1
|
Zhao N, Zhu X, Xie L, Guan X, Tang L, Jiang G, Pang T. The Combination of Citicoline and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Induces Neurite Outgrowth and Mitigates Vascular Cognitive Impairment via SIRT1/CREB Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:4261-4277. [PMID: 37812361 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) is characterized with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), which currently has few effective therapies in clinic. Neuronal damage and white matter injury are involved in the pathogenesis of VCI. Citicoline has been demonstrated to exhibit neuroprotection and neurorepair to improve cognition in cerebrovascular diseases. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent sirtuin (SIRT) signaling pathway constitutes a strong intrinsic defense system against various stresses including neuroinflammation in VCI. Our hypothesis is that the combined use of citicoline and the precursor of NAD+, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), could enhance action on cognitive function in VCI. We investigated the synergistic effect of these two drugs in the rat model of VCI by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Citicoline significantly enhanced neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells, and the combination of citicoline and NMN remarkably induced neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells and primary cortical neuronal cells with an optimal proportion of 4:1. In the rat model of BCCAO, when two drugs in combination of 160 mg/kg citicoline and 40 mg/kg NMN, this combination administrated at 7 days post-BCCAO significantly improved the cognitive impairment in BCCAO rats compared with vehicle group by the analysis of the Morris water maze and the novel object recognition test. This combination also decreased microglial activation and neuroinflammation, and protected white matter integrity indicated by the increased myelin basic protein (MBP) expression through activation of SIRT1/TORC1/CREB signaling pathway. Our results suggest that the combination of citicoline and NMN has a synergistic effect for the treatment of VD associated with VCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, 728 Yucai North Road, Hangzhou, 311200, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, 728 Yucai North Road, Hangzhou, 311200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, New Drug Screening Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, #24 Tong Jia Xiang Street, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Zhang Z, Lin H. Research progress on the reduced neural repair ability of aging Schwann cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1228282. [PMID: 37545880 PMCID: PMC10398339 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1228282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is associated with delayed repair of the injured nerves in elderly patients, resulting in loss of nerve function, chronic pain, muscle atrophy, and permanent disability. Therefore, the mechanism underlying the delayed repair of peripheral nerves in aging patients should be investigated. Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in repairing PNI and regulating various nerve-repair genes after injury. SCs also promote peripheral nerve repair through various modalities, including mediating nerve demyelination, secreting neurotrophic factors, establishing Büngner bands, clearing axon and myelin debris, and promoting axon remyelination. However, aged SCs undergo structural and functional changes, leading to demyelination and dedifferentiation disorders, decreased secretion of neurotrophic factors, impaired clearance of axonal and myelin debris, and reduced capacity for axon remyelination. As a result, aged SCs may result in delayed repair of nerves after injury. This review article aimed to examine the mechanism underlying the diminished neural repair ability of aging SCs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Obrecht M, Zurbruegg S, Accart N, Lambert C, Doelemeyer A, Ledermann B, Beckmann N. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound elastography in the context of preclinical pharmacological research: significance for the 3R principles. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1177421. [PMID: 37448960 PMCID: PMC10337591 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1177421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3Rs principles-reduction, refinement, replacement-are at the core of preclinical research within drug discovery, which still relies to a great extent on the availability of models of disease in animals. Minimizing their distress, reducing their number as well as searching for means to replace them in experimental studies are constant objectives in this area. Due to its non-invasive character in vivo imaging supports these efforts by enabling repeated longitudinal assessments in each animal which serves as its own control, thereby enabling to reduce considerably the animal utilization in the experiments. The repetitive monitoring of pathology progression and the effects of therapy becomes feasible by assessment of quantitative biomarkers. Moreover, imaging has translational prospects by facilitating the comparison of studies performed in small rodents and humans. Also, learnings from the clinic may be potentially back-translated to preclinical settings and therefore contribute to refining animal investigations. By concentrating on activities around the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound elastography to small rodent models of disease, we aim to illustrate how in vivo imaging contributes primarily to reduction and refinement in the context of pharmacological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Obrecht
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Zurbruegg
- Neurosciences Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Accart
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lambert
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Ledermann
- 3Rs Leader, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Diseases of Aging and Regenerative Medicines, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rich KA, Pino MG, Yalvac ME, Fox A, Harris H, Balch MHH, Arnold WD, Kolb SJ. Impaired motor unit recovery and maintenance in a knock-in mouse model of ALS-associated Kif5a variant. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106148. [PMID: 37164288 PMCID: PMC10874102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) is an essential, neuron-specific microtubule-associated motor protein responsible for the anterograde axonal transport of various cellular cargos. Loss of function variants in the N-terminal, microtubule-binding domain are associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia and hereditary motor neuropathy. These variants result in a loss of the ability of the mutant protein to process along microtubules. Contrastingly, gain of function splice-site variants in the C-terminal, cargo-binding domain of KIF5A are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease involving death of upper and lower motor neurons, ultimately leading to degradation of the motor unit (MU; an alpha motor neuron and all the myofibers it innervates) and death. These ALS-associated variants result in loss of autoinhibition, increased procession of the mutant protein along microtubules, and altered cargo binding. To study the molecular and cellular consequences of ALS-associated variants in vivo, we introduced the murine homolog of an ALS-associated KIF5A variant into C57BL/6 mice using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing which produced mutant Kif5a mRNA and protein in neuronal tissues of heterozygous (Kif5a+/c.3005+1G>A; HET) and homozygous (Kif5ac.3005+1G>A/c.3005+1G>A; HOM) mice. HET and HOM mice appeared normal in behavioral and electrophysiological (compound muscle action potential [CMAP] and MU number estimation [MUNE]) outcome measures at one year of age. When subjected to sciatic nerve injury, HET and HOM mice have delayed and incomplete recovery of the MUNE compared to wildtype (WT) mice suggesting an impairment in MU repair. Moreover, aged mutant Kif5a mice (aged two years) had reduced MUNE independent of injury, and exacerbation of the delayed and incomplete recovery after injury compared to aged WT mice. These data suggest that ALS-associated variants may result in an impairment of the MU to respond to biological challenges such as injury and aging, leading to a failure of MU repair and maintenance. In this report, we present the behavioral, electrophysiological and pathological characterization of mice harboring an ALS-associated Kif5a variant to understand the functional consequences of KIF5A C-terminal variants in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Rich
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Megan G Pino
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mehmet E Yalvac
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashley Fox
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hallie Harris
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria H H Balch
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W David Arnold
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, MO, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Stephen J Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang LH, Pan ZY, Pan YJ, Yang FY. Magnetization transfer ratio for assessing remyelination after transcranial ultrasound stimulation in the lysolecithin rat model of multiple sclerosis. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1403-1411. [PMID: 35368059 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is capable of attenuating myelin loss and providing neuroprotection in animal models of brain disorders. In this study, we investigated the ability of TUS to promote remyelination in the lysolecithin (LPC)-induced local demyelination in the hippocampus. Demyelination was induced by the micro-injection of 1.5 μL LPC (1%) into the rat hippocampus and the treated group received daily TUS for 5 or 12 days. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques, including magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and T2-weighted imaging, were used to longitudinally characterize the demyelination model. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of TUS on LPC-induced demyelination were assessed by Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining. Our data revealed that reductions in MTR values observed during demyelination recover almost completely upon remyelination. The MTR values in demyelinated lesions were significantly higher in TUS-treated rats than in the LPC-only group after undergoing TUS. Form histological observation, TUS significantly reduced the size of demyelinated lesion 7 days after LPC administration. This study demonstrated that MTR was a sensitive and reproducible quantitative marker to assess remyelination process in vivo during TUS treatment. These findings might open new promising treatment strategies for demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Yun Pan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Sec. 2, Nanya S. Rd., Banciao Dist., New Taipei City 220, Taiwan.,Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weiss JBW, Spuerck F, Kollar B, Eisenhardt SU. Age-related outcome of facial reanimation surgery using cross face nerve graft and gracilis free functional muscle transfer-A retrospective cohort study. Microsurgery 2022; 42:557-567. [PMID: 35579294 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free functional muscle transfer has become the criterion standard for the treatment of long-standing flaccid facial paralysis. Clinical experience suggests that a two-stage approach using a cross-face nerve graft (CFNG) as a donor nerve for free functional muscle transfers (FFMT) is less successful in older patients when compared to the pediatric population. However, clear data and scientific evidence are still rare. This study examines the age-related outcome of CFNG-driven FFMT. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with a mean age of 20.73 years (ranging 5-51 years) who received two-stage facial reanimation with CFNG-driven gracilis FFMT at our institution from 1998 to 2019 were included. The ipsilateral sural nerve was used as CFNG. After 12 months, the ipsilateral gracilis muscle was used as FFMT. Patients were distributed equally into three cohorts according to their age. We assessed facial symmetry before and after facial reanimation measuring the angle between the interpupillary and the intermodiolar line (pupillo-modiolar angle). Additionally, the commissure height was measured using the Emotrics software. RESULTS The mean follow-up of the pediatric, young adults and the middle-aged cohort was 29.5 ± 7.3, 24.9 ± 6.3, and 25.5 ± 12.4 months, respectively. One patient suffered flap loss due to flap ischemia. Four patients suffered insufficient innervation of the FFMT. Otherwise no major complication occurred. The likelihood of successful innervation of the FFMT was significantly higher in patients younger than 31 years (100% vs. 50%; p = .003). Smiling facial symmetry (pupillo-modiolar angle) significantly improved in the pediatric cohort (5-16 years; 8.68° ± 0.69° to 1.48° ± 0.67°; p < .001) and the young adults' cohort (17-30 years; 11.55° ± 1.95° to 4.62° ± 1.08°; p = .005), but improved only slightly in the middle-aged cohort (31-51 years; 11.77° ± 1.16° to 9.4° ± 1.8° p = .27). The postoperative smiling symmetry showed a significant correlation with increasing age (r = .62, p < .001). The smiling commissure height deviation significantly improved in the pediatric cohort (5-16 years; 6.5-2.3 mm; p = .006) and the postoperative result was significantly better than the middle-aged group (31-51 years; 2.3 vs. 7.5 mm; p = .02). CONCLUSIONS The outcome of CFNG-driven gracilis FFMT is age-related. Static as well as dynamic facial symmetry after two-stage facial reanimation was best in the pediatric and young adult population. For older patients, other approaches like the nerve-to-masseter-driven FFMT should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B W Weiss
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felicitas Spuerck
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Branislav Kollar
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen U Eisenhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren J, Tang X, Wang T, Wei X, Zhang J, Lu L, Liu Y, Yang B. A Dual-Modal Magnetic Resonance/Photoacoustic Imaging Tracer for Long-Term High-Precision Tracking and Facilitating Repair of Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200183. [PMID: 35306758 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical tracing is considered a crucial technique to assess the axonal regeneration level after injury, but traditional tracers do not meet the needs of in vivo neural tracing in deep tissues. Magnetic resonance (MR) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging have high spatial resolution, great penetration depth, and rich contrast. Fe3 O4 nanoparticles may work well as a dual-modal diagnosis probe for neural tracers, with the potential to improve nerve regeneration. The present study combines antegrade neural tracing imaging therapy for the peripheral nervous system. Fe3 O4 @COOH nanoparticles are successfully conjugated with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) to produce antegrade nano-neural tracers, which are encapsulated by microfluidic droplets to control leakage and allow sustained, slow release. They have many notable advantages over traditional tracers, including dual-modal real-time MR/PA imaging in vivo, long-duration release effect, and limitation of uncontrolled leakage. These multifunctional anterograde neural tracers have potential neurotherapeutic function, are reliable and may be used as a new platform for peripheral nerve injury imaging and treatment integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Xiaoduo Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto‐Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto‐Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Laijin Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Bai Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto‐Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahman N, Ramnarine J, Xu K, Brown A, Baron CA. Test-Retest Reproducibility of In Vivo Magnetization Transfer Ratio and Saturation Index in Mice at 9.4 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:893-903. [PMID: 35156740 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetization transfer saturation (MTsat) imaging was developed to reduce T1 dependence and improve specificity to myelin, compared to the widely used MT ratio (MTR) approach, while maintaining a feasible scan time. As MTsat imaging is an emerging technique, the reproducibility of MTsat compared to MTR must be evaluated. PURPOSE To assess the test-retest reproducibility of MTR and MTsat in the mouse brain at 9.4 T and calculate sample sizes potentially required to detect effect sizes ranging from 6% to 14%. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Twelve healthy C57Bl/6 mice. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 9.4 T; magnetization transfer imaging using FLASH-3D Gradient Echo; T2-weighted TurboRARE spin echo. ASSESSMENT All mice were scanned at two timepoints (5 days apart). MTR and MTsat maps were analyzed using mean region-of-interest (ROIs: corpus callosum [CC], internal capsule [IC], hippocampus [HC], cortex [CX], and thalamus [TH]), and whole brain voxel-wise analysis. STATISTICAL TESTS Bland-Altman plots were used to assess biases between test-retest measurements. Test-retest reproducibility was evaluated via between and within-subject coefficients of variation (bsCV and wsCV, respectively). Sample sizes required were calculated (significance level: 95%; power: 80%), given effect sizes ranging from 6% to 14%, using both between and within-subject approaches. Results were considered statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Bland-Altman plots showed negligible biases between test-retest sessions (MTR: 0.0009; MTsat: 0). ROI-based and voxel-wise CVs revealed high reproducibility for both MTR (ROI-bsCV/wsCV: CC-4.5/2.8%; IC-6.1/5.2%; HC-5.7/4.6%; CX-5.1/2.3%; TH-7.4/4.9%) and MTsat (ROI-bsCV/wsCV: CC-6.3/4.8%; IC-7.3/5.1%; HC-9.5/6.4%; CX-6.7/6.5%; TH-7.2/5.3%). With a sample size of 6, changes on the order of 15% could be detected in MTR and MTsat, both between and within subjects, while smaller changes (6%-8%) required sample sizes of 10-15 for MTR, and 15-20 for MTsat. DATA CONCLUSION MTsat exhibited comparable reproducibility to MTR, while providing sensitivity to myelin with less T1 dependence than MTR. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rahman
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (CFMM), Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan Ramnarine
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (CFMM), Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Xu
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur Brown
- Translational Neuroscience Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey A Baron
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (CFMM), Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Minegishi Y, Nishimoto J, Uto M, Ozone K, Oka Y, Kokubun T, Murata K, Takemoto H, Kanemura N. Effects of exercise on muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits in rat sciatic nerve crush injury models with different numbers of crushes. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65:612-620. [PMID: 35119696 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Motor function recovery is frequently poor after peripheral nerve injury. The effect of different numbers of nerve crushes and exercise on motor function recovery is unknown. We aimed to examine how different numbers of crushes of the rat sciatic nerve affects muscle reinnervation and plasticity of spinal circuits and the effect of exercise intervention. METHODS Single and multiple sciatic nerve crush models with different numbers of crushes were created in rats. Treadmill exercise was performed at 10 m/min for 60 min, five times a week. Muscle reinnervation and synaptic changes in L4-5 motor neurons were examined by immunofluorescence staining. Behavioral tests were the sciatic functional index (SFI) and the pinprick tests. RESULTS The percentage of soleus muscle reinnervation was not significantly increased by the presence of exercise in single or multiple crushes. Exercise after a single crush increased the contact of motor neurons with VGLUT1-containing structures (Exercised vs. Unexercised, 12.9% vs. 8.7%; P < 0.01), but after multiple crushes, it decreased with or without exercise (8.1% vs. 8.6%). Exercise after a single crush significantly improved SFI values from 14 to 24 days, and exercise after multiple crushes from 21 to 35 days (all P < 0.05). The pinprick test showed no difference in recovery depending on the number of crushes or whether or not exercised. DISCUSSION Different numbers of sciatic nerve crushes affect muscle reinnervation and motor neuron synaptic changes differently, but motor function recovery may improve with exercise regardless of the number of crushes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minegishi
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Nishimoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Saitama Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minori Uto
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaichi Ozone
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Oka
- Graduate Course of Health and Social Services, Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kokubun
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takemoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International Medical and Welfare College, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohiko Kanemura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu W, Li JP, Jiang ZD, Yang L, Liu XZ. Effects of targeted muscle reinnervation on spinal cord motor neurons in rats following tibial nerve transection. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1827-1832. [PMID: 35017445 PMCID: PMC8820695 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical procedure used to transfer residual peripheral nerves from amputated limbs to targeted muscles, which allows the target muscles to become sources of motor control information for function reconstruction. However, the effect of TMR on injured motor neurons is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of hind limb TMR surgery on injured motor neurons in the spinal cord of rats after tibial nerve transection. We found that the reduction in hind limb motor function and atrophy in mice caused by tibial nerve transection improved after TMR. TMR enhanced nerve regeneration by increasing the number of axons and myelin sheath thickness in the tibial nerve, increasing the number of anterior horn motor neurons, and increasing the number of choline acetyltransferase-positive cells and immunofluorescence intensity of synaptophysin in rat spinal cord. Our findings suggest that TMR may enable the reconnection of residual nerve fibers to target muscles, thus restoring hind limb motor function on the injured side.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Scinences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Department of Human Anatomy, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Ping Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Zheng Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Scinences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Accart N, Dawson J, Obrecht M, Lambert C, Flueckiger M, Kreider J, Hatakeyama S, Richards PJ, Beckmann N. Degenerative joint disease induced by repeated intra-articular injections of monosodium urate crystals in rats as investigated by translational imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 34997110 PMCID: PMC8742129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to assess the consequences of repeated intra-articular injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals with inflammasome priming by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to simulate recurrent bouts of gout in rats. Translational imaging was applied to simultaneously detect and quantify injury in different areas of the knee joint. MSU/LPS induced joint swelling, synovial membrane thickening, fibrosis of the infrapatellar fat pad, tidemark breaching, and cartilage invasion by inflammatory cells. A higher sensitivity to mechanical stimulus was detected in paws of limbs receiving MSU/LPS compared to saline-injected limbs. In MSU/LPS-challenged joints, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed increased synovial fluid volume in the posterior region of the joint, alterations in the infrapatellar fat pad reflecting a progressive decrease of fat volume and fibrosis formation, and a significant increase in the relaxation time T2 in femoral cartilage, consistent with a reduction of proteoglycan content. MRI also showed cyst formation in the tibia, femur remodeling, and T2 reductions in extensor muscles consistent with fibrosis development. Repeated intra-articular MSU/LPS injections in the rat knee joint induced pathology in multiple tissues and may be a useful means to investigate the relationship between urate crystal deposition and the development of degenerative joint disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Accart
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janet Dawson
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Lichtstr. 35, WSJ-386.6.08.18, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Obrecht
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lambert
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Flueckiger
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Kreider
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shinji Hatakeyama
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Richards
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Musculoskeletal Diseases Department, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstr. 28.3.04, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morozzi G, Rothen J, Toussaint G, De Lange K, Westritschnig K, Doelemeyer A, Ueberschlag VP, Kahle P, Lambert C, Obrecht M, Beckmann N, Ritter V, Panesar M, Stauffer D, Garnier I, Mueller M, Guerini D, Keller CG, Knehr J, Roma G, Bidinosti M, Brachat S, Morvan F, Fornaro M. STING regulates peripheral nerve regeneration and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) processing in microglia. iScience 2021; 24:103434. [PMID: 34877494 PMCID: PMC8633968 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are crucial for regeneration following peripheral nerve injury (PNI). PNI triggers inflammatory responses at the site of injury. The DNA-sensing receptor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream effector stimulator of interferon genes (STING) sense foreign and self-DNA and trigger type I interferon (IFN) immune responses. We demonstrate here that following PNI, the cGAS/STING pathway is upregulated in the sciatic nerve of naive rats and dysregulated in old rats. In a nerve crush mouse model where STING is knocked out, myelin content in sciatic nerve is increased resulting in accelerated functional axon recovery. STING KO mice have lower macrophage number in sciatic nerve and decreased microglia activation in spinal cord 1 week post injury. STING activation regulated processing of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) and microglia survival in vitro. Taking together, these data highlight a previously unrecognized role of STING in the regulation of nerve regeneration. The cGAS/STING pathway is upregulated in sciatic nerve post nerve injury and in aging STING ablation increases myelin content and accelerates functional axon recovery STING KO mice reduces macrophage number in sciatic nerve and microglia activation post injury
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Morozzi
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julian Rothen
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gauthier Toussaint
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrina De Lange
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Westritschnig
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Doelemeyer
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Kahle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Lambert
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Obrecht
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolau Beckmann
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veronique Ritter
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moh Panesar
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Stauffer
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Garnier
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Mueller
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danilo Guerini
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Gubser Keller
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Knehr
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bidinosti
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Brachat
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Morvan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mara Fornaro
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gilcrease-Garcia BM, Deshmukh SD, Parsons MS. Anatomy, Imaging, and Pathologic Conditions of the Brachial Plexus. Radiographics 2021; 40:1686-1714. [PMID: 33001787 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2020200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The brachial plexus is an intricate anatomic structure with an important function: providing innervation to the upper extremity, shoulder, and upper chest. Owing to its complex form and longitudinal course, the brachial plexus can be challenging to conceptualize in three dimensions, which complicates evaluations in standard orthogonal imaging planes. The components of the brachial plexus can be determined by using key anatomic landmarks. Applying this anatomic knowledge, a radiologist should then be able to identify pathologic appearances of the brachial plexus by using imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, and US. Brachial plexopathies can be divided into two broad categories that are based on disease origin: traumatic and nontraumatic. In the traumatic plexopathy group, there are distinct imaging findings and management methods for pre- versus postganglionic injuries. For nontraumatic plexopathies, having access to an accurate patient history is often crucial. Knowledge of the timing of radiation therapy is critical to diagnosing post-radiation therapy brachial plexopathy. In acute brachial neuritis, antecedent stressors occur within a specific time frame. Primary and secondary tumors of the brachial plexus are not uncommon, with the most common primary tumors being peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Direct extension and metastasis from primary malignancies such as breast and lung cancer can occur. Although diagnosing a brachial plexus anomaly is potentially perplexing, it can be straightforward if it is based on foundational knowledge of anatomy, imaging findings, and pathologic features. ©RSNA, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Gilcrease-Garcia
- From the Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (B.M.G., S.D.D.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.S.P.)
| | - Swati D Deshmukh
- From the Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (B.M.G., S.D.D.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.S.P.)
| | - Matthew S Parsons
- From the Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill (B.M.G., S.D.D.); and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, Box 8131, St Louis, MO 63110 (M.S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Liu X, Xu S, Zhang Y, Xu Y, He B. Integrated analysis of long noncoding RNAs and mRNA expression profiles reveals the potential role of lncRNAs in early stage of post-peripheral nerve injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13909-13925. [PMID: 33971626 PMCID: PMC8202893 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The regulatory role of lncRNAs in the early stage post peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is not yet clear. In this study, next-generation sequencing was used to perform deep sequencing on normal sciatic nerves (control) and lesional tissues derived on the 4th (D4) and 7th days (D7) after sciatic nerve injury in rats. Time-point unique differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were analyzed for functional enrichment. The results showed that 776 DElncRNAs were unique to D4, and their functions were mainly enriched in wound healing, phosphatase binding and MAPK signaling pathways; 317 DElncRNAs were unique to D7, and their functions were mainly enriched in ion transmembrane transporter channel activity; 579 DElncRNAs were shared by these two days, and their functions were mainly enriched in axongenesis, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and cell cycle. Furthermore, lncRNA-mRNA interaction networks were constructed in functions or pathways with a high enrichment rate. Finally, 3 mRNAs and 4 lncRNAs in the axongenesis interaction network were selected, and their expression levels were verified by RT-qPCR. This study preliminarily revealed the regulatory role of lncRNAs at different time points in the early stage post PNI, which provides potential targets for basic research and clinical treatment of PNI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiangxia Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuqia Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yangbin Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim BR, Ha DH, Kim JK, Kim YH. Comparison of MR findings of acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy in a rat model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240911. [PMID: 33211695 PMCID: PMC7676645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The treatment strategy is different for acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy. This study aimed to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy in a rat model. Materials and methods Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. In the crush injury group (n = 10), the unilateral sciatic nerve was crushed using forceps to represent acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury. In the compression injury group (n = 10), the unilateral sciatic nerve was ligated using silk to represent acute compressive neuropathy. The MRI of eight rats from each group were acquired on postoperative days 3 and 10. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted images were acquired. Changes in the injured nerve were divided into three grades. A Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the changes in the nerves of the two groups. Histological staining and a western blot analysis were performed on one rat in each group on day 3. Neurofilament, myelin basic protein (MBP), and p75NTR staining were performed. Expression of neurofilament, MBP, p75NTR, and c-jun was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results MR neurography revealed substantial nerve changes in the compression injury group compared with the crush injury group at two-time points (p = 0.001 on day 3, p = 0.026 on day 10). The histopathological analysis indicated the destruction of the axon and myelin, mainly at the injury site and the distal portion of the injury in the crush injury group. It was prominent in the proximal portion, the injury site, and the distal portion of the injury in the compression injury group. The degree of axonal and myelin destruction was more pronounced in the compression injury group than in the crush injury group. Conclusion MR neurography showed prominent and long-segmental changes associated with the injured nerve in acute compressive neuropathy compared with acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra Kim
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Ha
- Department of Radiology, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jong Kuk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Kim
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Center (PNRC), Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hegazy N, Rezq S, Fahmy A. Mechanisms Involved in Superiority of Angiotensin Receptor Blockade over ACE Inhibition in Attenuating Neuropathic Pain Induced in Rats. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1031-1047. [PMID: 32804335 PMCID: PMC7609714 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although previous reports described the beneficial role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or AT1 receptor blockers (ARBs) in attenuating neuropathic pain (NP), no study has yet explored the exact underlying mechanisms, as well as the superiority of using centrally versus peripherally acting renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) drugs in NP. We investigated the effects of 14 days of treatment with centrally (telmisartan and ramipril) or peripherally (losartan and enalapril) acting ARBs and ACE-Is, respectively, in attenuating peripheral NP induced by sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) in rats. We also compared these with the effects of pregabalin, the standard treatment for NP. Behavioral changes, inflammatory markers (NFкB, TNF-α, COX-2, PGE2, and bradykinin), oxidative stress markers (NADPH oxidase and catalase), STAT3 activation, levels of phosphorylated P38-MAPK, ACE, AT1 receptor (AT1R), and AT2 receptor (AT2R), as well as histopathological features, were assessed in the brainstem and sciatic nerve. CCI resulted in clear pain-related behavior along with increased levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and STAT3 activity, as well as increased levels of phosphorylated P38-MAPK, ACE, AT1R, and AT2R, along with worsened histopathological findings in both the brainstem and sciatic nerve. ARBs improved both animal behavior and all measured parameters in CCI rats and were more effective than ACE-Is. At the tested doses, centrally acting ARBs or ACE-Is were not superior to the peripherally acting drugs of the same category. These findings suggest that ARBs (centrally or peripherally acting) are an effective treatment modality for NP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA.
| | - Ahmed Fahmy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|