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Koppula S, Wankhede NL, Sammeta SS, Shende PV, Pawar RS, Chimthanawala N, Umare MD, Taksande BG, Upaganlawar AB, Umekar MJ, Kopalli SR, Kale MB. Modulation of cholesterol metabolism with Phytoremedies in Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102389. [PMID: 38906182 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological ailment that causes cognitive decline and memory loss. Cholesterol metabolism dysregulation has emerged as a crucial element in AD pathogenesis, contributing to the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles, the disease's hallmark neuropathological characteristics. Thus, targeting cholesterol metabolism has gained attention as a potential therapeutic method for Alzheimer's disease. Phytoremedies, which are generated from plants and herbs, have shown promise as an attainable therapeutic option for Alzheimer's disease. These remedies contain bioactive compounds like phytochemicals, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which have demonstrated potential in modulating cholesterol metabolism and related pathways. This comprehensive review explores the modulation of cholesterol metabolism by phytoremedies in AD. It delves into the role of cholesterol in brain function, highlighting disruptions observed in AD. Additionally, it examines the underlying molecular mechanisms of cholesterol-related pathology in AD. The review emphasizes the significance of phytoremedies as a potential therapeutic intervention for AD. It discusses the drawbacks of current treatments and the need for alternative strategies addressing cholesterol dysregulation and its consequences. Through an in-depth analysis of specific phytoremedies, the review presents compelling evidence of their potential benefits. Molecular mechanisms underlying phytoremedy effects on cholesterol metabolism are examined, including regulation of cholesterol-related pathways, interactions with Aβ pathology, influence on tau pathology, and anti-inflammatory effects. The review also highlights challenges and future perspectives, emphasizing standardization, clinical evidence, and personalized medicine approaches to maximize therapeutic potential in AD treatment. Overall, phytoremedies offer promise as a potential avenue for AD management, but further research and collaboration are necessary to fully explore their efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do 27478, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Shivkumar S Sammeta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India.
| | - Prajwali V Shende
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Rupali S Pawar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | | | - Mohit D Umare
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India.
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Yan M, Liu S, Zeng W, Guo Q, Mei Y, Shao X, Su L, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Diao H, Rong X, Guo J. The Chinese herbal medicine Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating cardiac abnormal lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics in diabetic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114919. [PMID: 37302318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important complication leading to the death of patients with diabetes, but there is no effective strategy for clinical treatments. Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) is a patent medicine that is a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation with comprehensive effects for the prevention and treatment of glycolipid metabolic diseases under the guidance of "modulating liver, starting pivot and cleaning turbidity". FTZ was proposed by Professor Guo Jiao and is used for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia. This study was designed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of FTZ on heart lipid metabolism dysfunction and mitochondrial dynamics disorder in mice with DCM, and it provides a theoretical basis for the myocardial protective effect of FTZ in diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated that FTZ protected heart function in DCM mice and downregulated the overexpression of free fatty acids (FFAs) uptake-related proteins cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1). Moreover, FTZ treatment showed a regulatory effect on mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and promoting mitochondrial fusion. We also identified in vitro that FTZ could restore lipid metabolism-related proteins, mitochondrial dynamics-related proteins and mitochondrial energy metabolism in PA-treated cardiomyocytes. Our study indicated that FTZ improves the cardiac function of diabetic mice by attenuating the increase in fasting blood glucose levels, inhibiting the decrease in body weight, alleviating disordered lipid metabolism, and restoring mitochondrial dynamics and myocardial apoptosis in diabetic mouse hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suping Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenru Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiaoling Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Mei
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqi Shao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liyan Su
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongtao Diao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wang H, Zhang H, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Gu C. The mechanism of berberine alleviating metabolic disorder based on gut microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854885. [PMID: 36093200 PMCID: PMC9452888 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With socioeconomic advances and improved living standards, metabolic syndrome has increasingly come into the attention. In recent decades, a growing number of studies have shown that the gut microbiome and its metabolites are closely related to the occurrence and development of many metabolic diseases, and play an important role that cannot be ignored, for instance, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease and others. The correlation between gut microbiota and metabolic disorder has been widely recognized. Metabolic disorder could cause imbalance in gut microbiota, and disturbance of gut microbiota could aggravate metabolic disorder as well. Berberine (BBR), as a natural ingredient, plays an important role in the treatment of metabolic disorder. Studies have shown that BBR can alleviate the pathological conditions of metabolic disorders, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of gut microbiota: gut microbiota could regulate the absorption and utilization of berberine in the body; meanwhile, the structure and function of gut microbiota also changed after intervention by berberine. Therefore, we summarize relevant mechanism research, including the expressions of nitroreductases-producing bacteria to promote the absorption and utilization of berberine, strengthening intestinal barrier function, ameliorating inflammation regulating bile acid signal pathway and axis of bacteria-gut-brain. The aim of our study is to clarify the therapeutic characteristics of berberine further and provide the theoretical basis for the regulation of metabolic disorder from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjuan Gu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chengjuan Gu,
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Cao RY, Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Li Q, Sun W, Gu W, Cao W, Zhou L, Zheng H, Yang J. Berberine on the Prevention and Management of Cardiometabolic Disease: Clinical Applications and Mechanisms of Action. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1645-1666. [PMID: 34488551 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is an alkaloid from several medicinal plants originally used to treat diarrhea and dysentery as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In recent years, berberine has been discovered to exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities in the treatment of diverse diseases ranging from cancer and neurological dysfunctions to metabolic disorders and heart diseases. This review article summarizes the clinical practice and laboratory exploration of berberine for the treatment of cardiometabolic and heart diseases, with a focus on the novel insights and recent advances of the underlying mechanisms recognized in the past decade. Berberine was found to display pleiotropic therapeutic effects against dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, arrhythmia, and heart failure. The mechanisms of berberine for the treatment of cardiometabolic disease involve combating inflammation and oxidative stress such as inhibiting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) activation, regulating electrical signals and ionic channels such as targeting human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) currents, promoting energy metabolism such as activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, modifying gut microbiota to promote transforming of berberine into its intestine-absorbable form, and interacting with non-coding RNAs via targeting multiple signaling pathways such as AMPK, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), etc. Collectively, berberine appears to be safe and well-tolerated in clinical practice, especially for those who are intolerant to statins. Knowledge from this field may pave the way for future development of more effective pharmaceutical approaches for managing cardiometabolic risk factors and preventing heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Cao
- CVD Collaborative Program of Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Yuntao Zheng
- CVD Collaborative Program of Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China.,CVD Collaborative Program of Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CVD Collaborative Program of Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- CVD Collaborative Program of Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Qing Li
- CVD Collaborative Program of Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Wanqun Sun
- CVD Collaborative Program of Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Wenqin Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Xuhui Fengling Community Healthcare Service Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Xuhui Fengling Community Healthcare Service Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Xuhui Caohejing Community Healthcare Service Center, Shanghai 200235, P. R. China
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- CVD Collaborative Program of Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- CVD Collaborative Program of Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
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Rui R, Yang H, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Xu X, Li C, Liu S. Effects of Berberine on Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:764175. [PMID: 34899318 PMCID: PMC8661030 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.764175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an epidemic across the globe[A1], and its morbidity and mortality remain high, involving various complications and poor prognoses. In atherosclerosis, endothelial cells (ECs) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration and proliferation, foam cell formation, and inflammatory cell recruitment contribute to disease progression. Vascular stem cells (VSCs) also play a critical role in the cardiovascular system. Important data showed that the simultaneous increase of proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs is the main cause of graft vein stenosis, suggesting that inhibition of VSMCs proliferation and apoptosis simultaneously is an important strategy for the treatment of atherosclerotic stenosis. Complementary and alternative medicine use among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is growing. Berberine is an extract of Chinese traditional herbs that is known for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in the digestive system. Its underlying anti-CVD mechanisms are currently attracting interest, and its pharmacological actions, such as antioxidation, regulation of neurotransmitters and enzymes, and cholesterol-lowering effects, have been substantiated. Recent studying found that berberine could inhibit both the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs induced by mechanical stretch stress simultaneously, which suggests that berberine might be an excellent drug to treat atherosclerosis. This review will focus on the recent progress of the effect of berberine on vascular cells, especially VSMCs, to provide important data and a new perspective for the application of berberine in anti-atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Rui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haolan Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanke Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Trib1 deficiency causes brown adipose respiratory chain depletion and mitochondrial disorder. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1098. [PMID: 34811364 PMCID: PMC8608845 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tribbles homolog 1 (TRIB1) belongs to the Tribbles family of pseudokinases, which plays a key role in tumorigenesis and inflammation. Although genome-wide analysis shows that TRIB1 expression is highly correlated with blood lipid levels, the relationship between TRIB1 and adipose tissue metabolism remains unclear. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to explore the role of TRIB1 on mitochondrial function in the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Trib1-knockout mice were established using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology. The metabolic function of the BAT was induced by a β3-adrenoceptor agonist and the energy metabolism function of mitochondria in the BAT of mice was evaluated. Trib1-knockout mice exhibited obesity and impaired BAT thermogenesis. In particular, Trib1 knockout reduced the ability of the BAT to maintain body temperature, inhibited β3-adrenoceptor agonist-induced thermogenesis, and accelerated lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissues. In addition, Trib1 knockout reduced mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III activity, produced an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, caused mitochondrial structural damage and dysfunction, and affected heat production and lipid metabolism in the BAT. Conversely, overexpression of Trib1 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased the number of mitochondria and improved respiratory function. These findings support the role of Trib1 in regulating the mitochondrial respiratory chain and mitochondrial dynamics by affecting mitochondrial function and thermogenesis in the BAT.
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Zhang B, Zhang X, Zhang C, Sun G, Sun X. Berberine Improves the Protective Effects of Metformin on Diabetic Nephropathy in db/db Mice through Trib1-dependent Inhibiting Inflammation. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1807-1820. [PMID: 34773184 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of severe diabetic complications in the diabetes, is the main cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Notably, the currently available medications used to treat DN remain limited. Here, we determined whether berberine (BBR) could enhance the anti-diabetic nephropathy activities of metformin (Met) and explored its possible mechanisms. METHOD The anti-diabetic nephropathy properties were systematically analyzed in the diabetic db/db mice treated with Met, BBR or with combination of Met and BBR. RESULTS We found that both single Met and BBR treatments, and combination therapy could lower blood glucose, and ameliorate insulin resistance. The improvement of lipids metabolism by co-administration was more evident, as indicated by reduced serum cholesterol and less fat accumulation in the liver. Further, it was found that Met and BBR treatments, and co-administration could attenuate the progression of DN. However, anti-diabetic nephropathy activities of Met were enhanced when combined with BBR, as evidenced by improved renal function and histological abnormalities of diabetic kidney. Mechanistically, BBR enhanced renal-protective effects of Met primarily through potently promoting expression of Trib1, which subsequently downregulated the increased protein levels of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and eventually inhibited fatty synthesis proteins and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling. CONCLUSION Our data provide novel insight that co-administration of BBR and Met exerts a preferable activity of anti-diabetic nephropathy via collectively enhancing lipolysis and inhibiting inflammation. Combination therapy with these two drugs may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for the medical treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine Against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Plasma lipidomic analysis shows a disease progression signature in mdx mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12993. [PMID: 34155298 PMCID: PMC8217252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disorder affecting paediatric patients. The disease course is characterized by loss of muscle mass, which is rapidly substituted by fibrotic and adipose tissue. Clinical and preclinical models have clarified the processes leading to muscle damage and myofiber degeneration. Analysis of the fat component is however emerging as more evidence shows how muscle fat fraction is associated with patient performance and prognosis. In this article we aimed to study whether alterations exist in the composition of lipids in plasma samples obtained from mouse models. Analysis of plasma samples was performed in 4 mouse models of DMD and wild-type mice by LC–MS. Longitudinal samplings of individual mice covering an observational period of 7 months were obtained to cover the different phases of the disease. We report clear elevation of glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids families in dystrophic mice compared to healthy mice. Triacylglycerols were the strongest contributors to the signatures in mice. Annotation of individual lipids confirmed the elevation of lipids belonging to these families as strongest discriminants between healthy and dystrophic mice. A few sphingolipids (such as ganglioside GM2, sphingomyelin and ceramide), sterol lipids (such as cholesteryl oleate and cholesteryl arachidonate) and a fatty acyl (stearic acid) were also found to be affected in dystrophic mice. Analysis of serum and plasma samples show how several lipids are affected in dystrophic mice affected by muscular dystrophy. This study sets the basis to further investigations to understand how the lipid signature relates to the disease biology and muscle performance.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pseudokinase Tribbles-1 (TRIB1) remains the focus of intense research since genome-wide association studies (GWAS) associated it with multiple cardiometabolic traits in humans, including plasma lipids and atherosclerosis. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the function of TRIB1 and what outstanding questions remain. RECENT FINDINGS Studies performed in a myeloid-specific Trib1 mouse model show that Trib1 contributes to foam cell formation, underscoring the importance of continued research into tissue-specific functions of TRIB1. Investigations of TRIB1 function in a 3D hepatic organoid model demonstrate that hepatic TRIB1 functions elucidated in mouse models are recapitulated in these organoid systems. Lastly, a recent study showed berberine, an existing lipid-lowering drug, to be acting via a TRIB1-dependent mechanism, highlighting both a novel regulator of TRIB1 expression and the potential of studying TRIB1 through existing therapeutics. SUMMARY TRIB1 remains one of the more fascinating loci to arise from cardiometabolic GWAS, given the constellation of traits it associates with. As genetic studies continue to link TRIB1 to metabolic phenotypes, more functional research on tissue-specific TRIB1, regulation of TRIB1 and its function in current therapies, as well as the reproduction of results from mice in human contexts are all necessary to increase our understanding of TRIB1 and its relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Y. Hu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Robert C. Bauer
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
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Natural products and analogs as preventive agents for metabolic syndrome via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113535. [PMID: 33992930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products and synthetic analogs have drawn much attention as potential therapeutical drugs to treat metabolic syndrome. We reviewed the underlying mechanisms of 32 natural products and analogs with potential pharmacological effects in vitro, and especially in rodent models and/or patients, that usually act on the PPAR pathway, along with other molecular targets. Recent outstanding total syntheses or semisyntheses of these lead compounds are stated. In general, they can activate the transcriptional activity of PPARα, PPARγ, PPARα/γ, PPARβ/δ, PPARα/δ, PPARγ/δ and panPPAR as weak, partial agonists or selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARγM), which may be useful for managing obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia and non-fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Terpenoids is the largest group of compounds that act as potential modulators on PPARs and are comprised from small lipophilic cannabinoids to lipophilic pentacyclic triterpenes and polar saponins. Shikimates-phenylpropanoids include polar heterocyclic flavonoids and phenolic compounds containing at least one C3-C6 unit and usually a double bond on the propyl chain. Quercetin (19), resveratrol (24) and curcumin (27), stand out from this group for exhibiting beneficial effects on patients. Alkaloids, the minor group of potential modulators on PPARs, include berberine (30), which has been widely explored in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential beneficial effects on T2D and dyslipidemia. However, large-scale clinical trials may be warranted for the promising compounds.
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Li X, Su C, Jiang Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Zhang X, Du Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Jiang J, Hong B. Berberine attenuates choline-induced atherosclerosis by inhibiting trimethylamine and trimethylamine-N-oxide production via manipulating the gut microbiome. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:36. [PMID: 33863898 PMCID: PMC8052457 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a derivative from the gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine (TMA), has been identified to be an independent risk factor for promoting atherosclerosis. Evidences suggest that berberine (BBR) could be used to treat obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, however, its mechanism is not clear mainly because of its poor oral bioavailability. Here, we show that BBR attenuated TMA/TMAO production in the C57BL/6J and ApoE KO mice fed with choline-supplemented chow diet, and mitigated atherosclerotic lesion areas in ApoE KO mice. Inhibition of TMA/TMAO production by BBR-modulated gut microbiota was proved by a single-dose administration of d9-choline in vivo. Metagenomic analysis of cecal contents demonstrated that BBR altered gut microbiota composition, microbiome functionality, and cutC/cntA gene abundance. Furthermore, BBR was shown to inhibit choline-to-TMA conversion in TMA-producing bacteria in vitro and in gut microbial consortium from fecal samples of choline-fed mice and human volunteers, and the result was confirmed by transplantation of TMA-producing bacteria in mice. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the anti-atherosclerosis effects of BBR, which inhibits commensal microbial TMA production via gut microbiota remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxia Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Bin Hong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology for Drug Innovation, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Berberine inhibits proliferation and induces G0/G1 phase arrest in colorectal cancer cells by downregulating IGF2BP3. Life Sci 2020; 260:118413. [PMID: 32926933 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Berberine (BBR) is one of isoquinoline alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma and possesses extensive pharmacological activities, including anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity. However, the detailed mechanisms remain to be determined. The current study aims to investigate the ability and the potential mechanism of BBR against CRC. MAIN METHODS By mining recognized CRC datasets and RNA-seq results of cells and tumors treated with BBR for perform bioinformatics analysis to find key targets IGF2BP3. Overexpression and knockdown of IGF2BP3 assays were used to explore the biological role of IGF2BP3 in the process of BBR against CRC. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that BBR inhibits proliferation and induces G0/G1 phase arrest in CRC cells by downregulating IGF2BP3. Specifically, Knockdown of IGF2BP3 could suppress the PI3K/AKT pathway to inhibit cell proliferation and cycle transition. The negative effects of BBR in CRC cells could be rescued by overexpressing IGF2BP3. SIGNIFICANCE Our data might provide a theoretical basis for the future use of BBR in colorectal cancer prevention.
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