1
|
Rhodes JS, Aumon A, Morin S, Girard M, Larochelle C, Brunet-Ratnasingham E, Pagliuzza A, Marchitto L, Zhang W, Cutler A, Grand'Maison F, Zhou A, Finzi A, Chomont N, Kaufmann DE, Zandee S, Prat A, Wolf G, Moon KR. Gaining Biological Insights through Supervised Data Visualization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.22.568384. [PMID: 38293135 PMCID: PMC10827133 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Dimensionality reduction-based data visualization is pivotal in comprehending complex biological data. The most common methods, such as PHATE, t-SNE, and UMAP, are unsupervised and therefore reflect the dominant structure in the data, which may be independent of expert-provided labels. Here we introduce a supervised data visualization method called RF-PHATE, which integrates expert knowledge for further exploration of the data. RF-PHATE leverages random forests to capture intricate featurelabel relationships. Extracting information from the forest, RF-PHATE generates low-dimensional visualizations that highlight relevant data relationships while disregarding extraneous features. This approach scales to large datasets and applies to classification and regression. We illustrate RF-PHATE's prowess through three case studies. In a multiple sclerosis study using longitudinal clinical and imaging data, RF-PHATE unveils a sub-group of patients with non-benign relapsingremitting Multiple Sclerosis, demonstrating its aptitude for time-series data. In the context of Raman spectral data, RF-PHATE effectively showcases the impact of antioxidants on diesel exhaust-exposed lung cells, highlighting its proficiency in noisy environments. Furthermore, RF-PHATE aligns established geometric structures with COVID-19 patient outcomes, enriching interpretability in a hierarchical manner. RF-PHATE bridges expert insights and visualizations, promising knowledge generation. Its adaptability, scalability, and noise tolerance underscore its potential for widespread adoption.
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang C, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhang H. Droplet Detection and Sorting System in Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:mi14010103. [PMID: 36677164 PMCID: PMC9867185 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Since being invented, droplet microfluidic technologies have been proven to be perfect tools for high-throughput chemical and biological functional screening applications, and they have been heavily studied and improved through the past two decades. Each droplet can be used as one single bioreactor to compartmentalize a big material or biological population, so millions of droplets can be individually screened based on demand, while the sorting function could extract the droplets of interest to a separate pool from the main droplet library. In this paper, we reviewed droplet detection and active sorting methods that are currently still being widely used for high-through screening applications in microfluidic systems, including the latest updates regarding each technology. We analyze and summarize the merits and drawbacks of each presented technology and conclude, with our perspectives, on future direction of development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Zhang W, Van Devener B, Bunch TD, Zhou A, Isom SC. In-situ characterization of porcine fibroblasts in response to silver ions by Raman spectroscopy and liquid scanning transmission electron microscopy. Talanta 2022; 246:123522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
4
|
Martin de Lagarde V, Rogez-Florent T, Cazier F, Dewaele D, Cazier-Dennin F, Ollivier A, Janona M, Achard S, André V, Monteil C, Corbière C. Oxidative potential and in vitro toxicity of particles generated by pyrotechnic smokes in human small airway epithelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113637. [PMID: 35605322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrotechnic smokes are widely used in civilian and military applications. The major issue arise from the release of particles after smoke combustion but the health risks related to their exposure are poorly documented whereas toxicity of airborne particles on the respiratory target are very well known. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the in vitro toxicity of the particle fraction of different pyrotechnic smokes. Particles from a red signalling smoke (RSS), an hexachloroethane-based obscuring smoke (HC-OS) and an anti-intrusion smoke (AIS) were collected from the cloud. RSS particles displayed the highest organic fraction (quinones and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) of the three samples characterized. AIS particles contained K and cholesterol derivatives. HC-OS particles were mainly metallic with very high concentrations of Al, Fe and Ca. Intrinsic oxidative potential of smoke particles was measured with two assays. Depletions of DTT by RSS particles was greater than depletion obtained with AIS and HC-OS particles but depletion of acid ascorbic (AA) was only observed with HC-OS particles. In vitro toxicity was assessed by exposing human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) to various concentrations of particles. After 24 h of exposure, cell viability was not affected but significant modifications of mRNA expression of antioxidant (SOD-1 and -2, catalase, HO-1, NQO-1) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) were observed and were dependent on smoke type. Particles rich in metal, such as HC-OS, induced a greatest depletion of AA and a greatest inflammatory response, whereas particles rich in organic compounds, such as RSS, induced a greatest DTT depletion and a greatest antioxidant response. In conclusion, the three smoke particles have an intrinsic oxidative potential and triggered a cell adaptive response. Our study improved the knowledge of particle toxicity of pyrotechnic smokes and scientific approach developed here could be used to study other type of particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabrice Cazier
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CCM - Centre Commun de Mesures, Dunkerque, France
| | - Dorothée Dewaele
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, CCM - Centre Commun de Mesures, Dunkerque, France
| | - Francine Cazier-Dennin
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4492 - UCEIV - Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 417, Dunkerque, France
| | - Alexane Ollivier
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Marion Janona
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Achard
- Univ. de Paris, Faculté de Pharmacie, Inserm UMR1153 - CRESS, HERA " Health Environmental Risk Assessment ", Paris, France
| | - Véronique André
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Cécile Corbière
- Normandie Univ UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, 76000 Rouen, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang W, Karagiannidis I, Van Vliet EDS, Yao R, Beswick EJ, Zhou A. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promotes an aggressive phenotype of colon and breast cancer cells with biochemical changes investigated by single-cell Raman microspectroscopy and machine learning analysis. Analyst 2021; 146:6124-6131. [PMID: 34543367 PMCID: PMC8631005 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00938a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is produced at high levels in several cancers and is directly linked with metastasis in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In order to further understand the alteration of molecular compositions and biochemical features triggered by G-CSF treatment at molecular and cell levels, we sought to investigate the long term treatment of G-CSF on colon and breast cancer cells measured by label-free, non-invasive single-cell Raman microspectroscopy. Raman spectrum captures the molecule-specific spectral signatures ("fingerprints") of different biomolecules presented on cells. In this work, mouse breast cancer line 4T1 and mouse colon cancer line CT26 were treated with G-CSF for 7 weeks and subsequently analyzed by machine learning based Raman spectroscopy and gene/cytokine expression. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified the Raman bands that most significantly changed between the control and G-CSF treated cells. Notably, here we proposed the concept of aggressiveness score, which can be derived from the posterior probability of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), for quantitative spectral analysis of tumorigenic cells. The aggressiveness score was effectively applied to analyze and differentiate the overall cell biochemical changes of G-CSF-treated two model cancer cells. All these tumorigenic progressions suggested by Raman analysis were confirmed by pro-tumorigenic cytokine and gene analysis. A high correlation between gene expression data and Raman spectra highlights that the machine learning based non-invasive Raman spectroscopy offers emerging and powerful tools to better understand the regulation mechanism of cytokines in the tumor microenvironment that could lead to the discovery of new targets for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Ioannis Karagiannidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84132, USA.
| | - Eliane De Santana Van Vliet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84132, USA.
| | - Ruoxin Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84132, USA.
| | - Ellen J Beswick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT84132, USA.
| | - Anhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Spectral Markers for T Cell Death and Apoptosis-A Pilot Study on Cell Therapy Drug Product Characterization Using Raman Spectroscopy. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3786-3793. [PMID: 34364901 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Application of Raman spectroscopy as a T cell characterization tool supporting cell therapy drug product development has been evaluated. Statistically significant correlations between a set of Raman signals and established flow cytometry markers associated with apoptosis of T cells detected during drug product cryopreservation are presented in this study. Our study results demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy for label-free measurements of T cell characteristics relevant to cell therapy product design and process control.
Collapse
|
7
|
Khairil Anwar NA, Mohd Nazri MN, Murtadha AH, Mohd Adzemi ER, Balakrishnan V, Mustaffa KMF, Tengku Din TADAA, Yahya MM, Haron J, Mokshtar NF. Prognostic prospect of soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 in cancer management. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:961-978. [PMID: 34180502 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive tissue biopsy is commonly unavoidable in the management of most suspected tumor cases to conclusively verify the presence of cancerous cells through histological assessment. The extracted tissue is also immunostained for detection of antigens (tissue tumor markers) of potential prognostic or therapeutic importance to assist in treatment decision. Although liquid biopsies can be a powerful tool for monitoring treatment response, they are still excluded from standard cancer diagnostics, and their utility is still being debated in the scientific community. With a myriad of soluble tissue tumor markers now being discovered, liquid biopsies could completely change the current paradigms of cancer management. Recently, soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1), which is found in the peripheral blood, i.e. serum and plasma, has shown potential as a pre-therapeutic predictive marker as well as a prognostic biomarker to monitor treatment efficacy. Thus, this review focuses on the emergence of sPD-L1 and promising technologies for its detection in order to support liquid biopsies for future cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amira Khairil Anwar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Najmi Mohd Nazri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hafiz Murtadha
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Elis Rosliza Mohd Adzemi
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Mohd Fadzli Mustaffa
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | | | - Maya Mazuwin Yahya
- Breast Cancer Awareness & Research Unit (BestARi), Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Juhara Haron
- Breast Cancer Awareness & Research Unit (BestARi), Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Noor Fatmawati Mokshtar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang W, Rhodes JS, Moon KR, Knudsen BS, Nokolova L, Zhou A. Imaging of PD-L1 in single cancer cells by SERS-based hyperspectral analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6197-6210. [PMID: 33282484 PMCID: PMC7687932 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hyperspectral imaging tool based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probes to determine the expression level and visualize the distribution of PD-L1 in individual cells. Electron-microscopic analysis of PD-L1 antibody - gold nanorod conjugates demonstrated binding the cell surface and internalization into endosomal vesicles. Stimulation of cells with IFN-γ or metformin was used to confirm the ability of SERS probes to report treatment-induced changes. The multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis of spectra provided a greater signal-noise ratio than single peak mapping. However, single peak mapping allowed a systematic subtraction of background and the removal of non-specific binding and endocytic SERS signals. The mean or maximum peak height in the cell or the mean peak height in the area of specific PD-L1 positive pixels was used to estimate the PD-L1 expression levels in single cells. The PD-L1 levels were significantly up-regulated by IFN-γ and inhibited by metformin in human lung cancer cells from the A549 cell line. In conclusion, the method of analyzing hyperspectral SERS imaging data together with systematic and comprehensive removal of non-specific signals allows SERS imaging to be a quantitative tool in the detection of the cancer biomarker, PD-L1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Jake S. Rhodes
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Kevin R. Moon
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | | | - Linda Nokolova
- Electron Microscopy Core Laboratory, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anhong Zhou
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang W, Rhodes JS, Garg A, Takemoto JY, Qi X, Harihar S, Tom Chang CW, Moon KR, Zhou A. Label-free discrimination and quantitative analysis of oxidative stress induced cytotoxicity and potential protection of antioxidants using Raman micro-spectroscopy and machine learning. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1128:221-230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|