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Zhang L, Wang X, Jiang C, Sohail T, Sun Y, Sun X, Wang J, Li Y. Effects of Different Diluents and Freezing Methods on Cryopreservation of Hu Ram Semen. Vet Sci 2024; 11:251. [PMID: 38921998 PMCID: PMC11209232 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different diluents and freezing methods on the quality of thawed sperm after cryopreservation and find an inexpensive and practical method for freezing Hu ram semen for use in inseminations under farm conditions. Ejaculates were collected from five Hu rams. In experiment I, ejaculates were diluted with eight different freezing diluents (basic diluents A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H). After dilution and cooling, the samples were loaded into 0.25 mL straws and frozen using the liquid nitrogen fumigation method. In experiment II, diluent C was used as the basic diluent and the semen was frozen using liquid nitrogen fumigation and two program-controlled cooling methods. For analysis, frozen samples were evaluated in terms of motility parameters (total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM)), biokinetic characteristics (straight-line velocity (VSL), average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), wobble movement coefficient (WOB), average motion degree (MAD)), reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and membrane and acrosome integrity. In experiment I, diluent C had higher TM, PM, and acrosome and membrane integrity and lower ROS compared to other extenders (p < 0.05) except diluent A. Diluent C exhibited higher (p < 0.05) VCL, VAP, ALH, WOB, and MAD compared to diluents B, D, E, and F. In experiment II, TM and all biokinetic characteristics did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) amongst the three freezing methods. Liquid nitrogen fumigation resulted in higher (p < 0.05) PM, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and lower ROS level compared to the program. In conclusion, the thawed semen diluted with diluent C had higher quality compared to other diluents. The liquid nitrogen fumigation demonstrated superior semen cryopreservation effects compared to the program-controlled cooling method using diluent C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongjun Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics and Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.Z.); (X.W.); (C.J.); (T.S.); (Y.S.); (X.S.); (J.W.)
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Spanner EA, de Graaf SP, Rickard JP. Factors affecting the success of laparoscopic artificial insemination in sheep. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 264:107453. [PMID: 38547814 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Successful artificial breeding underpins rapid genetic and production gains in animal agriculture. In sheep, artificial insemination with frozen semen is performed via intrauterine laparoscopy as frozen-thawed spermatozoa do not traverse the cervix in sufficient numbers for high fertility and transcervical insemination is anatomically impossible in most ewes. Historically, laparoscopic artificial insemination has always been considered reasonably successful, but recent anecdotal reports of poor fertility place it at risk of warning adoption. Understanding the male, female and environmental factors that influence the fertility of sheep is warranted if the success of artificial insemination is to be improved and genetic progress maximised for the sheep industry. This review details the current practice of laparoscopic AI in sheep. It explores the effects of semen quantity and quality, the ewe, her preparation, and environmental conditions, on the fertility obtained following laparoscopic artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Spanner
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - S P de Graaf
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - J P Rickard
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, NSW 2006, Australia
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3
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Bertuzzi ML, Torres EY, Durand MGP, Huanca T, Giuliano SM, Carretero MI. Cooling of alpaca spermatozoa using an extender with the addition of different percentages of seminal plasma. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 260:107383. [PMID: 38061197 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of different percentages of seminal plasma (SP) during the cooling at 5 °C of alpaca spermatozoa from vas deferens. Fifteen pools of sperm from vas deferens were evaluated and then divided into four aliquots that were diluted to a final concentration of 30 × 106 sperm/ml with either: (1) Tris with 20% egg yolk (T-EY) (control, 0% SP), (2) T-EY with 10% SP, (3) T-EY with 25% SP, and (4) T-EY with 50% SP. Samples were cooled at 5 °C and the following sperm parameters were evaluated after 24 and 48 h of storage: motility, viability, membrane function, acrosome integrity, morphology, and chromatin condensation. Motility was also evaluated after 72 h of storage. A significant decrease in progressive and total sperm motility was observed in samples cooled with 50% SP with respect to all diluted samples, while these parameters were preserved in samples cooled with 0%, 10%, and 25% SP. The percentages of sperm viability, normal morphology, and highly condensed chromatin did not change after the cooling process and were similar between cooled samples. Although a significant decrease was observed in the percentage of spermatozoa with functional membranes and with an intact acrosome in all refrigerated samples compared to raw sperm, the greatest decrease was observed in samples cooled with 50% SP. No advantage was observed from the addition of SP to alpaca spermatozoa obtained from vas deferens and being cooled. In addition, to preserve the sperm motility of cooled samples for up to 72 h, it should be recommended to include a 10% SP in the extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edita Yola Torres
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, Puno, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Centro de Investigación y Producción Quinsachata, Puno, Peru
| | - Manuel Guido Pérez Durand
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano Puno, Puno, Peru; Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Centro de Investigación y Producción Quinsachata, Puno, Peru
| | - Teodosio Huanca
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Centro de Investigación y Producción Quinsachata, Puno, Peru
| | - Susana María Giuliano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Ignacia Carretero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Das D, Mahbubul M, Ali MY, Kobir MS, Kabir MA, Hossain SMJ, Apu AS. Morphometric features, seminal profile and diluters effect on post-thaw semen quality of Munshiganj cattle in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21967. [PMID: 38046160 PMCID: PMC10686865 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study investigates morphometric features, seminal profile and post-thaw semen quality of Munshiganj cattle. Morphometric features were measured using measuring tape from 20 Munshiganj cattle while coat color was measured by observing in naked eye. Fresh and post thaw semen quality parameters were analyzed using Computer Assisted semen analyzer (CASA). Coat color of Munshiganj male cattle were creamy white to dull pinkish and female were white to creamy. The mean body weight, body length, hearth girth, height at wither, head length, head width, ear length, ear width, fore leg length, hind leg length, tail length, tail doc circumference, horn length, horn diameter and mouth circumference were 362.80 kg, 137.31 cm, 160.66 cm, 135.21 cm, 50.97 cm, 20.58 cm, 19.75 cm, 9.88 cm, 73.02 cm, 74.84 cm, 106.10 cm, 20.75 cm, 13.60 cm, 16.12 cm and 43.00 cm, respectively. There was significant difference (p < 0.05) between male and female in terms of body weight (418.00 vs 307.60 kg), heart girth (173.74 vs 147.57 cm), head width (22.50 vs 18.67 cm), horn diameter (18.58 vs 13.66 cm) and mouth circumference (46.60 vs 39.40 cm). Average scrotal length was 16.76 cm while scrotal circumference was 32.70 cm. Age had significant effect (p < 0.05) on morphometric characteristics of Munshiganj male and female cattle. On the other hand, season had no significant effect on semen quality. Mean semen volume, sperm concentration, total motile, progressive, static, slow and live spermatozoa were 5.83 ± 0.88 ml, 1510.27 ± 844.07 million/ml, 91.9 ± 2.17 %, 63.80 ± 12.53 %, 8.10 ± 2.17 %, 0.10 ± 0.10 %, 91.38 ± 0.25 %, respectively. On the other hand, sperm head length and width, sperm tail length of Munshiganj cattle were 10.39 ± 0.16 μm, 4.26 ± 0.07 μm, 21.5 ± 0.52 μm, respectively. Individual breeding bull had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on post-thawed motile sperm percentage. Four different diluters (Triladyl, Steridyl, Tris-egg yolk-Citrate and Andromed) were used to compare the effects of diluter on post-thaw semen quality of Munshiganj cattle and found that diluter had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on post thaw semen quality except slow motility and proximal droplet percentages. Munshiganj cattle had a distinctive phenotypic feature with standard quality semen and had no effect of egg yolk free and egg yolk based diluters on post thaw semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipa Das
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mahbubul
- Haor and Char Development Institute, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Younus Ali
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samim Kobir
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ahsanul Kabir
- Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh
| | | | - Auvijit Saha Apu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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Zampini R, Castro-González XA, Scandura M, Sari LM, Diaz AV, Martin A, Argañaraz ME, Apichela SA. Cryopreservation modifies the distribution of the prostate-derived lectin SL15 on the llama (Lama glama) sperm. Theriogenology 2023; 202:93-102. [PMID: 36933286 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Lectin-like molecules play a key role in mammalian sperm functionality. These multifunctional proteins have been proven to be involved in sperm capacitation, sperm motility, and viability, formation of the oviductal sperm reservoir, and in sperm-oocyte interaction. In a previous study, we reported the presence of a novel seminal plasma lectin, sperm lectin 15 kDa (SL15), adsorbed to the llama sperm. In order to gain knowledge in the understanding of SL15 and its functions, the aims of this study were to (a) elucidate the presence and localization of SL15 in the llama male reproductive tract and sperm, and (b) determine whether the sperm cryopreservation process of cooling and freeze-thawing affects the SL15 levels and distribution on llama sperm. We found that SL15 protein was expressed along the male reproductive system: testis, epididymis, prostate, and bulbourethral glands, being the prostate the main site of SL15 secretion. SL15 was localized on the sperm head, following different localization patterns. In order to understand if sperm cryopreservation induces modifications in the SL15 adsorption pattern, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry analysis were carried out on fresh, 24 h cooled, and frozen-thawed sperm. Both cooled and frozen sperm showed particular SL15 patterns, that were not observed in the freshly ejaculated, indicating loss of SL15. Flow cytometry analysis also exhibited a decrease of SL15 in the cooled sperm (P < 0.05), whereas a tendency to decrease was found in frozen-thawed sperm (P < 0.1) when compared with freshly ejaculated sperm. This study extends the knowledge about the SL15 in the llama male physiology and provides evidence that cryopreservation-related techniques disrupt SL15 adsorption to the sperm membrane, possibly affecting sperm functionality and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Zampini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Ximena A Castro-González
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Micaela Scandura
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Luciana M Sari
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Ana V Diaz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Martin
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, UNT, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martin E Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biologicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina; Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, UNT, El Manantial, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Najafi A, Mehdipour M, Mohammadi H, Mehdipour Z, Khorrami B, Nazari M. Effect of tempol and straw size on rooster sperm quality and fertility after post-thawing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12192. [PMID: 35842559 PMCID: PMC9288470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of tempol and straw size on rooster sperm post-thaw quality and fertility. Rooster semen was cryopreserved in Lake extender containing 0 (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 μM tempol (in two different straw size, 0.25 and 0.5). The percentage of total and progressive sperm motility, VAP and VSL increased in the 10 µM tempol group. Moreover, 10 µM tempol led to lower ROS compared to other groups. The lowest percentage of apoptotic-like changes was detected when the extender was treated with 10 µM of tempol. The minimum ROS was observed in the group treated with 0.5 straw size. Straw size did not have any significantly effect on GPx and SOD activities and TAC of frozen-thawed sperm. The highest significant percentage of fertility and hatching rate were observed in 10 µM of tempol. The results of the present study showed that supplementation of the Lake cryopreservation medium with 10 µM tempol improved cryo-survival. Also, the results of the present study suggested that Lake cryopreservation medium with 0.5-ml straw may perhaps be an appropriate method to improve the quality and fertility post-thawed rooster sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abouzar Najafi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Mehdipour
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mehdipour
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Behzad Khorrami
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Nazari
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Development of a new mini straw for cryopreservation of boar semen. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.37.2.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Rickard JP, Pool K, de Graaf SP, Portas T, Rourke N, Wiesner M, Hildebrandt TB, Göritz F, Hermes R. Increasing the Yield and Cryosurvival of Spermatozoa from Rhinoceros Ejaculates Using the Enzyme Papain. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020154. [PMID: 35205021 PMCID: PMC8869768 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Efficient collection and cryosurvival of semen from threatened wildlife species is key for the success of artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs). The viscous nature of ejaculates often collected from species such as rhinoceros, elephant, hippopotamus and primate, render the majority of spermatozoa collected useless and is therefore wasted. The enzyme papain has been used to reduce the viscosity of camelid semen but has yet to be tested in wildlife species. Therefore, the current study investigated the ability of papain to improve the yield and quality of spermatozoa collected from viscous fractions of the rhinoceros ejaculate during cryopreservation. Papain increased the quantity of useable spermatozoa collected from ejaculates, as well as the motility prior to freezing. It also improved the post-thaw motility, velocity, linearity and straightness of samples compared to spermatozoa frozen from the sperm-rich fraction of the ejaculate. There was no detrimental effect on membrane characteristics or DNA integrity. These results show that treating rhinoceros ejaculates with papain is able to salvage valuable spermatozoa and improve survival post-thaw, ultimately increasing the success of ARTs and creation of biobanks for the maintenance and survival of threatened species. Abstract The preservation of rhinoceros semen is vital for captive breeding programs. While successful collection and cryopreservation of rhinoceros semen has been reported, the volume and quality of semen produced is often low due to the high viscosity associated with ejaculates collected via electroejaculation. Reducing semen viscosity would enable access to previously unusable spermatozoa from viscous fractions and could improve quality post-thaw. The enzyme papain successfully reduced the viscosity of camelid semen but has yet to be tested in wildlife species. This study assessed the influence of papain on the in vitro quality of rhinoceros spermatozoa during cryopreservation using advanced semen assessment. In experiment 1, the motility of spermatozoa from the viscous fraction of an ejaculate, either untreated or treated with papain and its inhibitor E-64 prior to cryopreservation, was assessed post-thaw. In experiment 2, spermatozoa from papain-treated viscous fractions were compared to spermatozoa frozen from untreated sperm-rich fractions pre-freeze, as well as after 0, 1.5 and 3 h of incubation post-thaw (37 °C). Papain significantly increased the quantity of spermatozoa collected from ejaculates, as well as the motility prior to freezing. Papain also improved the post-thaw motility, velocity, linearity and straightness of samples compared to sperm-rich samples, with no detriment to sperm viability, lipid membrane disorder, production of ROS or DNA integrity (p < 0.05). Results show the benefit of supplementing rhinoceros spermatozoa with papain prior to cryopreservation on sperm cryosurvival and demonstrates the potential of using papain to improve the success of cryopreservation protocols, not only for the rhinoceros, but also for other wildlife species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P. Rickard
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (S.P.d.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-93518564
| | - Kelsey Pool
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (S.P.d.G.)
| | - Simon P. de Graaf
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.P.); (S.P.d.G.)
| | - Timothy Portas
- Zoo and Wildlife Veterinary Consultancy, Maleny, QLD 4552, Australia;
| | | | | | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproductive Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.H.); (F.G.); (R.H.)
| | - Frank Göritz
- Department of Reproductive Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.H.); (F.G.); (R.H.)
| | - Robert Hermes
- Department of Reproductive Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.H.); (F.G.); (R.H.)
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Flores Huarco NH, Giuliano SM, Fumuso FG, Miragaya MH, Cucho Dolmos HC, Carretero MI. Use of dimethylformamide to cryopreserve alpaca semen previously incubated with collagenase. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1387-1397. [PMID: 34379864 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenase and two final dimethylformamide (DMF) concentrations (4% and 7%) on alpaca frozen-thawed sperm quality. A total of 25 ejaculates from 5 alpaca were obtained using electroejaculation. Each individual ejaculate was evaluated and then diluted 4:1 in a solution of 1 mg/ml collagenase in HEPES-TALP medium and incubated for 4 min at 37°C. Subsequently, samples were diluted in TRIS-fructose-citric acid-egg yolk and cooled to 5°C. Then, each sample was divided in two aliquots and DMF at final concentration of 4% or 7% was added, equilibrated for 1 hr at 5°C and frozen over liquid nitrogen vapours. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the sperm morphometry, and Completely Random Block designs were used to analyse sperm motility, viability, membrane function and acrosome status. After collagenase incubation, none of the samples showed thread formation, and sperm parameters were preserved. Non-progressive motile sperm were higher (p < .05) in equilibrated samples (4% DMF: 31.8 ± 8.3% and 7% DMF: 36.3 ± 11.8%) compared to raw (10.1 ± 4.3%) and frozen-thawed semen (4% DMF: 9.7 ± 1.8% and 7% DMF: 7.5 ± 3.2%). Sperm membrane function, membrane integrity and intact acrosomes were higher (p < .05) in raw semen (40.1 ± 12.2%, 94.6 ± 3.2% and 91.3 ± 8.1%) compared to frozen-thawed samples (4% DMF: 19.8 ± 4.7%, 53.2 ± 2.7%, 65.7 ± 8.7% and 7% DMF: 20.4 ± 4.5%, 54.1 ± 1.4%, 64.6 ± 9.1%). Length of the sperm head was lower in frozen-thawed samples, being statistically different with 4% DMF compared to pre-freezing samples. The ratio between acrosome and head areas was greater (p < .05) in frozen-thawed samples. Incubation of raw alpaca semen with collagenase decreased the thread formation without affecting sperm quality. Frozen of collagenase treated alpaca semen with 4% or 7% DMF did not preserve the sperm parameters in thawed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils H Flores Huarco
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú.,Escuela de Postgrado, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, Puno, Perú
| | - Susana M Giuliano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda G Fumuso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán C Cucho Dolmos
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Perú
| | - María I Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Washing solution and centrifugation affect kinematics of cryopreserved boar semen. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.12750/jarb.36.2.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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11
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Fumuso FG, Bertuzzi ML, Velásquez González N, Miragaya MH, Carretero MI. Cryopreservation of llama semen using a combination of permeable cryoprotectants. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:958-964. [PMID: 33829560 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is not available for massive use in South American Camelids (SACs) due to the lack of an efficient protocol and the low pregnancy rates obtained with artificial insemination (AI). The use of a single cryoprotectant (CP) is commonly used in SACs frozen semen. The objective of the study was to evaluate the combined cryoprotective capacity of two permeable CPs at different stages of the cryopreservation protocol in llama semen. Sixteen ejaculates from 4 llama males were analysed, and sperm quality was assayed in raw semen, at 5°C, after equilibration of samples with the CPs and when samples were thawed. The following CPs and combination were used: 6% glycerol (GL), 6% dimethylformamide (DMF) and the combination of both CPs: 3% GL and 3% DMF. A Kruskal-Wallis test and an experimental factorial design, considering one factor with four levels (raw semen, 6% GL, 6% DMF and GL/DMF), were used. Total sperm motility and live sperm with intact acrosomes remained unchanged after equilibration of samples (p > .05). A significant decrease in the percentage of functional membrane, motile and live sperm with intact acrosomes was observed when samples were thawed (GL, DMF and GL/DMF). Nevertheless, the cryopreservation protocols used preserved sperm DNA quality; thus, sperm chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation were unaffected (p > .05) when GL, DMF and GL/DMF were used. To conclude, no superiority was found between the use of a single or a combination of permeable cryoprotectants to freeze llama semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Velásquez González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Miragaya
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Ignacia Carretero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Cátedra de Teriogenología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Aisen EG, Huanca López W, Pérez Durand MG, Torres Mamani E, Villanueva Mori JC, Ousset MJ, Medina VH, Pérez Guerra UH, Huanca Mamani T. Spermatozoa Obtained From Alpaca vas deferens. Effects of Seminal Plasma Added at Post-thawing. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:611301. [PMID: 33644145 PMCID: PMC7902725 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.611301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscous seminal plasma (SP) is currently a major impediment to the handling of ejaculate and the development of some biotechnologies in South American camelids. The vas deferens-collected spermatozoa of alpacas is a useful technique to avoid this problem. On the other hand, SP contains a large protein component that has been implicated in the function of spermatozoa within the female reproductive tract. In this sense, the low fertility achieved using transcervical insemination with frozen-thawed spermatozoa in alpacas could be improved by adding SP. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the whole SP on some in vitro parameters of alpaca spermatozoa after the freezing-thawing-process and the fertility after artificial insemination. It would contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between thawed sperm cells and SP. Spermatozoa were obtained by surgically diverted vas deferens. The samples were diluted with a Tris-based extender, packaged in straws, and frozen. At thawing, each straw was divided into two post-thawing conditions: with the addition of 10% of PBS (control) or with 10% SP (treatment). The sperm cells were evaluated using dynamic parameters, sperm cell morphology, and morphometry. Fertility was assessed by an artificial insemination trial. All in vitro parameters were analyzed by ANOVA. A heterogeneity test was scheduled for the fertility trial. After the freezing-thawing process, motility and plasma membrane functionality was improved when SP was added. No differences were found for post-thaw viability between the control and treatment samples. The percentage of normal cells was higher with SP at post-thawing, and a decrease of the presence of bent tailed spermatozoa with a droplet in the SP group was observed. The length of the head spermatozoa was 3.4% higher in the samples with PBS compared to those in which SP was added. Females pregnant at day 25 post-insemination were 0/12 (with SP inside the straw) and 1/10 (without SP inside the straw). In conclusion, the presence of 10% SP at post-thawing improves sperm cells' motility, functionality, and morphology, indicating that it would be beneficial to improve the frozen-thawed alpaca's physiology spermatozoa. More fertility trials must be developed to increase this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo G Aisen
- Laboratorio de Teriogenología "Dr. Héctor H. Morello," Instituto de Biotecnología del Comahue-Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Facultad Cs. Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos, Argentina
| | - Wilfredo Huanca López
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel G Pérez Durand
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal y Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
| | - Edita Torres Mamani
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - Programa Nacional de Camélidos, Estación Experimental Quimsachata-ILLPA-Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Puno, Peru
| | - Juan C Villanueva Mori
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - María J Ousset
- Laboratorio de Teriogenología "Dr. Héctor H. Morello," Instituto de Biotecnología del Comahue-Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Facultad Cs. Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos, Argentina
| | - Víctor H Medina
- Laboratorio de Teriogenología "Dr. Héctor H. Morello," Instituto de Biotecnología del Comahue-Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Facultad Cs. Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos, Argentina
| | - Uri H Pérez Guerra
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal y Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno, Peru
| | - Teodosio Huanca Mamani
- Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria - Programa Nacional de Camélidos, Estación Experimental Quimsachata-ILLPA-Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria, Puno, Peru
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13
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Guillén Palomino CY, Fumuso FG, Bertuzzi ML, Giuliano SM, Velásquez González N, Bariani MV, Carretero MI. Use of Androcoll-E TM to Separate Frozen-Thawed Llama Sperm From Seminal Plasma and Diluent. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:594926. [PMID: 33585592 PMCID: PMC7874046 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.594926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not easy to separate frozen-thawed South American camelid sperm from seminal plasma (SP) and diluents to be used for in vitro embryo production. The objective of this study was to evaluate Androcoll-E™ (AE) efficiency to separate llama sperm from SP and freezing extender in frozen-thawed semen. A total of 22 ejaculates from five Lama glama males were collected using electroejaculation. After performing semen analysis (sperm motility, concentration, viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity), samples were cryopreserved with a diluent containing lactose, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), egg yolk, and 7% dimethylformamide. After thawing, samples were divided in aliquots, one of which was used as a control and the others processed by AE. Experiment 1 (12 ejaculates): 100 μl of frozen-thawed semen was placed on top of 1,000 μl AE column and centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min. Experiment 2 (10 ejaculates): two samples of 100 μl of frozen-thawed semen were placed on two columns of 500 μl AE each, and both were centrifuged at 800 g for 10 and 20 min, respectively. Pellets were resuspended in Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) medium, and sperm parameters were evaluated. A significant decrease in all sperm parameters was observed in thawed samples compared to raw semen. AE allowed the separation of frozen-thawed sperm from SP and freezing extender independently from the height of the column used and time of centrifugation assayed. Although no significant differences were found between AE columns, higher sperm recovery was observed with 500 μl of AE coupled with 20 min of centrifugation. Despite the significant decrease observed in sperm motility in AE samples, no changes in sperm viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity were observed when comparing control thawed semen with the sperm recovered after AE (p > 0.05). The use of AE columns, either 500 or 1,000 μl, allows the separation of frozen-thawed llama sperm from SP and freezing extender, preserving the viability, membrane function, and acrosome integrity. Of the protocols studied, 800 g centrifugation during 20 min using a 500 μl column of AE would be the method of choice to process frozen-thawed llama semen destined for reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crissthel Yverlin Guillén Palomino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Reproductiva, Estación Experimental Agraria Canaán, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA-Ayacucho), La Molina, Perú
| | - Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lucía Bertuzzi
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana María Giuliano
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Velásquez González
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Victoria Bariani
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Ignacia Carretero
- Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Sari LM, Zampini R, Gonzalez Del Pino F, Argañaraz ME, Ratto MH, Apichela SA. Effects of NGF Addition on Llama ( Lama glama) Sperm Traits After Cooling. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:610597. [PMID: 33479599 PMCID: PMC7814774 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.610597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide new insights into the mechanisms through which seminal plasma proteins can protect sperm from damage caused during refrigeration, we evaluate the possibility that β-NGF can contribute to the improvement of sperm quality after cooling. First, β-NGF was detected in refrigerated sperm and compared with unrefrigerated sperm by western blotting of the proteins adsorbed by sperm, showing that native β-NGF is still present even 24 h after cooling only as an active form. Then, the effect of exogenous β-NGF on sperm quality after cooling was evaluated. A total of 12 ejaculates from male llamas (three ejaculates per male), were obtained by electro-ejaculation, diluted 4:1 with buffer Hepes-balanced salt solution and centrifuged at 800 × g for 8 min to remove the seminal plasma. Sperm were suspended in Tris-citrate-fructose-egg yolk diluent for a final concentration of 30 ×106/ml and cooled at 5°C for 24 h. After refrigeration, the extended sperm were equilibrated for 5 min at 37°C and divided into the following subgroups: sperm samples without treatment (control) and sperm samples supplemented with exogenous human β-NGF (10, 100, and 500 ng/ml). At 5, 30, and 60 min of incubation sperm were evaluated for sperm viability (using eosin/nigrosin stain), sperm motility and vigor (observed under light microscopy), and mitochondrial activity (using the JC-1 fluorescent marker). Vigor data were analyzed with the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. The rest of the variables were analyzed with a mixed models approach. Mean comparisons were performed using Fisher's LSD test with a confidence level of 95%. A principal components analysis was performed to analyze the relationships between variables. Treatment of 24 h cooled sperm with 10 or 100 ng/ml of human β-NGF increased the percentage of total motility and vigor (p < 0.05). Besides, an incubation time of 60 min would be adequate to improve sperm quality, since all variables are positively related. The significant improvement observed in the motility and vigor of post-refrigerated sperm suggests that supplementation with exogenous β-NGF may be profitable for the improvement of cooled llama sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Sari
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri" Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Renato Zampini
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri" Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Francisco Gonzalez Del Pino
- Cátedra de Zootecnia General I, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martin E Argañaraz
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri" Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Ratto
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri" Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Zootecnia General I, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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15
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Tibary A, Campbell A, Rodriguez JS, Ruiz AJ, Patino C, Ciccarelli M. Investigation of male and female infertility in llamas and alpacas. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:20-30. [PMID: 38769674 DOI: 10.1071/rd20257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Llamas and alpacas are important production animals in South America, with increasing interest in other parts of the world. Poor reproductive efficiency combined with several unique anatomical and physiological reproductive features offer challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility in camelids. This review presents an approach to the clinical investigation and common causes of infertility and subfertility in the male and female. The selection of males for breeding should be made based on complete evaluation to eliminate congenital and possibly hereditary disorders. Common disorders of the male reproductive system include testicular hypoplasia, testicular and epididymal cysts and testicular degeneration. Semen evaluation presents some challenges owing to the viscous nature of the ejaculate in these species. Females should be screened for congenital genital defects before breeding. Causes of subfertility in the female are dominated by ovarian and uterine disorders. A systematic clinical approach and the use of endometrial biopsy and advanced techniques, such as laparoscopy, allow early identification of these disorders. Further research is needed for continued understanding of the reproductive pathological processes in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Tibary
- Comparative Theriogenology Service, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA; and Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA; and Corresponding author
| | - Alexis Campbell
- Comparative Theriogenology Service, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA
| | - Jacobo S Rodriguez
- Comparative Theriogenology Service, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA; and Vista Equine, 5412 E County Road 32 E, Fort Collins, CO 80528, USA
| | - Agustin J Ruiz
- Newcastle Equine Rehabilitation and Reproduction Center, Broadmeadow, NSW 2292, Australia
| | - Cristian Patino
- Comparative Theriogenology Service, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA
| | - Michela Ciccarelli
- Comparative Theriogenology Service, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6610, USA
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16
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Carretero MI, Arraztoa CC, Fumuso FG, Chaves MG, Santa Cruz RC, Neild DM. Dehydration of llama sperm using different osmolarity media and temperatures for preservation. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 225:106683. [PMID: 33388611 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of dehydration on sperm DNA with the aim of eventually using this method for preserving llama spermatozoa. Two experiments were conducted: 1) sperm preservation at 5 °C for 60 days in different hyperosmotic solutions (500, 800, 1000 and 1200 mOsmol/l) (n = 6, replications = 2) and 2) sperm preservation at 5 and -20 °C for 60 days in the same hyperosmotic solutions, with supplementary antibiotics (n = 6, replications = 2). Sperm motility, membrane functional integrity, viability and morphology were evaluated at 0 and 48 h of the preservation period (Experiment 1) and at 30 min and 24 h (Experiment 2). Sperm DNA was evaluated at 0 or 30 min (Experiment 1 and 2, respectively) and on days 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 of the preservation periods. Motility, membrane functional integrity and viability were less when sperm were dehydrated, while sperm cell morphology was not affected. There was a smaller percentage of sperm with condensed chromatin as duration of the preservation period increased when stored in the different hyperosmotic solutions. There was a markedly smaller (P < 0.05) percentage of sperm with intact DNA in all solutions as the duration of preservation increased, with there being greater values for intact DNA at -20 °C than sperm preserved at 5 °C. Llama sperm chromatin condensation was slightly affected by the process of dehydration. There was a markedly smaller percentage of sperm with intact DNA in the dehydrated semen samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ignacia Carretero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Claudia Cecilia Arraztoa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Graciela Chaves
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina
| | - Romina Carla Santa Cruz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina
| | - Deborah Margarita Neild
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Argentina
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17
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Carretero MI, Chaves MG, Arraztoa CC, Fumuso FG, Gambarotta MC, Neild DM. Air-Drying Llama Sperm Affects DNA Integrity. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:597952. [PMID: 33363235 PMCID: PMC7758352 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.597952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of air-drying preservation on llama sperm DNA. Semen collections were carried out using electroejaculation under general anesthesia. A total of 16 ejaculates were processed from 4 males (n = 4, r = 4). Each sample was diluted 4:1 in a collagenase solution in TALP media, then incubated and centrifuged at 800 g for 8 min. The pellet was re-suspended to a concentration of 20 million sperm/ml in TALP. Then the samples were placed onto sterile slides forming lines and were left to dry under laminar flow for 15 min. After this, the slides were placed into Falcon centrifuge tubes and kept at 5°C. Sperm characteristics (motility, membrane function, viability and morphology) were evaluated in raw semen and in the air-dried samples kept at 5°C for 30 min. DNA evaluation (integrity and degree of chromatin condensation) was carried out in raw semen and in the air-dried samples after 30 min, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 60 days after preservation. To compare raw semen to the air-dried samples, a Wilcoxon test was used for all sperm characteristics except for DNA, where a paired Student t-test was applied. A split plot design was used to compare chromatin condensation between the different periods of preservation and a Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare DNA integrity. Motility, membrane function, viability and sperm with intact DNA decreased in the air-dried samples (p < 0.05), while morphology and chromatin condensation were not affected (p > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the percentage of sperm with condensed chromatin between the different periods of preservation (p > 0.05). On the other hand, a significant decrease in the percentage of sperm with intact DNA was observed as from day 7 of preservation (p < 0.05). In conclusion the air-drying process has a negative effect on llama sperm DNA, hence the media used will need to be improved to protect DNA and be able to implement this technique in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ignacia Carretero
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Graciela Chaves
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Cecilia Arraztoa
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Gabriela Fumuso
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Deborah Margarita Neild
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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18
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Zampini R, Castro-González XA, Sari LM, Martin A, Diaz AV, Argañaraz ME, Apichela SA. Effect of Cooling and Freezing on Llama ( Lama glama) Sperm Ultrastructure. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:587596. [PMID: 33195617 PMCID: PMC7655875 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.587596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation in South American camelids has a low efficiency. Post-thaw viability of sperm is low, and poor results are obtained when artificial insemination is performed with cryopreserved semen, impeding advances both in accelerated genetic progress and selection. This study aimed to describe the effect of a conventional method of camelid semen cryopreservation on the llama sperm ultrastructure during cooling and freezing, using transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). Sperm motility, vigor, viability, and DNA integrity during those steps were also examined. Ejaculates from five fertile adult llama males were obtained by electroejaculation. For cooling, semen samples were washed with Hepes-balanced salt solution (HBSS), diluted in Tris-citric acid-fructose egg yolk extender (TCF-EY), and then cooled until 5°C for 24 h. For freezing, sperm samples were washed with HBSS, diluted in TCF-EY and cooled until 5°C for 2.5 h. Samples were equilibrated with TCF-EY, supplemented with 6% glycerol at 5°C for 20 min, and then stored in liquid nitrogen for a month before thawing. TEM and SEM analyses were carried out on sperm samples prior to cryopreservation, after cooling down until 5°C for 2.5 and 24 h, and after the freeze-thaw process. Ultrastructural injury was noticed during cooling, even though sperm motility, vigor, viability, and DNA integrity were not significantly affected. Analysis revealed plasma membrane and acrosome damage, loss of mitochondria, and axoneme and periaxonemal structure disorganization after 2.5 h of cooling. During freezing, a significant decrease in sperm motility and viability was observed after thawing. TEM and SEM revealed prominent signs of post-thawing damage. The plasma membrane was lost or exhibited various degrees of swelling, undulation, and perforations. Besides, the sperm presented vacuoles in the nucleus and broken acrosomes. Mitochondria in the midpiece showed vacuolization and structural disorganization. In conclusion, SEM and TEM revealed that cryopreservation induced ultrastructural damages in llama sperm that initiated during cooling and intensified during freezing. These details provide valuable data for further studies to minimize cryodamage in camelid sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Zampini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ximena A Castro-González
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Luciana M Sari
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Alfredo Martin
- Cátedra de Técnicas Quirúrgicas, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido (IIACS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Leales, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana V Diaz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martin E Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (CONICET-UNT), Instituto de Biología "Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri", Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Zootecnia General I, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Sari LM, Zampini R, Argañaraz ME, Ratto MH, Apichela SA. Effect of mating on mRNA and protein expression of beta nerve growth factor and its receptor, TrKA, in the oviduct of llama (Lama glama). Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:1133-1140. [PMID: 33022130 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Copulation produces different stimuli in the female reproductive tract in camelids, which lead to ovulation. Expression of β-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) and its specific receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrKA), was studied comparing the oviductal microenvironment of mated and nonmated llamas. β-NGF and TrKA were expressed in the llama ampulla, isthmus, and utero-tubal-junction (UTJ), and they were mainly colocalized in the apical region of the oviductal mucosa. A TrKA immunosignal was also found in muscle cells and blood vessels, with the highest mark in UTJ muscle cells of copulated females. Both β-NGF and TrKA transcripts were expressed in the three oviductal segments. Relative TrKA abundance did not differ between mated and nonmated females, but relative β-NGF abundance was higher in the UTJ of copulated females (p < .05). β-NGF might not be secreted into the oviductal fluid (OF) since the protein was not found in the OF of mated or nonmated females. Therefore, it can be concluded that the llama oviduct expresses the β-NGF/TrKA system and that an increase in β-NGF gene expression in the UTJ 24 h after copulation along with an increase in TrKA protein expression may indicate an important role in the gamete transport and fertilization process in llamas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Sari
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Renato Zampini
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Martin E Argañaraz
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Marcelo H Ratto
- Departamento de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Silvana A Apichela
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET, San Miguel de Tucuman, Tucumán, Argentina.,Cátedra de Zootecnia General I, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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