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Zhao W, Xiao J, Lin G, Peng Q, Chu S. Morphological and physiological response of amphibious Rotala rotundifolia from emergent to submerged form. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:279-291. [PMID: 38270713 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-024-01521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Rotala rotundifolia is an amphibious aquatic plant that can live in submerged and emergent forms. It is superior in nitrogen and phosphorus removal. To elucidate its adaptation strategies from emergent to submerged conditions, phenotypic and physiological responses of R. rotundifolia were investigated during three months of submergence, at water levels of 0 cm (CK), 50 cm (W50), and 90 cm (W90). Results showed that submergence stress reduced the relative growth rate of plant height, fresh weight, and biomass accumulation, leading to root degradation and a significant decline in the root-shoot ratio. The amounts of soluble protein (SP), soluble sugar (SS), and starch in the aerial leaves of W50 and W90 decreased during the early stages of submergence compared to CK, whereas the total chlorophyll and proline contents, and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) increased. The contents of endogenous hormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), decreased during the change in leaf shape; the decline in ABA was more obvious. The leaf primordium generated transition leaves and submerged leaves to resolve the "carbon starvation" of plants. The maximum values of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in the leaves of W50 and W90 occurred at day 30, reaching 14.0 mg g- 1and 10.5 mg g- 1, respectively. The contents of SP and starch, activities of SOD and CAT of the roots in submerged treatments increased, while SS and proline content decreased at day 7. These results demonstrated that developing heterophyllous leaves, increasing chlorophyll content, and regulating plant carbon allocation and consumption were important mechanisms of R. rotundifolia to adapt to underwater habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangai Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, South Campus, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Jibo Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, South Campus, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
- Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Guo Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, South Campus, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Qianqian Peng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, South Campus, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China
| | - Shuyi Chu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, South Campus, Chashan University Town, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Wenzhou, 325006, China.
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Qu Y, Yang Y, Sonne C, Chen X, Yue X, Gu H, Lam SS, Peng W. Phytosphere purification of urban domestic wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122417. [PMID: 37598935 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and overpopulation have polluted aquatic environments with significant impacts on human health and wildlife. The main pollutants in urban sewage are nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals and organic pollutants, which need to be treated with sewage, and the use of aquatic plants to purify wastewater has high efficiency and low cost. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of phytoremediation are also affected by temperature, pH, microorganisms and other factors. The use of biochar can reduce the cost of wastewater purification, and the combination of biochar and nanotechnology can improve the efficiency of wastewater purification. Some aquatic plants can enrich pollutants in wastewater, so it can be considered to plant these aquatic plants in constructed wetlands to achieve the effect of purifying wastewater. Biochar treatment technology can purify wastewater with high efficiency and low cost, and can be further applied to constructed wetlands. In this paper, the latest research progress of various pollutants in wastewater purification by aquatic plants is reviewed, and the efficient treatment technology of wastewater by biochar is discussed. It provides theoretical basis for phytoremediation of urban sewage pollution in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Qu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization,School of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China
| | - Yafeng Yang
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization,School of Landscape Architecture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Xiangmeng Chen
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization,School of Science,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China
| | - Xiaochen Yue
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization,School of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization,School of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization,School of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China.
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Xiao J, Lin G, Cao Z, Chu S, Cui L, Yang Y, Wu X. A shallow constructed wetland combining porous filter material and Rotala rotundifolia for advanced treatment of municipal sewage at low HRT. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27593-27602. [PMID: 36383319 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a worldwide problem. Recycled municipal wastewater is considered a useful alternative to the conventional types of water resources. In this study, a shallow constructed wetland (SCW) with porous filter material and Rotala rotundifolia was used for advanced municipal sewage treatment. The wetland without plant was set as the control (SCW-C). The pollutant removal performance of the system at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) was investigated. The diversity of the microbial community was analyzed, and the fate of nutrients, mainly N and P, in the system was discussed. Results showed that SCW was efficient in pollutant removal. Effluent concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) were 15.0-23.6, 0.19-0.28, and 0.83-1.16 mg/L, separately, with average removal efficiencies of 61.2%, 46.3%, and 88.1% at HRT 18 h, which met the requirements of type [Formula: see text] water set by the environmental quality standards for surface water in China. The richness and evenness of the bacterial community were significantly higher in the plant-rooted SCW. They increased along with the system. The dominant genera in the system were phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria. The P in the influent mainly flowed to the substrate and plant. At the same time, most N was removed by nitrification and denitrification. These findings suggested that the SCW could remove pollutants from the municipal sewage effluent and meet the standard requirement at low HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Guo Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Shuyi Chu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Lingzhou Cui
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yunlong Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiangting Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Li W, Cao G, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Zhou R, Zhao Z, Guo Y, Yang W, Zheng B, Tan J, Sun Y. Isolation, Identification and Pollution Prevention of Bacteria and Fungi during the Tissue Culture of Dwarf Hygro ( Hygrophila polysperma) Explants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122476. [PMID: 36557729 PMCID: PMC9785981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination causes serious damage in plant tissue culture, and attention is always being paid regarding how to control and prevent the unwanted pollution. Dwarf hygro (Hygrophila polysperma) is a popular ornamental aquatic plant and its tissue culture has been reported, but the microbial pollution and the cure of microbial pollution was unknown. In this study, a number of bacteria and fungi were isolated from contaminants in MS culture media. Based on the 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing, it was identified that fifteen bacteria belong to Bacillus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Kosakonia, Ensifer and Klebsiella, and three fungi belong to Plectosphaerella, Cladosporium and Peniophora, respectively. In addition, some drugs were further tested to be free of the bacteria and fungi pollution. The results revealed that 10 μg/mL of kanamycin, 5 μg/mL of chloramphenicol, and 0.015625% potassium sorbate could be applied jointly in MS media to prevent the microbial pollution, and the survival rate of H. polysperma explants was highly improved. This study reveals the bacteria and fungi species from the culture pollution of H. polysperma and provides a practical reference for optimizing the tissue culture media for other aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanling Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0532-8655-0511
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Banerji A, Benesh K. Incorporating Microbial Species Interaction in Management of Freshwater Toxic Cyanobacteria: A Systems Science Challenge. AQUATIC ECOLOGY 2022; 3:570-587. [PMID: 36643215 PMCID: PMC9836389 DOI: 10.3390/ecologies3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Water resources are critically important, but also pose risks of exposure to toxic and pathogenic microbes. Increasingly, a concern is toxic cyanobacteria, which have been linked to the death and disease of humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife in freshwater systems worldwide. Management approaches successful at reducing cyanobacterial abundance and toxin production have tended to be short-term solutions applied on small scales (e.g., algaecide application) or solutions that entail difficult multifaceted investments (e.g., modification of landscape and land use to reduce nutrient inputs). However, implementation of these approaches can be undermined by microbial species interactions that (a) provide toxic cyanobacteria with protection against the method of control or (b) permit toxic cyanobacteria to be replaced by other significant microbial threats. Understanding these interactions is necessary to avoid such scenarios and can provide a framework for novel strategies to enhance freshwater resource management via systems science (e.g., pairing existing physical and chemical approaches against cyanobacteria with ecological strategies such as manipulation of natural enemies, targeting of facilitators, and reduction of benthic occupancy and recruitment). Here, we review pertinent examples of the interactions and highlight potential applications of what is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabir Banerji
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Kasey Benesh
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science & Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
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Chu S, Qu Q, Pan K, Xu Y, Xiao J. A new Fe-C porous filter material from dredged sediment: preparation, characterization, and its application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66303-66312. [PMID: 34331648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new Fe-C porous filter material was prepared with dredged sediment of river as raw material. The orthogonal test L9(34) and component ratio experiment of raw material were conducted to investigate the optimum technological condition. Further, the filter obtained was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the optimal technological condition was sludge: straw: starch: iron powder: foam: iron powder 74.5: 10: 7.5: 3: 5, preheating temperature 280 °C, preheating 15 min, sintering temperature 1080 °C, and sintering 11 min. The BET surface area of the filter was 3.32 m2 g-1, and average pore size was 10.05 nm. Phase composition mainly included SiO2, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and muscovite (KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2). Average effluent concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) of the biofilter system filled with the filter obtained were decreased to 0.08, 3.43, and 3.76 mg L-1, separately, at hydraulic retention time 4 h. Thus, the filter prepared with dredged sediment of rive as raw material is an alternative material for polluted river water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science), Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Keke Pan
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science), Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Yunjie Xu
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Wencheng County, Wenzhou, 325300, China
| | - Jibo Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Kurniawan SB, Ahmad A, Said NSM, Imron MF, Abdullah SRS, Othman AR, Purwanti IF, Hasan HA. Macrophytes as wastewater treatment agents: Nutrient uptake and potential of produced biomass utilization toward circular economy initiatives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148219. [PMID: 34380263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophytes have been widely used as agents in wastewater treatment. The involvement of plants in wastewater treatment cannot be separated from wetland utilization. As one of the green technologies in wastewater treatment plants, wetland exhibits a great performance, especially in removing nutrients from wastewater before the final discharge. It involves the use of plants and consequently produces plant biomasses as treatment byproducts. The produced plant biomasses can be utilized or converted into several valuable compounds, but related information is still limited and scattered. This review summarizes wastewater's nutrient content (macro and micronutrient) that can support plant growth and the performance of constructed wetland (CW) in performing nutrient uptake by using macrophytes as treatment agents. This paper further discusses the potential of the utilization of the produced plant biomasses as bioenergy production materials, including bioethanol, biohydrogen, biogas, and biodiesel. This paper also highlights the conversion of plant biomasses into animal feed, biochar, adsorbent, and fertilizer, which may support clean production and circular economy efforts. The presented review aims to emphasize and explore the utilization of plant biomasses and their conversion into valuable products, which may solve problems related to plant biomass handling during the adoption of CW in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Sakinah Mohd Said
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ipung Fitri Purwanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia.
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chu S, Zhang X, Xiao J, Chen R. Dynamic nutrient removal potential of a novel submerged macrophyte Rotala rotundifolia, and its growth and physiological response to reduced light available. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112965. [PMID: 34102497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rotala rotundifolia is a novel submerged macrophyte able to survive across the winter under temperature as low as 4 °C. Dynamic nutrient removal potential of R. rotundifolia was estimated using the Eco-tank system simulating natural eutrophic waters. The growth and physiological response of R. rotundifolia by cutting and division propagation to light (100%, 60%, and 20% natural light) were investigated. The results showed that R. rotundifolia was superior in removing N and P from eutrophic waters. As influent concentrations of NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) were 4.81-5.87 and 0.61-0.78 mg L-1, effluent concentrations of NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), and TP were separately 0.06-1.10, 0.40-1.59, and 0.05-0.17 mg L-1, with removal efficiencies of 93.6%, 84.6%, and 82.5% at a flow rate of 200 L d-1. The growth and morphology of the plant under two propagation patterns were influenced by light and the responses were quite different. The biomass of the plant by cutting was higher at low light conditions, and the plant allocated more biomass on above ground. However, there was no significant difference in the height. By division, the plant preferred to high light. The biomass and height were significantly higher at 100% natural light. The peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and root activities of plant by cutting showed a trend of decrease and followed by an increase with light reduction, while by division, they increased with reduced light available. Variations of chlorophyll and soluble protein of the plant by cutting and division were contrary to the changes of POD activity. These results suggest that R. rotundifolia can be used to effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic waters, and high light promotes the growth of the plant by division, while suitable shade is needed for the plant by cutting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chu
- Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Xiaying Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jibo Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Ruihuan Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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