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Yuan S, Bremmer A, Yang X, Li J, Hu Q. Splittable systems in biomedical applications. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 39012216 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00709c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Splittable systems have emerged as a powerful approach for the precise spatiotemporal control of biological processes. This concept relies on splitting a functional molecule into inactive fragments, which can be reassembled under specific conditions or stimuli to regain activity. Several binding pairs and orthogonal split fragments are introduced by fusing with other modalities to develop more complex and robust designs. One of the pillars of these splittable systems is modularity, which involves decoupling targeting, activation, and effector functions. Challenges, such as off-target effects and overactivation, can be addressed through precise control. This review provides an overview of the design principles, strategies, and applications of splittable systems across diverse fields including immunotherapy, gene editing, prodrug activation, biosensing, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Alexa Bremmer
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Xicheng Yang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Jiayue Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison (UW-Madison), Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Gnesin S, Chouin N, Cherel M, Dunn SM, Schaefer N, Faivre-Chauvet A, Prior JO, Delage JA. From bench to bedside: 64Cu/ 177Lu 1C1m-Fc anti TEM-1: mice-to-human dosimetry extrapolations for future theranostic applications. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:59. [PMID: 37314509 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals is an hot topic in nuclear medicine. Several radiolabeled antibodies are under development necessitating both biokinetic and dosimetry extrapolations for effective human translation. The validation of different animal-to-human dosimetry extrapolation methods still is an open issue. This study reports the mice-to-human dosimetry extrapolation of 64Cu/177Lu 1C1m-Fc anti-TEM-1 for theranostic application in soft-tissue sarcomas. We adopt four methods; direct mice-to-human extrapolation (M1); dosimetry extrapolation considering a relative mass scaling factor (M2), application of a metabolic scaling factor (M3) and combination of M2 and M3 (M4). Predicted in-human dosimetry for the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc resulted in an effective dose of 0.05 mSv/MBq. Absorbed dose (AD) extrapolation for the [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc indicated that the AD of 2 Gy and 4 Gy to the red-marrow and total-body can be reached with 5-10 GBq and 25-30 GBq of therapeutic activity administration respectively depending on applied dosimetry method. Dosimetry extrapolation methods provided significantly different absorbed doses in organs. Dosimetry properties for the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc are suitable for a diagnostic in-human use. The therapeutic application of [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc presents challenges and would benefit from further assessments in animals' models such as dogs before moving into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvano Gnesin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Chouin
- Inserm, CNRS, University of Angers, Oniris, CRCI2NA, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Cherel
- CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, University of Nantes, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Steven Mark Dunn
- LAbCore, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Judith Anna Delage
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Green synthesis of silica-coated magnetic nanocarriers for simultaneous purification-immobilization of β-1,3-xylanase. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123223. [PMID: 36639070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring magnetic nanocarriers with tunable properties is of great significance for the development of multifunctional candidate materials in numerous fields. Herein, we report a one-pot biomimetic silicification-based method for the synthesis of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The synthesis process was mild, low cost, and highly efficient, which took only about 21 min compared with 4.5-120 h in other literature. Then, the carriers had been characterized by VSM, SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, and EDS to confirm their function. To evaluate the usefulness of the carriers, they were adopted to couple the purification and immobilization of β-1,3-xylanase from the cell lysate in a single step with high immobilization yield (92.8 %) and high activity recovery (82.4 %). The immobilized enzyme also retained 58.4 % of the initial activity after 10 cycles and displayed good storage properties, and improved thermal stability, which would be promising in algae biomass bioconversion as well as other diverse applications.
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Cai L, Zheng Y, Chu Y, Lin Y, Liu L, Zhang G. The synergism of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases with lichenase and their co-immobilization on silica nanospheres for green conversion of lichen biomass. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970540. [PMID: 36337671 PMCID: PMC9626761 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-assisted valorization of lichenan represents a green and sustainable alternative to the conventional chemical industry. The recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are essential components of state-of-the-art enzyme cocktails for lichenin bioconversion. The LPMOs named SpyTag fused LPMOs (AST) from Chaetomium globosum was functionally expressed in E. coli and exhibited 1.25-fold synergism with lichenase, whereas AST alone produced no detectable reducing sugars. HPLC results further confirm that AST does not alter the endogenous hydrolysis mode of lichenase but rather enhances its hydrolysis efficiency by disrupting the long chain of lichenan and releasing more reducing ends. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report on the synergistic effect of LPMOs and lichenase, which may have great synergistic potential in the conversion of lichen biomass. Furthermore, a novel strategy for the covalently immobilizing AST and lichenase on silica nanoparticles (SNPs) from the cell lysate in a single step was proposed, which exhibited high activity recovery (82.9%) and high immobilization yield (94.8%). After 12 independent runs, about 67.4 % of the initial activity of the immobilized enzymes was retained. The resulted biocatalyst systems exhibited the green and sustainable strategy in the bioconversion of lichen biomass as well as other diverse polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixi Cai
- College of Basic Medicine, Putian University, Putian, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical and Medical Technology, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Yunmeng Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuanqing Lin
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Putian University, Putian, China
- Key Laboratory of Translational Tumor Medicine in Fujian Province, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Guangya Zhang,
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Ledsgaard L, Ljungars A, Rimbault C, Sørensen CV, Tulika T, Wade J, Wouters Y, McCafferty J, Laustsen AH. Advances in antibody phage display technology. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2151-2169. [PMID: 35550436 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phage display technology can be used for the discovery of antibodies for research, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we present and discuss key parameters that can be optimized when performing phage display selection campaigns, including the use of different antibody formats and advanced strategies for antigen presentation, such as immobilization, liposomes, nanodiscs, virus-like particles, and whole cells. Furthermore, we provide insights into selection strategies that can be used for the discovery of antibodies with complex binding requirements, such as targeting a specific epitope, cross-reactivity, or pH-dependent binding. Lastly, we provide a description of specialized phage display libraries for the discovery of bispecific antibodies and pH-sensitive antibodies. Together, these methods can be used to improve antibody discovery campaigns against all types of antigen. Teaser: This review provides an overview of the different strategies that can be exploited to improve the success rate of antibody phage display discovery campaigns, addressing key parameters, such as antigen presentation, selection methodologies, and specialized libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Ledsgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anne Ljungars
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Rimbault
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoffer V Sørensen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tulika Tulika
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jack Wade
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yessica Wouters
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John McCafferty
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Medicine, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andreas H Laustsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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A cell-based phenotypic library selection and screening approach for the de novo discovery of novel functional chimeric antigen receptors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1136. [PMID: 35064152 PMCID: PMC8782825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor therapies that seek to exploit and redirect the cytotoxic killing and effector potential of autologous or syngeneic T cells have shown extraordinary promise and efficacy in certain clinical settings. Such cells, when engineered to express synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) acquire novel targeting and activation properties which are governed and orchestrated by, typically, antibody fragments specific for a tumor antigen of interest. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that not all antibodies are equal in this regard, with a growing appreciation that ‘optimal’ CAR performance requires a consideration of multiple structural and contextual parameters. Thus, antibodies raised by classical approaches and intended for other applications often perform poorly or not at all when repurposed as CARs. With this in mind, we have explored the potential of an in vitro phenotypic CAR library discovery approach that tightly associates antibody-driven bridging of tumor and effector T cells with an informative and functionally relevant CAR activation reporter signal. Critically, we demonstrate the utility of this enrichment methodology for ‘real world’ de novo discovery by isolating several novel anti-mesothelin CAR-active scFv candidates.
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Copper-64-Labeled 1C1m-Fc, a New Tool for TEM-1 PET Imaging and Prediction of Lutetium-177-Labeled 1C1m-Fc Therapy Efficacy and Safety. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235936. [PMID: 34885044 PMCID: PMC8657097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevalence of TEM-1 in the vasculature and the stroma of solid tumors and in malignant cells of sarcomas suggests that targeting TEM-1 could have therapeutic benefit. In this context, an anti-TEM-1 companion diagnostic may assist in the personalized medicine approach, whereby TEM-1 expression is exploited as a biomarker to select patients that would most benefit from a treatment directed toward the TEM-1 antigen. In our previous works, we have selected 1C1m-Fc, a fusion protein antibody, radiolabeled it with 177Lu and demonstrated that [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc has interesting therapeutic performance. To define a suitable radiopharmaceutical companion for theranostic applications, 64Cu was chosen to radiolabel the fusion protein antibody. The aim of this work was thus to determine if [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc can be considered for TEM-1 PET imaging and to predict the dosimetry of the [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc companion therapy. Abstract 1C1m-Fc, a promising anti-TEM-1 DOTA conjugate, was labeled with 64Cu to target cancer cells for PET imaging and predicting the efficacy and safety of a previously studied [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc companion therapy. DOTA-conjugated 1C1m-Fc was characterized by mass spectrometry, thin layer chromatography and immunoreactivity assessment. PET/CT and biodistribution studies were performed in human neuroblastoma xenografted mice. Absorbed doses were assessed from biodistribution results and extrapolated to 177Lu based on the [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc data. The immunoreactivity was ≥ 70% after 48 h of incubation in serum, and the specificity of [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc for the target was validated. High-resolution PET/CT images were obtained, with the best tumor-to-organ ratios reached at 24 or 48 h and correlated with results of the biodistribution study. Healthy organs receiving the highest doses were the liver, the kidneys and the uterus. [64Cu]Cu-1C1m-Fc could be of interest to give an indication of 177Lu dosimetry for parenchymal organs. In the uterus and the tumor, characterized by specific TEM-1 expression, the 177Lu-extrapolated absorbed doses are overestimated because of the lack of later measurement time points. Nevertheless, 1C1m-Fc radiolabeled with 64Cu for imaging would appear as an interesting radionuclide companion for therapeutic application with [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc.
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Tang S, Liao D, Li X, Lin Y, Han S, Zheng S. Cell-Free Biosynthesis System: Methodology and Perspective of in Vitro Efficient Platform for Pyruvate Biosynthesis and Transformation. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:2417-2433. [PMID: 34529398 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The modification of intracellular metabolic pathways by metabolic engineering has generated many engineered strains with relatively high yields of various target products in the past few decades. However, the unpredictable accumulation of toxic products, the cell membrane barrier, and competition between the carbon flux of cell growth and product synthesis have severely retarded progress toward the industrial-scale production of many essential chemicals. On the basis of an in-depth understanding of intracellular metabolic pathways, scientists intend to explore more sustainable methods and construct a cell-free biosynthesis system in vitro. In this review, the synthesis and application of pyruvate as a platform compound is used as an example to introduce cell-free biosynthesis systems. We systematically summarize a proposed methodology workflow of cell-free biosynthesis systems, including pathway design, enzyme mining, enzyme modification, multienzyme assembly, and pathway optimization. Some new methods, such as machine learning, are also mentioned in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Daocheng Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ying Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shuangyan Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Suiping Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
- Guangdong Research Center of Industrial Enzyme and Green Manufacturing Technology, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Fierle JK, Brioschi M, de Tiani M, Wetterwald L, Atsaves V, Abram-Saliba J, Petrova TV, Coukos G, Dunn SM. Soluble trivalent engagers redirect cytolytic T cell activity toward tumor endothelial marker 1. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100362. [PMID: 34467246 PMCID: PMC8385295 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) is an emerging cancer target with a unique dual expression profile. First, TEM1 is expressed in the stroma and neo-vasculature of many human carcinomas but is largely absent from healthy adult tissues. Second, TEM1 is expressed by tumor cells of mesenchymal origin, notably sarcoma. Here, we present two fully human anti-TEM1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) reagents, namely, 1C1m and 7G22, that recognize distinct regions of the extracellular domain and possess substantially different affinities. In contrast to other, well-described anti-TEM1 binders, these fragments confer cytolytic activity when expressed as 2nd generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Moreover, both molecules selectively redirect human T cell effector functions toward TEM1+ tumor cells when incorporated into experimental soluble bispecific trivalent engagers that we term TriloBiTEs (tBs). Furthermore, systemic delivery of 1C1m-tB prevents the establishment of Ewing sarcoma tumors in a xenograft model. Our observations confirm TEM1 as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy and illustrate the prospective translational potential of certain scFv-based reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Fierle
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Brioschi
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mariastella de Tiani
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laureline Wetterwald
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Vasileios Atsaves
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Johan Abram-Saliba
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Centre hospitalier universitaire vaudois (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steven M Dunn
- LAbCore Immunoglobulin Discovery Platform, Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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Cai L, Chu Y, Liu X, Qiu Y, Ge Z, Zhang G. A novel all-in-one strategy for purification and immobilization of β-1,3-xylanase directly from cell lysate as active and recyclable nanobiocatalyst. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:37. [PMID: 33549102 PMCID: PMC7866670 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring a simple and versatile technique for direct immobilization of target enzymes from cell lysate without prior purification is urgently needed. Thus, a novel all-in-one strategy for purification and immobilization of β-1,3-xylanase was proposed, the target enzymes were covalently immobilized on silica nanoparticles via elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs)-based biomimetic silicification and SpyTag/SpyCatcher spontaneous reaction. Thus, the functional carriers that did not require the time-consuming surface modification step were quickly and efficiently prepared. These carriers could specifically immobilize the SpyTag-fused target enzymes from the cell lysate without pre-purification. RESULTS The ELPs-SpyCatcher hardly leaked from the carriers (0.5%), and the immobilization yield of enzyme was up to 96%. Immobilized enzyme retained 85.6% of the initial activity and showed 88.6% of the activity recovery. Compared with free ones, the immobilized β-1,3-xylanase showed improved thermal stability, elevated storage stability and good pH tolerance. It also retained more than 70.6% of initial activity after 12 reaction cycles, demonstrating its excellent reusability. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly highlighted the effectiveness of the novel enzyme immobilization method proposed here due to the improvement of overall performance of immobilized enzyme in respect to free form for the hydrolysis of macromolecular substrates. Thus, it may have great potential in the conversion of algae biomass as well as other related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixi Cai
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.,Faculty of Basic Medicine, Putian University, Putian, 351100, Fujian, China
| | - Yunmen Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongqi Ge
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
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Impact of DOTA Conjugation on Pharmacokinetics and Immunoreactivity of [ 177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc, an Anti TEM-1 Fusion Protein Antibody in a TEM-1 Positive Tumor Mouse Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010096. [PMID: 33451158 PMCID: PMC7828678 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1C1m-Fc, an anti-tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM-1) scFv-Fc fusion protein antibody, was previously successfully radiolabeled with 177Lu. TEM-1 specific tumor uptake was observed together with a non-saturation dependent liver uptake that could be related to the number of dodecane tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator per 1C1m-Fc. The objective of this study was to verify this hypothesis and to find the best DOTA per 1C1m-Fc ratio for theranostic applications. 1C1m-Fc was conjugated with six concentrations of DOTA. High-pressure liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, immunoreactivity assessment, and biodistribution studies in mice bearing TEM-1 positive tumors were performed. A multi-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to fit the data and a global pharmacokinetic model was developed to illustrate the effect of liver capture and immunoreactivity loss. Organ absorbed doses in mice were calculated from biodistribution results. A loss of immunoreactivity was observed with the highest DOTA per 1C1m-Fc ratio. Except for the spleen and bone, an increase of DOTA per 1C1m-Fc ratio resulted in an increase of liver uptake and absorbed dose and a decrease of uptake in tumor and other tissues. Pharmacokinetic models correlated these results. The number of DOTA per antibody played a determining role in tumor targeting. One DOTA per 1C1m-Fc gave the best pharmacokinetic behavior for a future translation of [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc in patients.
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12
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Biological evaluation of new TEM1 targeting recombinant antibodies for radioimmunotherapy: In vitro, in vivo and in silico studies. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:233-244. [PMID: 33271301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The tumour endothelial marker 1 (TEM1/endosialin/CD248) is a receptor overexpressed in several human solid tumours and silenced in normal adult tissues, representing a suitable and potentially safe target for radioimmunotherapy of sarcoma. To develop new tools with improved TEM1 targeting properties, a new panel of antibody fragments was for the first time evaluated preclinically following 125I radiolabelling. The antibody fragment 1C1m-Fc, with the highest human/murine TEM1 binding affinity, was extensively characterized in vitro and in vivo in a Ewing's sarcoma human xenograft mouse model. In silico studies were also performed to elucidate the influence of a single amino acid mutation in the complementarity-determining region (CDR3) of the heavy chain, upon affinity maturation of the parental clone 1C1-Fc. From this study, 1C1m-Fc emerged as a promising candidate for the development of TEM1-targeted radioimmunoconjugates, namely to be further explored for theranostic applications with other suitable medical radionuclides.
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Karimi Baba Ahmadi M, Mohammadi SA, Makvandi M, Mamoueie M, Rahmati M, Wood D. Column-free purification and coating of SpyCatcher protein on ELISA wells generates universal solid support for capturing of SpyTag-fusion protein from the non-purified condition. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 174:105650. [PMID: 32360597 PMCID: PMC7189850 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
•Spy Tag-Protein covalent interaction is rapid and specific method for protein immobilization.•Column free purification of SpyCatcher protein enables develop a universal solid support for SpyTag protein purification.•This method is highly simple and applicable to other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karimi Baba Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Mamoueie
- Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - David Wood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Hofmann T, Krah S, Sellmann C, Zielonka S, Doerner A. Greatest Hits-Innovative Technologies for High Throughput Identification of Bispecific Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6551. [PMID: 32911608 PMCID: PMC7554978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have shown a tremendous increase and diversification in antibody-based therapeutics with advances in production techniques and formats. The plethora of currently investigated bi- to multi-specific antibody architectures can be harnessed to elicit a broad variety of specific modes of actions in oncology and immunology, spanning from enhanced selectivity to effector cell recruitment, all of which cannot be addressed by monospecific antibodies. Despite continuously growing efforts and methodologies, the identification of an optimal bispecific antibody as the best possible combination of two parental monospecific binders, however, remains challenging, due to tedious cloning and production, often resulting in undesired extended development times and increased expenses. Although automated high throughput screening approaches have matured for pharmaceutical small molecule development, it was only recently that protein bioconjugation technologies have been developed for the facile generation of bispecific antibodies in a 'plug and play' manner. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant methodologies for bispecific screening purposes-the DuoBody concept, paired light chain single cell production approaches, Sortase A and Transglutaminase, the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, and inteins-and elaborate on the benefits as well as drawbacks of the different technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hofmann
- Advanced Cell Culture Technologies, Merck Life Sciences KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany;
| | - Simon Krah
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Carolin Sellmann
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (S.K.); (C.S.); (S.Z.)
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15
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Delage JA, Faivre-Chauvet A, Fierle JK, Gnesin S, Schaefer N, Coukos G, Dunn SM, Viertl D, Prior JO. 177Lu radiolabeling and preclinical theranostic study of 1C1m-Fc: an anti-TEM-1 scFv-Fc fusion protein in soft tissue sarcoma. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:98. [PMID: 32804276 PMCID: PMC7431510 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE TEM-1 (tumor endothelial marker-1) is a single-pass transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein expressed at high levels by tumor vasculature and malignant cells. We aimed to perform a preclinical investigation of a novel anti-TEM-1 scFv-Fc fusion antibody, 1C1m-Fc, which was radiolabeled with 177Lu for use in soft tissue sarcomas models. METHODS 1C1m-Fc was first conjugated to p-SCN-Bn-DOTA using different excess molar ratios and labeled with 177Lu. To determine radiolabeled antibody immunoreactivity, Lindmo assays were performed. The in vivo behavior of [177Lu]Lu-1C1m-Fc was characterized in mice bearing TEM-1 positive (SK-N-AS) and negative (HT-1080) tumors by biodistribution and single-photon emission SPECT/CT imaging studies. Estimated organ absorbed doses were obtained based on biodistribution results. RESULTS The DOTA conjugation and the labeling with 177Lu were successful with a radiochemical purity of up to 95%. Immunoreactivity after radiolabeling was 86% ± 4%. Biodistribution showed a specific uptake in TEM-1 positive tumor versus liver as critical non-specific healthy organ, and this specificity is correlated to the number of chelates per antibody. A 1.9-fold higher signal at 72 h was observed in SPECT/CT imaging in TEM-1 positive tumors versus control tumors. CONCLUSION TEM-1 is a promising target that could allow a theranostic approach to soft-tissue sarcoma, and 1C1m-Fc appears to be a suitable targeting candidate. In this study, we observed the influence of the ratio DOTA/antibody on the biodistribution. The next step will be to investigate the best conjugation to achieve an optimal tumor-to-organ radioactivity ratio and to perform therapy in murine xenograft models as a prelude to future translation in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Delage
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Faivre-Chauvet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J K Fierle
- LAbCore, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Gnesin
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Schaefer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S M Dunn
- LAbCore, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Viertl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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16
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Kesidis A, Depping P, Lodé A, Vaitsopoulou A, Bill RM, Goddard AD, Rothnie AJ. Expression of eukaryotic membrane proteins in eukaryotic and prokaryotic hosts. Methods 2020; 180:3-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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