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Haghtalab A, Hejazi M, Goharnia N, Yekanlou A, Hazhir K, Barghi A, Bazzaz Z, Allahverdizadeh I, GhalibafSabbaghi A. Investigating the correlation between prominent viruses and hematological malignancies: a literature review. Med Oncol 2024; 41:102. [PMID: 38546893 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the correlation between viral infections and hematological cancers ever since the identification of the Rous Sarcoma Virus as a cancer-causing agent. Numerous viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, have been identified as potential contributors to the development and progression of cancer by disrupting normal cellular processes. Different viruses are associated with distinct forms of blood cancers, each exhibiting unique infection mechanisms, pathogenesis, and clinical symptoms. Understanding these connections is crucial for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Healthcare professionals who possess a solid understanding of these associations can offer precise treatments and closely monitor potential complications in individuals with blood cancers and viral infections. By leveraging this information, healthcare providers can optimize patient care and improve outcomes for those affected by both viral infections and hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Haghtalab
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Milad Hejazi
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Naeem Goharnia
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Yekanlou
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Kousha Hazhir
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asma Barghi
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Bazzaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Chen H, Du P, Yang T, Xu X, Cui T, Dai Y. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with high risk of breast cancer: a pooled analysis of 68,014 participants. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1274340. [PMID: 37901319 PMCID: PMC10613072 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1274340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women. Previous studies had shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection might serve as a risk factor for breast cancer, while some studies failed to find such an association. Methods In this study, we presented a first attempt to capture and clarify this clinical debate via a cumulative analysis (registration ID: CRD42023445888). Results After systematically searching and excluding the irrelevant publications, five case-control or cohort studies were finally included. The synthetic effect from the eligible studies showed that patients with HCV infection had a significantly higher prevalence of breast cancer than non-HCV infected general population (combined HR= 1.382, 95%CI: 1.129 to 1.692, P=0.002). There was no evidence of statistical heterogeneity during this pooled analysis (I2 = 13.2%, P=0.33). The sensitivity analyses confirmed the above findings. No significant publication bias was observed among the included studies. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for this relationship might be associated with persistent infection/inflammation, host immune response, and the modulation of HCV-associated gene expression. Discussion Though the causal association between HCV infection and breast cancer did not seem quite as strong, screening for HCV might enable the early detection of breast cancer and help to prevent the progression of the disease. Since the topic of this study remains a matter of clinical debate, further studies are still warranted to validate this potential association. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023445888.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tiantai People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueyuan Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianyang Cui
- Department of Clinical Medical School, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhang Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ansbacher-Feldman Z, Israeli S, Maiers M, Gragert L, De Santis D, Israeli M, Louzoun Y. GRAMM: A new method for analysis of HLA in families. HLA 2023; 102:477-488. [PMID: 37102220 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, haplo-identical transplantation with multiple HLA mismatches has become a viable option for stem cell transplants. Haplotype sharing detection requires the imputation of donor and recipient. We show that even in high-resolution typing when all alleles are known, there is a 15% error rate in haplotype phasing, and even more in low-resolution typings. Similarly, in related donors, the parents' haplotypes should be imputed to determine what haplotype each child inherited. We propose graph-based family imputation (GRAMM) to phase alleles in family pedigree HLA typing data, and in mother-cord blood unit pairs. We show that GRAMM has practically no phasing errors when pedigree data are available. We apply GRAMM to simulations with different typing resolutions as well as paired cord-mother typings, and show very high phasing accuracy, and improved allele imputation accuracy. We use GRAMM to detect recombination events and show that the rate of falsely detected recombination events (false-positive rate) in simulations is very low. We then apply recombination detection to typed families to estimate the recombination rate in Israeli and Australian population datasets. The estimated recombination rate has an upper bound of 10%-20% per family (1%-4% per individual).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sapir Israeli
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Martin Maiers
- Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Loren Gragert
- Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- National Marrow Donor Program/Be The Match, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dianne De Santis
- Department of Clinical Immunology, PathWest, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Moshe Israeli
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Department of Digital Medical Technologies, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Yoram Louzoun
- Department of Mathematics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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4
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Zhou LY, Zou F, Sun W. Prioritizing candidate peptides for cancer vaccines through predicting peptide presentation by HLA-I proteins. Biometrics 2023; 79:2664-2676. [PMID: 35833513 PMCID: PMC10548401 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer (treatment) vaccines that are made of neoantigens, or peptides unique to tumor cells due to somatic mutations, have emerged as a promising method to reinvigorate the immune response against cancer. A key step to prioritizing neoantigens for cancer vaccines is computationally predicting which neoantigens are presented on the cell surface by a human leukocyte antigen (HLA). We propose to address this challenge by training a neural network using mass spectrometry (MS) data composed of peptides presented by at least one of several HLAs of a subject. We embed the neural network within a mixture model and train the neural network by maximizing the likelihood of the mixture model. After evaluating our method using data sets where the peptide presentation status was known, we applied it to analyze somatic mutations of 60 melanoma patients and identified a group of neoantigens more immunogenic in tumor cells than in normal cells. Moreover, neoantigen burden estimated by our method was significantly associated with a measurement of the immune system activity, suggesting these neoantigens could induce an immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Y. Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Biostatistics Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Mohamed HI, Abdelrahim EM, Elsayed AM, Shaaban SM, Eldahrouty HA. Relationship between hepatitis C virus infection and extrahepatic malignancies. Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 9:202-209. [PMID: 37790685 PMCID: PMC10544054 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2023.130783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common causes of liver-related deaths worldwide. Non-hepatic cancers such as lung and pancreatic cancers have been linked to HCV infection. This study aimed to determine whether HCV seropositivity was related to the development of extrahepatic malignancies and whether this had an impact on patients' survival. Material and methods This retrospective case control study included 1476 patients with lung, colorectal, pancreatic and breast cancers compared to 1550 age- and sex-matched controls regarding HCV seropositivity. In the cancer group, HCV seropositive and seronegative subjects were compared for TNM staging, histologic grading and survival. Results There was no significant difference between cancer patients and controls regarding age and sex. The percentage of HCV seropositivity was significantly higher in the total cancer group compared to that in the control group (11.6% vs. 7.3%) [OR = 1.67, p < 0.001] and in cancer types: lung (20.1%) [OR = 3.20, p < 0.001], colorectal (11.8%) [OR = 1.70, p = 0.025], pancreatic (25.4%) [OR = 4.33, p < 0.001] and breast cancer (8.1%) [OR = 1.47, p = 0.03]. There was a significant decrease in survival among HCV seropositive subjects compared to seronegatives in colorectal [HR = 2.77, p = 0.002] and pancreatic cancer [HR = 2.2, p = 0.004], a non-significant decrease in lung cancer [HR = 1.02, p = 0.93] and a non-significant increase in breast cancer [HR = 0.79, p = 0.51]. Conclusions HCV seropositivity was associated with increased risk of lung, colorectal, pancreatic and breast cancer development; it was also associated with reduced survival in colorectal and pancreatic but not in lung and breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala I. Mohamed
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Ehab M. Abdelrahim
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Elsayed
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Egypt
| | - Saeed M. Shaaban
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Egypt
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Honma Y, Shibata M, Morino K, Koya Y, Hayashi T, Ogino N, Kusanaga M, Oe S, Miyagawa K, Abe S, Tabaru A, Harada M. Impact of Interferon-Free Direct-Acting Antivirals on the Incidence of Extrahepatic Malignancies in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:685-698. [PMID: 36100828 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of extrahepatic malignancies (EHMs) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication by interferon (IFN)-based and IFN-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment remains unclear. AIMS The aim was to evaluate the cumulative incidence of EHMs diagnosed for the first time after the antiviral treatments. METHODS We analyzed a total 527 patients with chronic HCV infection and without prior history of any malignancies who achieved sustained virological response by antiviral treatments, including IFN-based (n = 242) or IFN-free DAAs (n = 285). The baseline predictors for EHM occurrence were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were diagnosed with EHMs, 14 in IFN-based and 18 in IFN-free DAAs, respectively. The total duration of follow-up was 1,796 person-years in IFN-based and 823 person-years in IFN-free DAAs. The incidence of EHMs in IFN-based and IFN-free DAAs was 7.8 and 21.9 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of EHMs was significantly higher in IFN-free DAAs than IFN-based (p = 0.002). IFN-free DAAs was a single independent predictor for incidence of EHMs (p = 0.012). As for gender, the incidence of EHMs was significantly higher in IFN-free DAAs only in the female cohort (p = 0.002). After propensity score matching, IFN-free DAAs was a single independent predictor for incidence of EHMs in the female patients (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of EHMs after HCV eradication is higher in IFN-free DAAs than IFN-based regimens, especially in female patients. We should carefully follow-up not only HCC but also EHMs after IFN-free DAAs regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Honma
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Michihiko Shibata
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kahori Morino
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yudai Koya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Moji Medical Center, 3-1 Higashiminato-machi, Moji-ku, Kitakyushu, 801-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuguru Hayashi
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Ogino
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Masashi Kusanaga
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Oe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koichiro Miyagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shintaro Abe
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akinari Tabaru
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wakamatsu Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-17-1 Hama-machi, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, 800-0024, Japan
| | - Masaru Harada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
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Mishra AK, Müller CL. Negative binomial factor regression with application to microbiome data analysis. Stat Med 2022; 41:2786-2803. [PMID: 35466418 PMCID: PMC9325477 DOI: 10.1002/sim.9384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome provides essential physiological functions and helps maintain host homeostasis via the formation of intricate ecological host‐microbiome relationships. While it is well established that the lifestyle of the host, dietary preferences, demographic background, and health status can influence microbial community composition and dynamics, robust generalizable associations between specific host‐associated factors and specific microbial taxa have remained largely elusive. Here, we propose factor regression models that allow the estimation of structured parsimonious associations between host‐related features and amplicon‐derived microbial taxa. To account for the overdispersed nature of the amplicon sequencing count data, we propose negative binomial reduced rank regression (NB‐RRR) and negative binomial co‐sparse factor regression (NB‐FAR). While NB‐RRR encodes the underlying dependency among the microbial abundances as outcomes and the host‐associated features as predictors through a rank‐constrained coefficient matrix, NB‐FAR uses a sparse singular value decomposition of the coefficient matrix. The latter approach avoids the notoriously difficult joint parameter estimation by extracting sparse unit‐rank components of the coefficient matrix sequentially, effectively delivering interpretable bi‐clusters of taxa and host‐associated factors. To solve the nonconvex optimization problems associated with these factor regression models, we present a novel iterative block‐wise majorization procedure. Extensive simulation studies and an application to the microbial abundance data from the American Gut Project (AGP) demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed procedure. In the AGP data, we identify several factors that strongly link dietary habits and host life style to specific microbial families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K. Mishra
- Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute Simons Foundation New York New York USA
| | - Christian L. Müller
- Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute Simons Foundation New York New York USA
- Department of Statistics LMU München Munich Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology Helmholtz Zentrum München Munich Germany
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Choi JY, Krishnan B, Hu S, Martinez D, Tang Y, Wang X, Sakaie K, Jones S, Murakami H, Blümcke I, Najm I, Ma D, Wang ZI. Using magnetic resonance fingerprinting to characterize periventricular nodular heterotopias in pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Epilepsia 2022; 63:1225-1237. [PMID: 35343593 PMCID: PMC9081261 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to use a novel magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) technique to examine in vivo tissue property characteristics of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH). These characteristics were further correlated with stereotactic-electroencephalographic (SEEG) ictal onset findings. METHODS We included five patients with PVNH who had SEEG-guided surgery and at least 1 year of seizure freedom or substantial seizure reduction. High-resolution MRF scans were acquired at 3 T, generating three-dimensional quantitative T1 and T2 maps. We assessed the differences between T1 and T2 values from the voxels in the nodules located in the SEEG-defined seizure onset zone (SOZ) and non-SOZ, on -individual and group levels. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to obtain the optimal classification performance. Quantification of SEEG ictal onset signals from the nodules was performed by calculating power spectrum density (PSD). The association between PSD and T1 /T2 values was further assessed at different frequency bands. RESULTS Individual-level analysis showed T1 was significantly higher in SOZ voxels than non-SOZ voxels (p < .05), with an average 73% classification accuracy. Group-level analysis also showed higher T1 was significantly associated with SOZ voxels (p < .001). At the optimal cutoff (normalized T1 of 1.1), a 76% accuracy for classifying SOZ nodules from non-SOZ nodules was achieved. T1 values were significantly associated with ictal onset PSD at the ultraslow, θ, β, γ, and ripple bands (p < .05). T2 values were significantly associated with PSD only at the ultraslow band (p < .05). SIGNIFICANCE Quantitative MRF measures, especially T1 , can provide additional noninvasive information to separate nodules in SOZ and non-SOZ. The T1 and T2 tissue property changes carry electrophysiological underpinnings relevant to the epilepsy, as shown by their significant positive associations with power changes during the SEEG seizure onset. The use of MRF as a supplementary noninvasive tool may improve presurgical evaluation for patients with PVNH and pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yul Choi
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Balu Krishnan
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Siyuan Hu
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David Martinez
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yinging Tang
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Neurology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Quantitative Health Science, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ken Sakaie
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen Jones
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hiroatsu Murakami
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Neuropathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Imad Najm
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dan Ma
- Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhong Irene Wang
- Charles Shor Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Darvishian M, Tang T, Wong S, Binka M, Yu A, Alvarez M, Alexander Velásquez García H, Adu PA, Jeong D, Bartlett S, Karamouzian M, Damascene Makuza J, Wong J, Ramji A, Woods R, Krajden M, Janjua N, Bhatti P. Chronic hepatitis C infection is associated with higher incidence of extrahepatic cancers in a Canadian population based cohort. Front Oncol 2022; 12:983238. [PMID: 36313680 PMCID: PMC9609415 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.983238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an established risk factor for liver cancer. Although several epidemiologic studies have evaluated the risk of extrahepatic malignancies among people living with HCV, due to various study limitations, results have been heterogeneous. METHODS We used data from the British Columbia Hepatitis Testers Cohort (BC-HTC), which includes all individuals tested for HCV in the Province since 1990. We assessed hepatic and extrahepatic cancer incidence using data from BC Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) comparing to the general population of BC were calculated for each cancer site from 1990 to 2016. RESULTS In total, 56,823 and 1,207,357 individuals tested positive and negative for HCV, respectively. Median age at cancer diagnosis among people with and without HCV infection was 59 (interquartile range (IQR): 53-65) and 63 years (IQR: 54-74), respectively. As compared to people living without HCV, a greater proportion of people living with HCV-infection were men (66.7% vs. 44.7%, P-value <0.0001), had comorbidities (25.0% vs. 16.3%, P-value <0.0001) and were socially deprived (35.9% vs. 25.0%, P-value <0.0001). The SIRs for liver (SIR 33.09; 95% CI 29.80-36.39), anal (SIR: 2.57; 95% CI 1.52-3.63), oesophagus (SIR: 2.00; 95% CI 1.17-2.82), larynx (SIR: 3.24; 95% CI 1.21-5.27), lung (SIR: 2.20; 95% CI 1.82-2.58), and oral (SIR: 1.78; 95% CI 1.33-2.23) cancers were significantly higher among individuals living with HCV. The SIRs for bile duct and pancreatic cancers were significantly elevated among both individuals living with (SIR; 95% CI: 2.20; 1.27-3.14; 2.18; 1.57-2.79, respectively) and without HCV (SIR; 95% CI: 2.12; 1.88-2.36; 1.20; 1.11-1.28, respectively). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION In this study, HCV infection was associated with increased incidence of several extrahepatic cancers. The elevated incidence of multiple cancers among negative HCV testers highlights the potential contributions of screening bias and increased cancer risks associated with factors driving acquisition of infection among this population compared to the general population. Early HCV diagnosis and treatment as well as public health prevention strategies are needed to reduce the risk of extrahepatic cancers among people living with HCV and potentially populations who are at higher risk of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darvishian
- Cancer Prevention, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Maryam Darvishian,
| | - Terry Tang
- Cancer Prevention, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stanley Wong
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mawuena Binka
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda Yu
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria Alvarez
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Prince Asumadu Adu
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dahn Jeong
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sofia Bartlett
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohammad Karamouzian
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Surveillance Research Center, and World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jean Damascene Makuza
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jason Wong
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alnoor Ramji
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Woods
- Cancer Prevention, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Naveed Janjua
- Clinical Prevention Services, BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Prevention, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Mullen CJR, Volesky KD, Greenwald ZR, El-Zein M, Franco EL. Is Hodgkin Lymphoma Associated with Hepatitis B and C Viruses? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:2167-2175. [PMID: 34548328 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the etiology of the hematologic malignancy Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is not well defined. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with some lymphoproliferative diseases with similarities to HL. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, by searching Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases on March 9, 2021, for studies reporting a measure of association for HBV and HL or HCV and HL. We calculated pooled relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Pooling nine HBV studies with 1,762 HL cases yielded an RR of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.00-1.94) and pooling 15 HCV studies with 4,837 HL cases resulted in an RR of 1.09 (95% CI, 0.88-1.35). Meta-analyzing by study design, hepatitis detection method, and region revealed two subgroups with statistically significant associations-HCV studies that used hospital-based controls and/or were conducted in the West Pacific. No included study assessed age or EBV tumor status in relation to HL. CONCLUSIONS Although we did not find an association between HBV or HCV and HL, research assessing the impact of age and EBV tumor status was lacking. IMPACT The effect of HBV or HCV infection in the development of HL remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum J R Mullen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Karena D Volesky
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zoë R Greenwald
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Silveira KC, Kanazawa TY, Silveira C, Lacarrubba-Flores MDJ, Carvalho BS, Cavalcanti DP. Molecular diagnosis in a cohort of 114 patients with rare skeletal dysplasias. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2021; 187:396-408. [PMID: 34529350 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnosis is important to provide accurate genetic counseling of skeletal dysplasias (SD). Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are currently the preferred methods for analyzing these conditions, some of the published results have not shown a detection rate as high as it would be expected. The present study aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of targeted NGS combined with Sanger sequencing (SS) for low-coverage exons of genes of interest and exome sequencing (ES) in a series of patients with rare SD and use two patients as an example of our strategy. This study used two different in-house panels. Of 93 variants found in 88/114 (77%) patients, 57 are novel. The pathogenic variants found in the following genes: B3GALT6, PCYT1A, INPPL1, LIFR, of four patients were only detected by SS. In conclusion, the high diagnostic yield reached in the present study can be attributed to both a good selection of patients and the utilization of the SS for the insufficiently covered regions. Additionally, the two case reports-a patient with acrodysostosis related to PRKAR1A and another with ciliopathy associated with KIAA0753, add new and relevant clinical information to the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina C Silveira
- Skeletal Dysplasias Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thatiane Y Kanazawa
- Skeletal Dysplasias Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Silveira
- Skeletal Dysplasias Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria D J Lacarrubba-Flores
- Skeletal Dysplasias Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Benilton S Carvalho
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Denise P Cavalcanti
- Skeletal Dysplasias Group, Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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12
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The association between hepatitis C virus infection and renal cell cancer, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10833. [PMID: 34035396 PMCID: PMC8149817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To update the current evidence on whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a possible risk factor for renal cell cancer (RCC), prostate cancer (PCa), and bladder cancer (BC). We searched the literature on Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embases before April 2021. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Finally, we extracted 12 studies based on the eligible criteria. Across 11 studies for HCV and RCC, the incorporated RR was 1.28 (95% CI 1.05–1.55), which meant that participants with HCV infection were associated with higher RCC risk. The pooled RR in hazard ratio (HR) subgroup (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.22–2.08), cohort studies subgroup (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.18–1.82), and North America subgroup (RR 1.71, 95% CI 1.40–2.09) detected a stronger association between HCV and RCC risk. Although an inverse association was seen for PCa (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.54–1.03) across seven studies, it was not statistically significant (P = 0.075). There was no significant association between HCV and BC with an incorporated RR of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82–1.03) across five studies. Our study demonstrated that HCV infection was significantly associated with increased RCC risk. There appeared to be an inverse association for HCV in PCa risk but not statistically significant. No significant association was found between HCV and BC risk. Prospective, large-scale, and well-designed cohort studies are required to validate the association between HCV and RCC, and to investigate the role of HCV on PCa.
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13
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Hussein O, El-Ghitany EM, Omran M, Matariek G, Elbadaly EA, Hamdy R, Gamal A, Zayed MM, Nasr A, Hamdy O, Elbasiony M, Abdelwahab K. High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Antibody in Breast Cancer Patients in Egypt. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 15:11782234211002499. [PMID: 33814915 PMCID: PMC7995286 DOI: 10.1177/11782234211002499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Several epidemiological studies have pointed out to an association of HCV infection with other extrahepatic malignancies. The role of chronic HCV in breast cancer causation is less clear. Egypt is an endemic area of HCV infection with resulting significant morbidity. The association between HCV status and breast cancer risk in Egyptian women is hitherto unknown. Methods: A retrospective study was performed. The prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity was estimated in a sample of women with a breast cancer diagnosis, retrieved from the hospital records, and was compared to the raw data of a population study in Egypt. Anti-HCV negative and positive patients were compared regarding the disease course and outcome. Results: Retrospective analysis revealed a markedly high prevalence of anti-HCV seropositivity in young breast cancer patients. In patients younger than 45 years, 13.4% were anti-HCV positive. Seropositivity was 6-fold higher in these patients than in adult females of the same age without cancer diagnosis (P = .003). The biological type, tumor size, nodal status, and disease-free survival were not affected by the patients’ HCV status. Conclusion: Young Egyptian breast cancer patients have a dramatically high prevalence of HCV seropositivity. Further population studies are strongly required to investigate the epidemiological association of these two significant health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Hussein
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mawadda Omran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rana Hamdy
- Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amira Gamal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Nasr
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Omar Hamdy
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbasiony
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelwahab
- Oncology Center and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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14
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Wu D, Hu S, Chen G, Chen L, Liu J, Chen W, Lv Y, Chen X, Lin S, Wu F. Association of hepatitis C infection and risk of kidney cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Viral Hepat 2021; 28:226-235. [PMID: 33141502 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although some epidemiological studies have investigated the association between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the development of kidney cancer, the results are far from consistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to determine the association. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane database were searched from 1 January 1975 to 7 January 2020. Study selection, data extraction and bias assessment (using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale) were performed independently by 2 authors. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. In all, 16 studies (11 cohort studies and 5 case-control studies) involving a total of 391,071 HCV patients and 38,333,839 non-HCV controls were included. The overall analysis showed a 47% higher risk to develop kidney cancer among the patients with HCV infection (pooled OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14-1.91), despite significant heterogeneity (I2 = 87.6%). The multivariable meta-regression showed that study design, age, sample size and HIV co-infection were significant sources of variance, and totally accounted for 82% of the I2 . The risk of KC in HCV patients was further increased in studies without HCV/HBV- and HCV/HIV- co-infection (pooled OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.23-2.24). Multiple sensitivity analyses did not change the significant association. The present meta-analysis indicated that HCV-infected patients have a significantly higher risk of developing kidney cancer. Our results highlighted the rationale for improved renal surveillance in HCV patients for the early diagnosis of kidney cancer. Further investigations for the mechanisms underlying HCV-induced kidney cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozi Chen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longjiao Chen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youwen Lv
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoni Chen
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fenfang Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Pozzato G, Mazzaro C, Gattei V. Hepatitis C virus-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas: the endless history. Minerva Med 2020; 112:215-227. [PMID: 33263375 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07184-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a global population problem due to its high prevalence worldwide. In the prognosis of patients with HCV not only hepatic but increasingly frequent of extrahepatic HCV manifestations, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), are important. The role of the HCV virus in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative diseases is confirmed by a large number of epidemiological studies, as well as by the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The purpose of the review was to provide an overview of epidemiological and biological data explaining the role of HCV in the development of NHL. The review also discusses HCV-associated NHL treatment by the traditional antiviral therapy (interferon and ribavirin) and by the new direct antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pozzato
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy -
| | - Cesare Mazzaro
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Valter Gattei
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
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16
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Wang H, Wu J, Li G, Yan L. Changes in soil carbon fractions and enzyme activities under different vegetation types of the northern Loess Plateau. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12211-12223. [PMID: 33209282 PMCID: PMC7663064 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the soil organic carbon components and enzyme activities during long-term natural vegetation restoration is essential for managing the restoration of vegetation. In this study, the variations of soil organic carbon components (i.e., soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidized carbon (EOC), particulate organic carbon (POC)) and enzyme activities (i.e., amylase, catalase, urease, and sucrase) were measured in four vegetation types: control (grasslands, GL), forest (Xanthoceras sorbifolia, XS), and shrublands (Hippophae rhamnoides, HR; Caragana korshinskii, CK). We found that vegetation types significantly affect soil organic carbon components and enzyme activities. The SOC content of the XS plot is higher than HR, CK, and GL by 88.43%, 117.09%, and 37.53% at the 0-20 cm layer; the soil SOC content of the XS plot is higher than HR and CK by 27.04% and 26.87%, and lower than GL 12.90% at the 20-40 cm layer. The highest POC and urease were observed in the XS plot at a depth of 0-20 cm, that is, 1.32 g/kg and 98.51 mg/kg, respectively. The highest EOC, amylase, and sucrase were observed in GL at a depth of 0-20 cm, that is, 5.44 g/kg, 39.23, and 607.62 mg/g. On the vertical section of the soil, the SOC fractions and the enzyme activities were greater in the upper layer than in the lower layer for each vegetation type except for MBC and catalase activity. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the SOC and POC content significantly influenced urease and sucrase activities and that MBC significantly influenced catalase activity. These results provide important information about SOC fractions and enzyme activities resulting from vegetation types in the Loess Plateau and also supplement our understanding of soil C sequestration in vegetation restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jiangqi Wu
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Guang Li
- College of ForestryGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Lijuan Yan
- College of AgricultureGansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhouChina
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17
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Hepatitis C virus infection and risk of pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 65:101691. [PMID: 32088651 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence has suggested an association between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and risk of pancreatic cancer (PAC). Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis of available evidence to explore this association. METHODS We systematically retrieved studies that investigated the association between HCV infection and risk of PAC. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) of PAC for patients with HCV infection was calculated using the fixed- or random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 16 studies (8 cohort and 8 case-control) were included in this meta-analysis. Combined, patients with HCV infection were more likely to develop PAC than people without it (pooled OR = 1.51, 95 % CI: 1.31, 1.74; I2 = 63.49 %, p-value for heterogeneity< 0.001). Studies that adjusted their results for diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, alcohol intake, and smoking showed lower ORs than studies that did not adjust for them. CONCLUSION HCV infection was associated with increased risk of PAC, but this association was attenuated among studies that adjusted their results for potential risk factors for PAC. Future prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm this association.
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