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Vespasiano G, Cianflone G, Marini L, De Rosa R, Polemio M, Walraevens K, Vaselli O, Pizzino L, Cinti D, Capecchiacci F, Barca D, Dominici R, Apollaro C. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic characterization of the Gioia Tauro coastal Plain (Calabria - southern Italy): A multidisciplinary approach for a focused management of vulnerable strategic systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160694. [PMID: 36481154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work pursues the hydro-geochemical and isotopic characterization of the complex groundwater system of the Gioia Tauro Plain, one of the most important industrialized and agricultural coastal areas of southern Italy. The anthropic pressure exposes the water resources at risk of depletion and quality degradation making the plain groundwater a system of high scientific and social interest. The plain is characterized by a shallow aquifer, mostly recharged by local rains and a deep aquifer apparently less influenced by local precipitation. Both aquifers are mainly Ca-HCO3 waters except for localized sectors where Na-HCO3, Na-Cl and Ca-SO4 waters are present. In deep aquifer, both prolonged interaction with sedimentary rocks, mainly deriving from the erosion of crystalline rocks, and direct cation exchange represent the primary factors controlling the formation of Na-HCO3 waters. Mixing processes between these waters and either connate brine and/or deep thermal waters contribute to the formation of isolated high salinity Na-Cl-rich waters. In shallow aquifer, inputs of N-rich sewage and agriculture-related contaminants, and SOx emissions in proximity of the harbor are responsible of the increasing nitrate and sulphate concentrations, respectively. The Cl/Br and NO3/Cl ratios highlight contamination mainly linked to agricultural activities and contribution of wastewater. Along the northern boundary, the warmest groundwater (Na-Cl[SO4]) were found close to a bend of the main strike-slip fault system, locally favouring the rising of B- and Li-rich deep waters, testifying the influence of geological-structural features on deep water circulation. Despite the high-water demand, a direct marine intrusion is localized in a very restricted area, where we observed an incipient groundwater-seawater mixing (seawater contribution ≤7 %). The qualitative and quantitative conditions of the shallow aquifer still have acceptable levels because of the relatively high recharge inflow. A reliable hydrogeochemical conceptual model, able to explain the compositional variability of the studied waters, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vespasiano
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy; E3 (Earth, Environment, Engineering) Soc. Coop. and Spin-Off of University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - G Cianflone
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy; E3 (Earth, Environment, Engineering) Soc. Coop. and Spin-Off of University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - L Marini
- Steam Srl, Via Ponte a Piglieri 8, I-56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - R De Rosa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - M Polemio
- CNR-IRPI, National Research Council, Research Institute for Hydrogeological Protection, Via Amendola 122 I, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - K Walraevens
- Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - O Vaselli
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; CNR-IGG Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - L Pizzino
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Roma 1, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - D Cinti
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Roma 1, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - F Capecchiacci
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Florence, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; CNR-IGG Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Via Diocleziano, 328, 80125 Napoli, NA
| | - D Barca
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - R Dominici
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy; E3 (Earth, Environment, Engineering) Soc. Coop. and Spin-Off of University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - C Apollaro
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci 4, Cubo 15B, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Fernandes ACA, de Oliveira FP, Fernandez G, da Guia Vieira L, Rosa CG, do Nascimento T, de Castro França S, Donato J, Vella KR, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Mecawi AS, Perello M, Elias LLK, Rorato R. Arcuate AgRP, but not POMC neurons, modulate paraventricular CRF synthesis and release in response to fasting. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:118. [PMID: 35902915 PMCID: PMC9331576 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is essential for metabolic adaptation in response to fasting. However, the neurocircuitry connecting changes in the peripheral energy stores to the activity of hypothalamic paraventricular corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRFPVN) neurons, the master controller of the HPA axis activity, is not completely understood. Our main goal was to determine if hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) POMC and AgRP neurons can communicate fasting-induced changes in peripheral energy stores, associated to a fall in plasma leptin levels, to CRFPVN neurons to modulate the HPA axis activity in mice. RESULTS We observed increased plasma corticosterone levels associate with increased CRFPVN mRNA expression and increased CRFPVN neuronal activity in 36 h fasted mice. These responses were associated with a fall in plasma leptin levels and changes in the mRNA expression of Agrp and Pomc in the ARC. Fasting-induced decrease in plasma leptin partially modulated these responses through a change in the activity of ARC neurons. The chemogenetic activation of POMCARC by DREADDs did not affect fasting-induced activation of the HPA axis. DREADDs inhibition of AgRPARC neurons reduced the content of CRFPVN and increased its accumulation in the median eminence but had no effect on corticosterone secretion induced by fasting. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that AgRPARC neurons are part of the neurocircuitry involved in the coupling of PVNCRF activity to changes in peripheral energy stores induced by prolonged fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciane Pereira de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, 403, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luane da Guia Vieira
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gugelmin Rosa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Taís do Nascimento
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Suzelei de Castro França
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Kristen R Vella
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jose Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - André Souza Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, 403, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil. .,Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil.
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