDBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenfeng Yu
- Huankui College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pingping Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Minxuan Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Jitao Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Zicheng Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ao Shi
- School of Medicine, St. George University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiao Liu
- Cardiology Department, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Institute for the Study of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
- Branch of Nationlal Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Deju Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Trone K, Rahman S, Green CH, Venegas C, Martindale R, Stroud A. Synbiotics and Surgery: Can Prebiotics and Probiotics Affect Inflammatory Surgical Outcomes? Curr Nutr Rep 2023:10.1007/s13668-023-00464-1. [PMID: 36991238 PMCID: PMC10060133 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have received increasing attention over the years for their beneficial impact on the gut microbiome and for their systemic anti-inflammatory effects. They have also been shown to improve surgical outcomes. Here, we review the inflammatory effects of surgery as well as the data which suggests a benefit of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics taken in the perioperative period. RECENT FINDINGS Synbiotics and fermented foods may have an even greater anti-inflammatory effect than probiotics or prebiotics alone. Recent data suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects and microbiome changes brought on by prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have the potential to improve surgical outcomes. We highlight the potential to alter systemic inflammation, surgical and hospital-acquired infections, colorectal cancer formation, recurrence, and anastomotic leak. Synbiotics could also impact metabolic syndrome. Prebiotics, probiotics, and especially synbiotics may be extremely beneficial when taken in the perioperative period. Even short-term gut microbiome pre-habilitation could alter surgical outcomes significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Trone
- OHSU, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Mail Code: L223, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Shahrose Rahman
- OHSU, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Mail Code: L223, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Martindale
- OHSU, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Mail Code: L223, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Andrea Stroud
- OHSU, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., Mail Code: L223, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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Chang GRL, Lin WY, Fan HC, Tu MY, Liu YH, Yen CC, Cidem A, Chen W, Chen CM. Kefir peptides ameliorate osteoporosis in AKR1A1 knockout mice with vitamin C deficiency by promoting osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kefir peptides promote osteogenic differentiation to enhance bone fracture healing in rats. Life Sci 2022; 310:121090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Madu FU, Agoro EYS, Madu MC. Exhaled breath condensate markers of oxidative stress in male storekeepers of chemical stores in the Ariaria international market Aba Abia state Nigeria. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:801-809. [PMID: 36261326 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221133885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In most developing countries, stores, where chemical substances are sold, are poorly ventilated, and best practices are not followed. This can result in the contamination of the ambient air inside the stores with toxicological implications for the lungs. This work aimed at determining the risk of pulmonary disease in chemical storekeepers in the Ariaria international market Aba by the evaluation of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) biomarkers of oxidative stress. A gas monitor was used for gas sampling while an Aerocet analyzer was used for particulate matter determinations. Exposed filter paper was used for the sampling of heavy metals in the air, and the determination was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The exhaled breath condensate was collected with a refrigerated condenser, and the markers of oxidative stress were determined spectrophotometrically. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM7, PM10) were elevated in all the chemical stores studied. Our findings also showed that the indoor air of the chemical stores studied was polluted with SO2, NO2, NH3 and H2S, as their concentrations were respectively higher than the WHO standard values. Concentrations of all the heavy metals present in the ambient air of the chemical stores were also higher than the Nigerian Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) standard values. Chemical storekeepers at the Ariaria international market exhaled increased concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), H2O2, and lower concentrations of glutathione (GSH). The pH values of the exhaled breath condensates were decreased and slightly acidic. It therefore means that the storekeepers were exposed to polluted ambient air inside the stores. This resulted to airway oxidative stress in the storekeepers as reported herein. Therefore, storekeepers of chemical stores in the Ariaria international market, Aba Nigeria were at risk of pulmonary disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Ugochukwu Madu
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, 487357Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Chen W, Wang J, Du L, Chen J, Zheng Q, Li P, Du B, Fang X, Liao Z. Kefir microbiota and metabolites stimulate intestinal mucosal immunity and its early development. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1371-1384. [PMID: 36039934 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2115975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Kefir consists of a large number of probiotics, which can regulate or shape the balance of intestinal microbiota, and enhance the host's immune response. Kefir microbiota can shape the mucosal immunity of the body through SCFAs, EPS, polypeptides, lactic acid, and other metabolites and microbial antigens themselves, and this shaping may have time windows and specific pathways. Kefir can regulate antibody SIgA and IL-10 levels to maintain intestinal homeostasis, and its secreted SIgA can shape the stable microbiota system by wrapping and binding different classes of microorganisms. The incidence of intestinal inflammation is closely linked to the development and maturation of intestinal mucosal immunity. Based on summarizing the existing research results on Kefir, its metabolites, and immune system development, this paper proposes to use Kefir, traditional fermented food with natural immune-enhancing components and stable functional microbiota, as an intervention method. Early intervention in the immune system may seize the critical window period of mucosal immunity and stimulate the development and maturation of intestinal mucosal immunity in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyu Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qikai Zheng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Liao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Ellatif SA, Abdel Razik ES, Abu-Serie MM, Mahfouz A, Shater AF, Saleh FM, Hassan MM, Alsanie WF, Altalhi A, Daigham GE, Mahfouz AY. Immunomodulatory Efficacy-Mediated Anti-HCV and Anti-HBV Potential of Kefir Grains; Unveiling the In Vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Wound Healing Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27062016. [PMID: 35335377 PMCID: PMC8951848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of fermented foods with health-promoting properties is becoming more popular around the world. Consequently, kefir, a fermented milk beverage made from kefir grains, was shown in numerous studies to be a probiotic product providing significant health benefits. Herein, we assessed the antibacterial and antifungal potential of kefir against a variety of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This study also showed the effectiveness of kefir in healing wounds in human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) by (80.78%) compared with control (55.75%) within 48 h. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results of kefir-treated HCV- or HBV- infected cells found that 200 µg/mL of kefir can eliminate 92.36% of HCV and 75.71% of HBV relative to the untreated infected cells, whereas 800 µg/mL (the highest concentration) completely eradicated HCV and HBV. Moreover, the estimated IC50 values of kefir, at which HCV and HBV were eradicated by 50%, were 63.84 ± 5.81 µg/mL and 224.02 ± 14.36 µg/mL, correspondingly. Kefir can significantly suppress the elevation of TNF-α and upregulate IL-10 and INF-γ in both treated HCV- and HBV-infected cells. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of kefir revealed the presence of numerous active metabolites which mainly contribute to the antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the anti-HBV efficacy of kefir while also illustrating the immunomodulatory impact in the treated HBV-infected cells. Accordingly, kefir represents a potent antiviral agent against both viral hepatitis C and B, as well as having antimicrobial and wound healing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Abd Ellatif
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Elsayed S. Abdel Razik
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Marwa M. Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- National Health Service Foundation Trust (NHS), Manchester University, Manchester M14 5RH, UK;
| | - Abdullah F. Shater
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fayez M. Saleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Altalhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Ghadir E. Daigham
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Amira Y. Mahfouz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo 11651, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
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12
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The Emerging Scenario of the Gut-Brain Axis: The Therapeutic Actions of the New Actor Kefir against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111845. [PMID: 34829716 PMCID: PMC8614795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that millions of people worldwide suffer from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD), the two most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), has been a permanent challenge to science. New tools were developed over the past two decades and were immediately incorporated into routines in many laboratories, but the most valuable scientific contribution was the “waking up” of the gut microbiota. Disturbances in the gut microbiota, such as an imbalance in the beneficial/pathogenic effects and a decrease in diversity, can result in the passage of undesired chemicals and cells to the systemic circulation. Recently, the potential effect of probiotics on restoring/preserving the microbiota was also evaluated regarding important metabolite and vitamin production, pathogen exclusion, immune system maturation, and intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. Therefore, the focus of the present review is to discuss the available data and conclude what has been accomplished over the past two decades. This perspective fosters program development of the next steps that are necessary to obtain confirmation through clinical trials on the magnitude of the effects of kefir in large samples.
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13
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Chen CF, Li HP, Chao YH, Tu MY, Yen CC, Lan YW, Yang SH, Chong KY, Lin CC, Chen CM. Suppression of Dendritic Cell Maturation by Kefir Peptides Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:721594. [PMID: 34675803 PMCID: PMC8523924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.721594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a disorder that is characterized by joint inflammation and other symptoms. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is one of the most common arthritis in worldwide. Inflammation of the synovium is the main factor that triggers bone erosion in the joints in RA, but the pathogenesis of RA is not clearly understood. Kefir grain-fermented products have been demonstrated to enhance immune function and exhibit immune-modulating bioactivities. This study aims to explore the role of kefir peptides (KPs) on the regulation of dendritic cell, which are found in RA synovial fluid, and the protection effects of KPs on mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Immature mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were treated with KPs (2.2 and 4.4 mg/ml) and then exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to study the immune regulation function of KPs in dendritic cells. Mice with CIA (n = 5 per group) were orally administrated KPs (3.75 and 7.5 mg/day/kg) for 21 days and therapeutic effect of KPs on mice with arthritis were assessed. In this study, we found that KPs could inhibit surface molecule expression, reduce inflammatory cytokine release, and repress NF-κB and MAPK signaling in LPS-stimulated mouse BMDCs. In addition, a high dose of KPs (7.5 mg/kg) significantly alleviated arthritis symptoms, decreased inflammatory cytokine expression, suppressed splenic DC maturation and decrease the percentage of Th1 and Th17 in the spleens on mice with CIA. Our findings demonstrated that KPs ameliorate CIA in mice through the mechanism of suppressing DC maturation and inflammatory cytokine releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Fu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pei Li
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Tu
- Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Gangshan Branch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, and College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsun Yang
- Department of Physiology, and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Lab, Bone and Joint Research Center, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and the Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Chang GRL, Tu MY, Chen YH, Chang KY, Chen CF, Lai JC, Tung YT, Chen HL, Fan HC, Chen CM. KFP-1, a Novel Calcium-Binding Peptide Isolated from Kefir, Promotes Calcium Influx Through TRPV6 Channels. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100182. [PMID: 34477300 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kefir is an acidic and alcoholic fermented milk product with multiple health-promoting benefits. A previous study demonstrated that kefir enhanced calcium absorption in intestinal Caco-2 cells. In this study, kefir-fermented peptide-1 (KFP-1) is isolated from the kefir peptide fraction, and its function as a calcium-binding peptide is characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS KFP-1 was identified as a 17-residue peptide with a sequence identical to that of κ-casein (residues 138-154) in milk protein. KFP-1 is demonstrated to promote calcium influx in Caco-2 and IEC-6 small intestinal cells in a concentration-dependent manner. TRPV6, but not L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, is associated with the calcium influx induced by KFP-1. An in vitro calcium binding assay indicates that the full-length KFP-1 peptide has a higher calcium-binding capacity than the two truncated KFP-1 peptides, KFP-1∆C5 and KFP-1C5. Alexa Fluor 594 labeling shows that KFP-1 is taken up by Caco-2 cells and interacts with calcium ions and TRPV6 protein. Moreover, KFP-1 is found moderately resistant to pepsin and pancreatin digestions and enhanced calcium uptake by intestinal enterocytes in vivo. CONCLUSION These data suggest that KFP-1, a novel calcium-binding peptide, binds extracellular calcium ions and enters Caco-2 and IEC-6 cells, and promotes calcium uptake through TRPV6 calcium channels. The present study is of great importance for developing kefir-derived metal ion-binding peptides as functional nutraceutical additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ro-Lin Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, 435, Taiwan.,Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Tu
- Aviation Physiology Research Laboratory, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Gangshan Branch, Kaohsiung, 820, Taiwan.,Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Health Research Institutes and National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Yi Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, 411, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, 515, Taiwan
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, 435, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Miaoli, 356, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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15
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Kefir and Its Biological Activities. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061210. [PMID: 34071977 PMCID: PMC8226494 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kefir is a fermented beverage with renowned probiotics that coexist in symbiotic association with other microorganisms in kefir grains. This beverage consumption is associated with a wide array of nutraceutical benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hypercholesterolemic effects. Moreover, kefir can be adapted into different substrates which allow the production of new functional beverages to provide product diversification. Being safe and inexpensive, there is an immense global interest in kefir’s nutritional potential. Due to their promising benefits, kefir and kefir-like products have a great prospect for commercialization. This manuscript reviews the therapeutic aspects of kefir to date, and potential applications of kefir products in the health and food industries, along with the limitations. The literature reviewed here demonstrates that there is a growing demand for kefir as a functional food owing to a number of health-promoting properties.
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16
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Hamida RS, Shami A, Ali MA, Almohawes ZN, Mohammed AE, Bin-Meferij MM. Kefir: A protective dietary supplementation against viral infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110974. [PMID: 33186795 PMCID: PMC7655491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a recently discovered coronavirus termed 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2' (SARS-CoV-2). Several scholars have tested antiviral drugs and compounds to overcome COVID-19. 'Kefir' is a fermented milk drink similar to a thin yogurt that is made from kefir grains. Kefir and its probiotic contents can modulate the immune system to suppress infections from viruses (e.g., Zika, hepatitis C, influenza, rotaviruses). The antiviral mechanisms of kefir involve enhancement of macrophage production, increasing phagocytosis, boosting production of cluster of differentiation-positive (CD4+), CD8+, immunoglobulin (Ig)G+ and IgA+ B cells, T cells, neutrophils, as well as cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, interferon gamma-γ). Kefir can act as an anti-inflammatory agent by reducing expression of IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and interferon-γ. Hence, kefir might be a significant inhibitor of the 'cytokine storm' that contributes to COVID-19. Here, we review several studies with a particular emphasis on the effect of kefir consumption and their microbial composition against viral infection, as well as discussing the further development of kefir as a protective supplementary dietary against SARS-CoV-2 infection via modulating the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zakiah Nasser Almohawes
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afrah E Mohammed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Tu MY, Han KY, Chang GRL, Lai GD, Chang KY, Chen CF, Lai JC, Lai CY, Chen HL, Chen CM. Kefir Peptides Prevent Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Bone Loss and Modulate the Structure of the Gut Microbiota in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113432. [PMID: 33182364 PMCID: PMC7695289 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disease associated with estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. Kefir-fermented peptides (KPs) are bioactive peptides with health-promoting benefits that are produced from the degradation of dairy milk proteins by the probiotic microflora in kefir grains. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of KPs on osteoporosis prevention and the modulation of the composition of the gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice receiving an 8-week oral gavage of 100 mg of KPs and 100 mg of KPs + 10 mg Ca exhibited lower trabecular separation (Tb. Sp), and higher bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular number (Tb. N) and bone volume (BV/TV), than OVX groups receiving Ca alone and untreated mice, and these effects were also reflected in bones with better mechanical properties of strength and fracture toughness. The gut microbiota of the cecal contents was examined by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. α-Diversity analysis indicated that the gut microbiota of OVX mice was enriched more than that of sham mice, but the diversity was not changed significantly. Treatment with KPs caused increased microbiota richness and diversity in OVX mice compared with those in sham mice. The microbiota composition changed markedly in OVX mice compared with that in sham mice. Following the oral administration of KPs for 8 weeks, the abundances of Alloprevotella, Anaerostipes, Parasutterella, Romboutsia, Ruminococcus_1 and Streptococcus genera were restored to levels close to those in the sham group. However, the correlation of these bacterial populations with bone metabolism needs further investigation. Taken together, KPs prevent menopausal osteoporosis and mildly modulate the structure of the gut microbiota in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Tu
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
- Aviation Physiology Research Laboratory, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Gangshan Branch, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan
- Department of Health Business Administration, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yang Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (K.-Y.H.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Gary Ro-Lin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Guan-Da Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Ku-Yi Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (K.-Y.H.); (K.-Y.C.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Lai
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan;
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-Y.T.); (G.R.-L.C.); (G.-D.L.); (C.-F.C.); (J.-C.L.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2285-6309
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18
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Chen YH, Chen HL, Fan HC, Tung YT, Kuo CW, Tu MY, Chen CM. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antifibrotic Effects of Kefir Peptides on Salt-Induced Renal Vascular Damage and Dysfunction in Aged Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090790. [PMID: 32858955 PMCID: PMC7555286 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased prevalence of renal dysfunction and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the high costs and poor outcomes of treatment are a significant health issue. The consequence of chronic high blood pressure is the increased prevalence of target organ end-stage renal disease, which has been proven to be a strong independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular disease. A previous study showed that kefir products have anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive activities and immunological modulation functions. However, no data regarding the beneficial effects of kefir peptides (KPs) on salt-induced renal damage or related kidney diseases are available. In this study, KPs were orally administered to aged salt-induced stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats, and the effects of KPs against inflammation and oxidative stress and their ability to protect against renal dysfunction were evaluated. Fifty-five-week-old SHRSP rats under induction with 1% NaCl in drinking water for 4 weeks showed multiple renal injuries with increased renal inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, tubular atrophy, and glomerulosclerosis. In contrast, oral gavage with KPs reduced the urine protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio, the fractional excretion of electrolytes (FeNa and FeCl), extracellular matrix deposition, and the interstitial fibrotic α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels in salt-induced SHRSP rats. The renal infiltration of inflammatory cells; the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and the cytokine nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels; and histopathological lesions were also decreased in salt-induced SHRSP rats. Furthermore, KP treatment significantly increased the renal superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which exerted potent protection against salt-induced chronic kidney disease in SHRSP rats. The results of this study suggest that KPs ameliorate salt-induced renal damage, tubular atrophy, and glomerular dysfunction through anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and antifibrotic activities, and might be a promising protective agent against high salt-induced renovascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-C.F.); (Y.-T.T.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa 515, Taiwan;
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-C.F.); (Y.-T.T.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-C.F.); (Y.-T.T.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Kuo
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-C.F.); (Y.-T.T.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Tu
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-C.F.); (Y.-T.T.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-Y.T.)
- Aviation Physiology Research Laboratory, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Gangshan Branch, Kaohsiung 820, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (H.-C.F.); (Y.-T.T.); (C.-W.K.); (M.-Y.T.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2285-6309
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19
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Liu Z, Li Y, Yu L, Chang Y, Yu J. Penehyclidine hydrochloride inhibits renal ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute lung injury by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13400-13421. [PMID: 32652517 PMCID: PMC7377887 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor (NF)-κB and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathways promote inflammatory signaling that injures the kidneys, whereas the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway promotes anti-inflammatory signaling that inhibits oxidative damage. Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) inhibits NF-κB and activates Nrf2 signaling. We investigated whether PHC induces communication between the Nrf2 and NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways, thereby protecting against renal ischemia/reperfusion (rI/R)-induced lung inflammation. Rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383 cells) were stimulated for 24 h with PHC with or without brusatol (a Nrf2 antagonist), after which they were treated for 4 h with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (10 mM). PHC Nrf2-dependently alleviated tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced reactive oxygen species production in alveolar macrophages. Additionally, wild-type and Nrf2-/- rats were each divided into four groups: (1) sham, (2) PHC (1 mg/kg), (3) rI/R and (4) rI/R + PHC (1 mg/kg). PHC markedly induced the Nrf2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathways and suppressed rI/R-induced NF-κB and NLRP3 activation in the lungs. Nrf2 deficiency diminished the ability of PHC to ameliorate rI/R-induced histopathological alterations and reactive oxygen species release in the lungs; however, PHC inhibited NLRP3 signaling Nrf2-dependently, while it inhibited NF-κB signaling Nrf2-independently. Our findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of PHC on rI/R-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yulin Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Jingui Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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