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Xu S, Man Y, Yu Z, Xu X, Ji J, Kan Y, Bi Y, Xie Q, Yao L. Molecular analysis of Gyrovirus galga1 variants identified from the sera of dogs and cats in China. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-8. [PMID: 38595267 PMCID: PMC11008310 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2338381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Gyrovirus galga1 (GyVg1), a member of the Anelloviridae family and Gyrovirus genus, has been detected in chicken and human tissue samples. In this study, the DNA of GyVg1-related gyroviruses in the sera of six dogs and three cats from Central and Eastern China was identified using PCR. Alignment analysis between the nine obtained and reference GyVg1 strains revealed that the genome identity ranged from 99.20% (DOG03 and DOG04 strains) to 96.17% (DOG01 and DOG06 strains). Six recombination events were predicted in multiple strains, including DOG01, DOG05, DOG06, CAT01, CAT02, and CAT03. The predicted major and minor parents of DOG05 came from Brazil. The DOG06 strain is potentially recombined from strains originating from humans and cats, whereas DOG01 is potentially recombined from G17 (ferret-originated) and Ave3 (chicken-originated), indicating that transmissions across species and regions may occur. Sixteen representative amino acid mutation sites were identified: nine in VP1 (12 R/H, 114S/N, 123I/M, 167 L/P, 231 P/S, 237 P/L, 243 R/W, 335 T/A, and 444S/N), four in VP2 (81 A/P, 103 R/H, 223 R/G, and 228 A/T), and three in VP3 (38 M/I, 61 A/T, and 65 V/A). These mutations were only harbored in strains identified in dogs and cats in this study. Whether this is related to host tropism needs further investigation. In this study, GyVg1 was identified in the sera of dogs and cats, and the molecular characteristics prompted the attention of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering, and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yuanzhuo Man
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering, and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Zhengli Yu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering, and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering, and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Jun Ji
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering, and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yunchao Kan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering, and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
| | - Yingzuo Bi
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincial Engineering, and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Center of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Integrated Control, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, PR China
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Sahnan S, Olivo D, Custer JM, Bandoo RA, Jackson D, Lund MC, McGraw H, Regney M, Aguiar de Souza Penha V, Neil J, Drake D, McGraw K, Varsani A, Kraberger S. Genome analysis of gyroviruses identified in waterfowl in Arizona (USA). Arch Virol 2024; 169:120. [PMID: 38753261 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Gyroviruses are small single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses that are largely associated with birds. Chicken anemia virus is the most extensively studied gyrovirus due to its disease impact on the poultry industry. However, we know much less about gyroviruses infecting other avian species. To investigate gyroviruses infecting waterfowl, we determined six complete genome sequences that fall into three gyrovirus groups, referred to as waterfowl gyrovirus 1 (n = 3), 2 (n = 2), and 3 (n = 1), in organs from hunter-harvested waterfowl from Arizona (USA). The waterfowl gyrovirus 1 variants were identified in multiple organs of a single American wigeon and represent a tentative new species. The waterfowl gyrovirus 2 variants were identified in the livers of two American wigeons and share >70% VP1 nucleotide sequence identity with gyrovirus 9, previously identified in the spleen of a Brazilian Pekin duck (MT318123) and a human fecal sample (KP742975). Waterfowl gyrovirus 3 was identified in a northern pintail spleen sample, and it shares >73% VP1 nucleotide sequence identity with two gyrovirus 13 sequences previously identified in Brazilian Pekin duck spleens (MT318125 and MT318127). These gyroviruses are the first to be identified in waterfowl in North America, as well as in American wigeons and northern pintails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawnpreet Sahnan
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Diego Olivo
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Joy M Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Rohan A Bandoo
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Danny Jackson
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA
| | - Michael C Lund
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hannah McGraw
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Melanie Regney
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Victor Aguiar de Souza Penha
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- Organismal and Evolutionary Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Neil
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Dean Drake
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Kevin McGraw
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative, Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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Zhang F, Xie Q, Yang Q, Luo Y, Wan P, Wu C, Tu L, Chen J, Kang Z. Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of Gyrovirus galga 1 in southern China from 2020 to 2022. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103397. [PMID: 38295496 PMCID: PMC10846400 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since 2011, the Gyrovirus galga 1 (GyVg1, previously recognized as avian gyrovirus 2) strain has extensively been detected worldwide. However, because there are no up-to-date reports of examining the distribution of GyVg1 in flocks in southern China, the epidemiology of this virus is unknown. To investigate the prevalence and genetic evolution of GyVg1, a total of 2,077 field samples collected from 113 chicken farms in 6 provinces in southern China during 2020 to 2022 were tested. Among them, 315 samples (315/2,077, 15.17%) were positive for GyVg1 by PCR. The positive rate of GyVg1 detection between different regions of southern China ranged from 11.69% (Guangdong) to 22.46% (Yunnan). The correlation between GyVg1 prevalence and sample source groups was analyzed, the results showing that the highest seroprevalence of GyVg1 was observed in visceral tissues (27.34%, 187/684), significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of feather shafts (17.22%, 31/180), serums (8.85%, 78/881), and fecal (5.72%, 19/332). Additionally, the complete genomes of 10 GyVg1 strains were sequenced and analyzed, which showed nucleotide identities of 96.2 to 99.9%, 97.0 to 100.0%, 95.2 to 100.0%, and 95.7 to 99.8% in the complete genome, ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3, respectively, and 94.4 to 100.0%, 91.3 to 100.0%, and 98.7 to 100.0% amino acid similarity in the VP2, VP3, and VP1 proteins, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome showed that 10 GyVg1 strains belong to genotype I, and one strain belongs to genotype III. Sequence analysis showed several amino acid substitutions in both the VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins. Our results enhance the understanding of the molecular characterization of GyVg1 infection in southern China. In conclusion, this study reveals the high prevalence and high genetic differentiation of GyVg1 in Chinese chickens and suggests that the potential impact of GyVg1 on the chicken industry may be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Yangyang Luo
- Wen's Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Wen's Group Research Institute, YunFu, Guangdong 527400, China
| | - Peiwei Wan
- Jiangxi Biological Vocational College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Lingyun Tu
- Nanchang Animal Disease Control Center, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Jiangxi Biological Vocational College, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China
| | - Zhaofeng Kang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China.
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Yang M, Yang Q, Bi X, Shi H, Yang J, Cheng X, Yan T, Zhang H, Cheng Z. The Synergy of Chicken Anemia Virus and Gyrovirus Homsa 1 in Chickens. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020515. [PMID: 36851729 PMCID: PMC9964263 DOI: 10.3390/v15020515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Gyrovirus homsa 1 (GyH1) are members of the Gyrovirus genus. The two viruses cause similar clinical manifestations in chickens, aplastic anemia and immunosuppression. Our previous investigation displays that CAV and GyH1 often co-infect chickens. However, whether they have synergistic pathogenicity in chickens remains elusive. Here, we established a co-infection model of CAV and GyH1 in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens to explore the synergy between CAV and GyH1. We discovered that CAV and GyH1 significantly inhibited weight gain, increased mortality, and hindered erythropoiesis in co-infected chickens. Co-infected chickens exhibited severe immune organ atrophy and lymphocyte exhaustion. The proventriculus and gizzard had severe hemorrhagic necrosis and inflammation. We also discovered that the viral loads and shedding levels were higher and lasted longer in CAV and GyH1 co-infected chickens than in mono-infected chickens. Our results demonstrate that CAV and GyH1 synergistically promote immunosuppression, pathogenicity, and viral replication in co-infected chicken, highlighting the interaction between CAV and GyH1 in the disease process and increasing potential health risk in the poultry breeding industry, and needs further attention.
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A novel gyrovirus is abundant in yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) chicks with a fatal respiratory disease. Virology 2023; 579:75-83. [PMID: 36608597 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes), or hoiho in te reo Māori, are predicted to become extinct on mainland Aotearoa New Zealand in the next few decades, with infectious disease a significant contributor to their decline. A recent disease phenomenon termed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) causing lung pathology has been identified in very young chicks. To date, no causative pathogens for RDS have been identified. In 2020 and 2021, the number of chick deaths from suspected RDS increased four- and five-fold, respectively, causing mass mortality with an estimated mortality rate of >90%. We aimed to identify possible pathogens responsible for RDS disease impacting these critically endangered yellow-eyed penguins. Total RNA was extracted from tissue samples collected during post-mortem of 43 dead chicks and subject to metatranscriptomic sequencing and histological examination. From these data we identified a novel and highly abundant gyrovirus (Anelloviridae) in 80% of tissue samples. This virus was most closely related to Gyrovirus 8 discovered in a diseased seabird, while other members of the genus Gyrovirus include Chicken anaemia virus, which causes severe disease in juvenile chickens. No other exogenous viral transcripts were identified in these tissues. Due to the high relative abundance of viral reads and its high prevalence in diseased animals, it is likely that this novel gyrovirus is associated with RDS in yellow-eyed penguin chicks.
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Zhang S, Yuan S, Yan T, Li G, Hao X, Zhou D, Li R, Li Y, Cheng Z. Serological investigation of Gyrovirus homsa1 infections in chickens in China. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:231. [PMID: 35717195 PMCID: PMC9206369 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gyrovirus homsa1 (GyH1) (also known as Gyrovirus 3, GyV3) is a non-enveloped, small, single-stranded DNA virus, which was first identified in children with acute diarrhea, and was subsequently detected in marketed chickens, broilers with transmissible viral proventriculitis (TVP), and mammals. GyH1 is a pathogenic virus in chickens, causing aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, and multisystem damage. However, the seroepidemiology of GyH1 infection in chickens remains unclear. Here, we investigated the seroprevalence of GyH1 in chickens by ELISA to reveal the endemic status of GyH1 in China. RESULTS An indirect ELISA with high sensitivity and specificity was developed for investigation of seroepidemiology of GyH1 in chickens in China. The seropositive rate of GyH1 ranged from 0.6% to 7.7% in thirteen provinces, and ranged from 4.1% to 8.1% in eight species chickens. The seropositive rate of GyH1 in broiler breeders was significantly higher than that of in layers. There was a negative correlation between seropositive rate and age of chickens. The highest and lowest seropositive rate were present in chickens at 30-60 days and over 180 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The seroepidemiological investigation results demonstrated that natural GyH1 infection is widespread in chickens in China. Different species showed different susceptibility for GyH1. Aged chickens showed obvious age-resistance to GyH1. GyH1 has shown a high risk to the poultry industry and should be highly concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61, Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shiyu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61, Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Tianxing Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61, Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry Workstation (Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute), Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61, Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61, Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yubao Li
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61, Daizong Street, Taian, 271018, China.
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Ji J, Yu Z, Cui H, Xu X, Ma K, Leng C, Zhang X, Yao L, Kan Y, Bi Y, Xie Q. Molecular characterization of the Gyrovirus galga 1 strain detected in various zoo animals: The first report from China. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Fehér E, Bali K, Kaszab E, Ihász K, Jakab S, Nagy B, Ursu K, Farkas SL, Bányai K. A novel gyrovirus in a common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1349-1353. [PMID: 35306591 PMCID: PMC9038835 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel gyrovirus was detected in an intestinal specimen of a common pheasant that died due to poult enteritis and mortality syndrome. The genome of the pheasant-associated gyrovirus (PAGyV) is 2353 nucleotides (nt) long and contains putative genes for the VP1, VP2, and VP3 proteins in an arrangement that is typical for gyroviruses. Gyrovirus-specific motifs were identified in both the coding region and the intergenic region of the PAGyV genome. The VP1 of PAGyV shares up to 67.6% pairwise nt sequence identity with reference sequences and forms a distinct branch in the phylogenetic tree. Thus, according to the recently described species demarcation criteria, PAGyV belongs to a novel species in the genus Gyrovirus, family Anelloviridae, for which we propose the name "Gyrovirus phaco 1".
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Fehér
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Bali
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Katalin Ihász
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Jakab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Borbála Nagy
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Ursu
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Tábornok utca 2, Budapest, 1143, Hungary
| | - Szilvia L Farkas
- University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungária krt 21, Budapest, 1143, Hungary.,University of Veterinary Medicine, István utca 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
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Li G, Zhou D, Zhao M, Liu Q, Hao X, Yan T, Yuan S, Zhang S, Cheng Z. Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens. Vet Res 2021; 52:120. [PMID: 34526128 PMCID: PMC8442313 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gyrovirus 3 (GyV3), the third novel emerging species of the genus Gyrovirus of the Anelloviridae family, has been described in multiple hosts. Epidemiologically, there are suggestions that GyV3 is associated with diarrhea/proventriculitis, however, no direct causal evidence exists between GyV3 infection and specific clinical diseases. Herein, we infected special pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with GyV3, and then assessed the pathogenicity and tissue tropism. The results revealed that GyV3 induced persistent infection characterized by diarrhea, aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, and persistent systemic lymphocytic inflammation. Clinically, the infected chickens presented ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anemia, and weight loss. Aplastic anemia was characterized by progressive depletion of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, immunosuppression was associated with atrophy of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricious, progressive lymphocytic inflammations were characterized by proventriculitis, adrenalitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and bronchitis. Viral loads of GyV3 in tissues exhibited “M”, “N”, “W” or “V” type dynamic changes. The highest level of viral loads was reported in bone marrow at 7dpi, followed by the adrenal gland at 2 dpi, the sciatic nerve at 7 dpi, and bile at 35 dpi. The bone marrow and kidney demonstrate the strongest immunostaining of GyV3-VP1 antigen and were suggested as the target tissues of GyV3. Collectively, GyV3 is an immunosuppressive pathogenic virus that targets the bone marrow and kidney in chickens. Exploring the pathogenicity and tissue tropism of GyV3 will guide the basic understanding of the biology of GyV3 and its pathogenesis in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Manda Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Vocational-Technical School of Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Service Center of Jinan Zoo, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Qindao Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianxing Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shiyu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Yuan S, Yan T, Huang L, Hao X, Zhao M, Zhang S, Zhou D, Cheng Z. Cross-species pathogenicity of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens and mice. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109191. [PMID: 34385005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gyrovirus 3 (GyV3) has been identified in humans and other hosts, suggesting its cross-species pathogenicity, which poses an increased public health risk. In the current study, we established chicken and mouse models of GyV3 infection. We found that GyV3 induced persistent infections, characterized by viremia, aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, and systematic lymphocytic inflammation, in both species. Kinetic viral loads and antigen expression demonstrated rapid viral replication and broad tissue tropism of GyV3 in both models. The highest viral loads and the strongest antigen immunostaining were present in bone marrow and cerebrum in both chickens and mice, indicating that these are target tissues for GyV3. Genetic diversity analysis of VP1 in infected chickens and mice showed that GyV3 adapts to new hosts via rapid evolution of the hypervariable region of the gene encoding the structural protein VP1. Overall, our results indicate that GyV3 is a cross-species pathogenic virus; therefore, more attention needs to be paid to high levels of GyV3-induced neurotropism and aplastic anemia as a public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Tianxing Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Qingdao Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Manda Zhao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Vocational-technical School of Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai`an, 271018, China.
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Taxonomic updates for the genus Gyrovirus (family Anelloviridae): recognition of several new members and establishment of species demarcation criteria. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2937-2942. [PMID: 34347169 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The genus Gyrovirus was assigned to the family Anelloviridae in 2017 with only one recognized species, Chicken anemia virus. Over the last decade, many diverse viruses related to chicken anemia virus have been identified but not classified. Here, we provide a framework for the classification of new species in the genus Gyrovirus and communicate the establishment of nine new species. We adopted the 'Genus + freeform epithet' binomial system for the naming of these species.
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Loiko MR, Varela APM, Tochetto C, Lopes BC, Scheffer CM, Morel AP, Vidaletti MR, Lima DA, Cerva C, Mayer FQ, Roehe PM. Novel Gyrovirus genomes recovered from free-living pigeons in Southern Brazil. Virology 2020; 548:132-135. [PMID: 32838934 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Wild birds carry a number of infectious agents, some of which may have pathogenic potential for the host and others species, including humans. Domestic pigeons (Columba livia) are important targets of study since these increasingly cohabit urban spaces, being possible spillover sources of pathogens to humans. In the present study, two genomes (PiGyV_Tq/RS/Br and PiGyV_RG/RS/Br), representative of Gyrovirus genus, family Anelloviridae, were detected in sera of free-living pigeons collected in Southern Brazil. The genomes exhibit less than 50% identity to previously described members of Gyrovirus genus, suggesting that they constitute a new viral species circulating in pigeons, to which the name "pigeon gyrovirus (PiGyV)" is proposed. The current study characterizes these two PiGyV genomes which, to date, are the first gyrovirus species identified in domestic pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Loiko
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 208, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Feevale - Universidade Feevale, RS-239, 2755, CEP 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - A P M Varela
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 208, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - C Tochetto
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 208, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - B C Lopes
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - C M Scheffer
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 208, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - A P Morel
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil; Falcoaria e Consultoria Ambiental - HAYABUSA, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - M R Vidaletti
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - D A Lima
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 208, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - C Cerva
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - F Q Mayer
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, CEP 92990-000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - P M Roehe
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, Av. Sarmento Leite 500, Sala 208, CEP 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Li Y, Gordon E, Idle A, Altan E, Seguin MA, Estrada M, Deng X, Delwart E. Virome of a Feline Outbreak of Diarrhea and Vomiting Includes Bocaviruses and a Novel Chapparvovirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050506. [PMID: 32375386 PMCID: PMC7291048 DOI: 10.3390/v12050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An unexplained outbreak of feline diarrhea and vomiting, negative for common enteric viral and bacterial pathogens, was subjected to viral metagenomics and PCR. We characterized from fecal samples the genome of a novel chapparvovirus we named fechavirus that was shed by 8/17 affected cats and identified three different feline bocaviruses shed by 9/17 cats. Also detected were nucleic acids from attenuated vaccine viruses, members of the normal feline virome, viruses found in only one or two cases, and viruses likely derived from ingested food products. Epidemiological investigation of disease signs, time of onset, and transfers of affected cats between three facilities support a possible role for this new chapparvovirus in a highly contagious feline diarrhea and vomiting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (Y.L.); (E.A.); (X.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Emilia Gordon
- The British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Vancouver, BC V5T1R1, Canada; (E.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Amanda Idle
- The British Columbia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Vancouver, BC V5T1R1, Canada; (E.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Eda Altan
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (Y.L.); (E.A.); (X.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - M. Alexis Seguin
- IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA; (M.A.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Marko Estrada
- IDEXX Reference Laboratories, Inc., West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA; (M.A.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Xutao Deng
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (Y.L.); (E.A.); (X.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Vitalant Research Institute, 270 Masonic Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; (Y.L.); (E.A.); (X.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(415)-531-0763
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