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Zhao J, Cheng Y, Zhou M. NONRATT000538.2 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch and in-stent restenosis. Exp Cell Res 2024; 442:114260. [PMID: 39303839 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) excessive proliferation and migration are considered the main pathological process in in-stent restenosis (ISR) following vascular intervention. Certain long noncoding RNAs play vital roles in this process. Therefore, this study aimed to explore novel regulators for ISR and further uncover the mechanism. Using a rat abdominal aorta stent implantation model, we observed that NONRATT000538.2 (NR538.2) served as a positive regulator for VSMC proliferation and migration. By manipulating NR538.2 expression via adenoviral overexpression or siRNA knockdown, we noted that NR538.2 promoted VSMC phenotypic switching, thereby inducing proliferation and migration. Significantly, the local delivery of siRNA of NR538.2 via adeno-associated virus vector suppressed balloon injury-induced neointima formation. Our study demonstrated for the first time that NR538.2 positively influenced VSMC proliferation during ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Matsuo H, Kawakami K, Ohara H, Kaneko T, Mashimo T, Yamada T, Nabika T. Apolipoprotein E-depletion accelerates arterial fat deposition in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Exp Anim 2023; 72:439-445. [PMID: 37081644 PMCID: PMC10658095 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and atherosclerosis are often found in one patient causing serious cardiovascular events. An animal model simultaneously expressing hypertension and atherosclerosis would be useful to study such a complex risk status. We therefore attempted to introduce a null mutation of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene into the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) using CRISPR/Cas9 to establish a genetic model for atherosclerosis with hypertension. We successfully established SHRApoE(-/-) having a 13-bps deletion in the 5'-end of ApoE gene. Deletion of ApoE protein was confirmed by Western blotting. Blood pressure of SHRApoE(-/-) was comparable to that of SHR. Feeding the rats with high fat high cholesterol diet (HFD) caused a significant increase in LDL cholesterol as well as in triglyceride in SHRApoE(-/-). After 8 weeks of HFD loading, superficial fat deposition was observed both in the aorta and the mesenteric arteries of SHRApoE(-/-) instead of mature atheromatous lesions found in humans. In addition, a null mutation of peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) was introduced into SHRApoE(-/-) to examine the effect of increased oxidative stress on the development of atherosclerosis. SHR with the double depletion of ApoE and Prdx2 did not show mature atheroma either. Further, salt loading did not promote development of atheroma although it accelerated the development of fat deposition. These results indicated that when compared with ApoE-knockout mice, SHRApoE(-/-) was more resistant to atherosclerosis even though they have severe hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawakami
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohara
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takaya Yamada
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Head Office for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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Cornelissen A, Florescu RA, Reese S, Behr M, Ranno A, Manjunatha K, Schaaps N, Böhm C, Liehn EA, Zhao L, Nilcham P, Milzi A, Schröder J, Vogt FJ. In-vivo assessment of vascular injury for the prediction of in-stent restenosis. Int J Cardiol 2023; 388:131151. [PMID: 37423572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite optimizations of coronary stenting technology, a residual risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) remains. Vessel wall injury has important impact on the development of ISR. While injury can be assessed in histology, there is no injury score available to be used in clinical practice. METHODS Seven rats underwent abdominal aorta stent implantation. At 4 weeks after implantation, animals were euthanized, and strut indentation, defined as the impression of the strut into the vessel wall, as well as neointimal growth were assessed. Established histological injury scores were assessed to confirm associations between indentation and vessel wall injury. In addition, stent strut indentation was assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in an exemplary clinical case. RESULTS Stent strut indentation was associated with vessel wall injury in histology. Furthermore, indentation was positively correlated with neointimal thickness, both in the per-strut analysis (r = 0.5579) and in the per-section analysis (r = 0.8620; both p ≤ 0.001). In a clinical case, indentation quantification in OCT was feasible, enabling assessment of injury in vivo. CONCLUSION Assessing stent strut indentation enables periprocedural assessment of stent-induced damage in vivo and therefore allows for optimization of stent implantation. The assessment of stent strut indentation might become a valuable tool in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Cornelissen
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Roberta Andreea Florescu
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Reese
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marek Behr
- Chair for Computational Analysis of Technical Systems (CATS), Center for Simulation and Data Science (JARA-CSD), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Ranno
- Chair for Computational Analysis of Technical Systems (CATS), Center for Simulation and Data Science (JARA-CSD), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kiran Manjunatha
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Applied Mechanics, Mies-van-der-Rohe-Str. 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schaaps
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Böhm
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles (BioTex), AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering | Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University
| | - Elisa Anamaria Liehn
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research Unit, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Liguo Zhao
- Loughborough University, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Pakhwan Nilcham
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Milzi
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Schröder
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Jan Vogt
- University Hospital Aachen, Department of Cardiology, Angiology, and Internal Intensive Medicine, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Alferiev IS, Hooshdaran B, Pressly BB, Zoltick PW, Stachelek SJ, Chorny M, Levy RJ, Fishbein I. Intraprocedural endothelial cell seeding of arterial stents via biotin/avidin targeting mitigates in-stent restenosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19212. [PMID: 36357462 PMCID: PMC9649779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired endothelialization of endovascular stents has been established as a major cause of in-stent restenosis and late stent thrombosis. Attempts to enhance endothelialization of inner stent surfaces by pre-seeding the stents with endothelial cells in vitro prior to implantation are compromised by cell destruction during high-pressure stent deployment. Herein, we report on the novel stent endothelialization strategy of post-deployment seeding of biotin-modified endothelial cells to avidin-functionalized stents. Acquisition of an avidin monolayer on the stent surface was achieved by consecutive treatments of bare metal stents (BMS) with polyallylamine bisphosphonate, an amine-reactive biotinylation reagent and avidin. Biotin-modified endothelial cells retain growth characteristics of normal endothelium and can express reporter transgenes. Under physiological shear conditions, a 50-fold higher number of recirculating biotinylated cells attached to the avidin-modified metal surfaces compared to bare metal counterparts. Delivery of biotinylated endothelial cells to the carotid arterial segment containing the implanted avidin-modified stent in rats results in immediate cell binding to the stent struts and is associated with a 30% reduction of in-stent restenosis in comparison with BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S Alferiev
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stanley J Stachelek
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Chorny
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilia Fishbein
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Liehn EA, Lupan AM, Diaconu R, Ioana M, Streata I, Manole C, Burlacu A. Heart function assessment during aging in apolipoprotein E knock-out mice. Discoveries (Craiova) 2021; 9:e136. [PMID: 34816004 PMCID: PMC8605688 DOI: 10.15190/d.2021.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein (apo) E isoforms have strong correlations with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is not clear if apoE has a role in development of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Our study aims to analyze the involvement of apoE in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Serial echo-cardiographic measurements were performed in old wildtype and apoE deficient (apoE-/-) mice. Morphological and functional cardiac parameters were in normal range in both groups at the age of 12 month. At the age of 18 months, both groups had shown ventricular dilation and increased heart rates. However, the apoE-/- mice presented signs of diastolic dysfunction by hypertrophic changes in left ventricle, due probably to arterial hypertension. The right ventricle was not affected by age or genotype. CONCLUSION: Even in the absence of high fat diet, apoE deficiency in mice induces mild changes in the cardiac function of the left ventricle during aging, by developing diastolic dysfunction, which leads to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. However, further studies are necessary to conclude over the role of apoE in cardiac physiology and its involvement in development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Liehn
- Human Genetic Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Mihaela Lupan
- Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Diaconu
- Human Genetic Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Human Genetic Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ioana Streata
- Human Genetic Laboratory, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Catalin Manole
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Burlacu
- Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Animal Models of Neointimal Hyperplasia and Restenosis: Species-Specific Differences and Implications for Translational Research. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:900-917. [PMID: 34869956 PMCID: PMC8617545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is the major factor contributing to restenosis after angioplasty procedures. Multiple animal models exist to study basic and translational aspects of restenosis formation. Animal models differ substantially, and species-specific differences have major impact on the pathophysiology of the model. Genetic, dietary, and mechanical interventions determine the translational potential of the animal model used and have to be considered when choosing the model.
The process of restenosis is based on the interplay of various mechanical and biological processes triggered by angioplasty-induced vascular trauma. Early arterial recoil, negative vascular remodeling, and neointimal formation therefore limit the long-term patency of interventional recanalization procedures. The most serious of these processes is neointimal hyperplasia, which can be traced back to 4 main mechanisms: endothelial damage and activation; monocyte accumulation in the subintimal space; fibroblast migration; and the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. A wide variety of animal models exists to investigate the underlying pathophysiology. Although mouse models, with their ease of genetic manipulation, enable cell- and molecular-focused fundamental research, and rats provide the opportunity to use stent and balloon models with high throughput, both rodents lack a lipid metabolism comparable to humans. Rabbits instead build a bridge to close the gap between basic and clinical research due to their human-like lipid metabolism, as well as their size being accessible for clinical angioplasty procedures. Every different combination of animal, dietary, and injury model has various advantages and disadvantages, and the decision for a proper model requires awareness of species-specific biological properties reaching from vessel morphology to distinct cellular and molecular features.
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Key Words
- Apo, apolipoprotein
- CETP, cholesteryl ester transferase protein
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLr, LDL receptor
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- TGF, transforming growth factor
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- angioplasty
- animal model
- neointimal hyperplasia
- restenosis
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7
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The Relationship Between APOE Gene Polymorphism and In-stent Restenosis After Stenting at the Beginning of the Vertebral Artery. World Neurosurg 2021; 158:e277-e282. [PMID: 34728399 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To retrospectively investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene polymorphism and in-stent restenosis (ISR) after stenting at the beginning of the vertebral artery. METHODS The study included 155 patients who successfully underwent stenting at the beginning of the vertebral artery and had postoperative digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography. Based on the follow-up results, they were divided into the restenosis (ISR) group and non-restenosis (non-ISR) group. The clinical information and APOE genotypes of both groups were analyzed. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze independent risk factors for ISR. RESULTS After 1 year of follow-up, 49 (31.6%) patients had ISR and 106 (68.4%) did not. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), and E3/E4 genotype were independent risk factors for ISR after stenting at the beginning of the vertebral artery. In addition, the LDL-C level of patients with the E3/E4 genotype was higher compared with the E3/E3 genotype group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS APOE gene polymorphism is associated with ISR, and the E3/E4 genotype is an independent risk factor for ISR after stenting at the beginning of the vertebral artery. Further genetic studies can identify risk genotypes to facilitate the early prediction and identification of high-risk patients with ISR.
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Diaconu R, Schaaps N, Afify M, Boor P, Cornelissen A, Florescu RA, Simsekyilmaz S, El-Khoury T, Schumacher D, Ioana M, Streata I, Militaru C, Donoiu I, Vogt F, Liehn EA. Apolipoprotein E4 Is Associated with Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Dilated Cardiomyopathy-An Animal and In-Human Comparative Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189688. [PMID: 34575848 PMCID: PMC8468742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ApoE abnormality represents a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Beyond its role in lipid metabolism, novel studies demonstrate a complex involvement of apoE in membrane homeostasis and signaling as well as in nuclear transcription. Due to the large spread of apoE isoforms in the human population, there is a need to understand the apoE’s role in pathological processes. Our study aims to dissect the involvement of apoE in heart failure. We showed that apoE-deficient rats present multiple organ damages (kidney, liver, lung and spleen) besides the known predisposition for obesity and affected lipid metabolism (two-fold increase in tissular damages in liver and one-fold increase in kidney, lung and spleen). Heart tissue also showed significant morphological changes in apoE−/− rats, mostly after a high-fat diet. Interestingly, the right ventricle of apoE−/− rats fed a high-fat diet showed more damage and affected collagen content (~60% less total collagen content and double increase in collagen1/collagen3 ratio) compared with the left ventricle (no significant differences in total collagen content or collagen1/collagen3 ratio). In patients, we were able to find a correlation between the presence of ε4 allele and cardiomyopathy (χ2 = 10.244; p = 0.001), but also with right ventricle dysfunction with decreased TAPSE (15.3 ± 2.63 mm in ε4-allele-presenting patients vs. 19.8 ± 3.58 mm if the ε4 allele is absent, p < 0.0001*) and increased in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (50.44 ± 16.47 mmHg in ε4-allele-presenting patients vs. 40.68 ± 15.94 mmHg if the ε4 allele is absent, p = 0.0019). Our results confirm that the presence of the ε4 allele is a lipid-metabolism-independent risk factor for heart failure. Moreover, we show for the first time that the presence of the ε4 allele is associated with right ventricle dysfunction, implying different regulatory mechanisms of fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix in both ventricles. This is essential to be considered and thoroughly investigated before the design of therapeutical strategies for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Diaconu
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.D.); (M.I.); (I.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.); (I.D.)
| | - Nicole Schaaps
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.S.); (M.A.); (A.C.); (R.A.F.); (T.E.-K.); (F.V.)
| | - Mamdouh Afify
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.S.); (M.A.); (A.C.); (R.A.F.); (T.E.-K.); (F.V.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Peter Boor
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Anne Cornelissen
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.S.); (M.A.); (A.C.); (R.A.F.); (T.E.-K.); (F.V.)
| | - Roberta A. Florescu
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.S.); (M.A.); (A.C.); (R.A.F.); (T.E.-K.); (F.V.)
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- Department for Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Teddy El-Khoury
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.S.); (M.A.); (A.C.); (R.A.F.); (T.E.-K.); (F.V.)
| | - David Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihai Ioana
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.D.); (M.I.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioana Streata
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.D.); (M.I.); (I.S.)
| | - Constantin Militaru
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.); (I.D.)
| | - Ionut Donoiu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.M.); (I.D.)
| | - Felix Vogt
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.S.); (M.A.); (A.C.); (R.A.F.); (T.E.-K.); (F.V.)
| | - Elisa A. Liehn
- Human Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.D.); (M.I.); (I.S.)
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (N.S.); (M.A.); (A.C.); (R.A.F.); (T.E.-K.); (F.V.)
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Pathology “Victor Babes”, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
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9
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Wu Y, Johnson G, Zhao F, Wu Y, Zhao G, Brown A, You S, Zou MH, Song P. Features of Lipid Metabolism in Humanized ApoE Knockin Rat Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158262. [PMID: 34361033 PMCID: PMC8347964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), an essential plasma apolipoprotein, has three isoforms (E2, E3, and E4) in humans. E2 is associated with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. E4 is the major susceptibility gene to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic lesions of novel humanized ApoE knockin (hApoE KI) rats in comparison to wide-type (WT) and ApoE knockout (ApoE KO) rats. The hApoE2 rats showed the lowest bodyweight and white fat mass. hApoE2 rats developed higher serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), and low- and very low density lipoprotein (LDL-C&VLDL-C). ApoE KO rats also exhibited elevated TC and LDL-C&VLDL-C. Only mild atherosclerotic lesions were detected in hApoE2 and ApoE KO aortic roots. Half of the hApoE2 rats developed hepatic nodular cirrhosis. A short period of the Paigen diet (PD) treatment led to the premature death of the hApoE2 and ApoE KO rats. Severe vascular wall thickening of the coronary and pulmonary arteries was observed in 4-month PD-treated hApoE4 rats. In conclusion, hApoE2 rats develop spontaneous hyperlipidemia and might be suitable for studies of lipid metabolism-related diseases. With the PD challenge, hApoE4 KI rats could be a novel model for the analysis of vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Gem Johnson
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Fujie Zhao
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Yin Wu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Guojun Zhao
- Envigo RMS, Inc., St. Louis, MO 63146, USA; (G.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrew Brown
- Envigo RMS, Inc., St. Louis, MO 63146, USA; (G.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Shaojin You
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.W.); (G.J.); (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (S.Y.); (M.-H.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-413-6636
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10
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Iop L. Toward the Effective Bioengineering of a Pathological Tissue for Cardiovascular Disease Modeling: Old Strategies and New Frontiers for Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:591583. [PMID: 33748193 PMCID: PMC7969521 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.591583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) still represent the primary cause of mortality worldwide. Preclinical modeling by recapitulating human pathophysiology is fundamental to advance the comprehension of these diseases and propose effective strategies for their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. In silico, in vivo, and in vitro models have been applied to dissect many cardiovascular pathologies. Computational and bioinformatic simulations allow developing algorithmic disease models considering all known variables and severity degrees of disease. In vivo studies based on small or large animals have a long tradition and largely contribute to the current treatment and management of CVDs. In vitro investigation with two-dimensional cell culture demonstrates its suitability to analyze the behavior of single, diseased cellular types. The introduction of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and the application of bioengineering principles raised the bar toward in vitro three-dimensional modeling by enabling the development of pathological tissue equivalents. This review article intends to describe the advantages and disadvantages of past and present modeling approaches applied to provide insights on some of the most relevant congenital and acquired CVDs, such as rhythm disturbances, bicuspid aortic valve, cardiac infections and autoimmunity, cardiovascular fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and calcific aortic valve stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
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11
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Kang Z, Cao Y, Li L, Zhang G. The Association Between Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism and In-Stent Restenosis After Extracranial and Intracranial Artery Stenting. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 30:105424. [PMID: 33221611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neo-atherosclerosis plays a vital role in the incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after extracranial and intracranial artery stenting, and Apolipoprotein (ApoE) gene polymorphism has been reported to be closely related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. The present study aims to investigate the association between ApoE gene polymorphism and ISR after extracranial and intracranial artery stenting. METHODS A total of 169 patients with successful stent implantation were included in this study. ApoE genotypes were obtained during the postoperative follow-up. Color Doppler ultrasonography of cervical artery or head and neck CT angiography (CTA) was performed on the 1,3,6 and 12 months and then yearly in the clinical follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis of independent risk factors was performed to evaluate the ISR. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to compare the restenosis -free rate among the patients with different ApoE genotypes. RESULTS Of the 169 patients, 43 (43/169, 25.4%) developed ISR after a mean follow-up period of 10.4 months (1-35 months). Multivariate analysis showed that genotype E4/E4 (hazard ratio 3.305, P = 0.031, 95% confidence interval 1.118-9.773) and degree of stenosis >90% (hazard ratio 5.083, P = 0.001, 95% confidence interval 1.938-13.327) were significant determinants of ISR. CONCLUSION ApoE gene polymorphism is closely related to the incidence of ISR after extracranial and intracranial artery stenting, and the genotype E4/E4 is an independent risk factor for ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoucheng Kang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Cao
- Department of Neurology, Air Force Medical Center, 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurology, Air Force Medical Center, 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China.
| | - Guangyun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Air Force Medical Center, 30 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China.
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12
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Zhang M, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Jia Z, Ren M, Jia X, Ma L, Gao M, Hou Y. Impacts of CYP2C19 Polymorphism and Clopidogrel Dosing on in-Stent Restenosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Chinese Patients. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:669-676. [PMID: 32109992 PMCID: PMC7038774 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s242167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This retrospective cohort study is to analyze the impacts of CYP2C19 polymorphism and clopidogrel dosing on in-stent restenosis (ISR) after coronary stenting. Methods Totally, 111 patients were included, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent. Patients received clopidogrel treatment after the intervention on the background treatment with aspirin, based on the genotypes: 75 mg clopidogrel once each day for subjects without CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles (n=51; EM), 75 mg clopidogrel once each day (n=27; IM75) or twice each day (n=33; IM150) for subjects with one CYP2C19 LOF allele. ISR at 3-18 months after coronary stenting was assessed. Results ISR rate was significantly higher in the IM75 group (40.7%) than the EM group (11.8%). ISR rate in the IM150 group was lower than the IM75 group (6.1% vs 40.7%), and comparable to that in the EM group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that both CYP2C19 genotype and clopidogrel dosing were associated with the risk of ISR after adjusting the relevant confounding factors. ISR risk was higher in the IM patients than the EM patients. Patients with clopidogrel dose of 75 mg once each day had significantly higher risk of ISR than those with the dose of 75 mg twice each day. Conclusion Increased dose of clopidogrel may reduce the risk of ISR after PCI in CYP2C19 LOF allele(s) carriers. The presence of CYP2C19 LOF allele(s) increases the risk of ISR after stenting, which could be counteracted by the increased dose of clopidogrel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangrong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhisheng Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Manyi Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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