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Freitas R, Ferreira E, Miranda A, Ferreira D, Relvas-Santos M, Castro F, Santos B, Gonçalves M, Quintas S, Peixoto A, Palmeira C, Silva AMN, Santos LL, Oliveira MJ, Sarmento B, Ferreira JA. Targeted and Self-Adjuvated Nanoglycovaccine Candidate for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10088-10103. [PMID: 38535625 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Advanced-stage solid primary tumors and metastases often express mucin 16 (MUC16), carrying immature glycans such as the Tn antigen, resulting in specific glycoproteoforms not found in healthy human tissues. This presents a valuable approach for designing targeted therapeutics, including cancer glycovaccines, which could potentially promote antigen recognition and foster the immune response to control disease spread and prevent relapse. In this study, we describe an adjuvant-free poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoglycoantigen delivery approach that outperforms conventional methods by eliminating the need for protein carriers while exhibiting targeted and adjuvant properties. To achieve this, we synthesized a library of MUC16-Tn glycoepitopes through single-pot enzymatic glycosylation, which were then stably engrafted onto the surface of PLGA nanoparticles, generating multivalent constructs that better represent cancer molecular heterogeneity. These glycoconstructs demonstrated affinity for Macrophage Galactose-type Lectin (MGL) receptor, known to be highly expressed by immature antigen-presenting cells, enabling precise targeting of immune cells. Moreover, the glycopeptide-grafted nanovaccine candidate displayed minimal cytotoxicity and induced the activation of dendritic cells in vitro, even in the absence of an adjuvant. In vivo, the formulated nanovaccine candidate was also nontoxic and elicited the production of IgG specifically targeting MUC16 and MUC16-Tn glycoproteoforms in cancer cells and tumors, offering potential for precise cancer targeting, including targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Freitas
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Miranda
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Relvas-Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Castro
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Gonçalves
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Quintas
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Immunology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - André M N Silva
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IUCS-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal
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Freitas R, Miranda A, Ferreira D, Relvas-Santos M, Castro F, Ferreira E, Gaiteiro C, Soares J, Cotton S, Gonçalves M, Eiras M, Santos B, Palmeira C, Correia MP, Oliveira MJ, Sarmento B, Peixoto A, Santos LL, Silva AMN, Ferreira JA. A multivalent CD44 glycoconjugate vaccine candidate for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2024; 367:540-556. [PMID: 38301927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer presents a high mortality rate due to ineffective treatments and tumour relapse with progression. Cancer vaccines hold tremendous potential due to their capability to eradicate tumour and prevent relapse. In this study, we present a novel glycovaccine for precise targeting and immunotherapy of aggressive solid tumours that overexpress CD44 standard isoform (CD44s) carrying immature Tn and sialyl-Tn (sTn) O-glycans. We describe an enzymatic method and an enrichment strategy to generate libraries of well-characterized cancer-specific CD44s-Tn and/or sTn glycoproteoforms, which mimic the heterogeneity found in tumours. We conjugated CD44-Tn-derived glycopeptides with carrier proteins making them more immunogenic, with further demonstration of the importance of this conjugation to overcome the glycopeptides' intrinsic toxicity. We have optimized the glycopeptide-protein maleimide-thiol conjugation chemistry to avoid undesirable cross-linking between carrier proteins and CD44s glycopeptides. The resulting glycovaccines candidates were well-tolerated in vivo, inducing both humoral and cellular immunity, including immunological memory. The generated antibodies exhibited specific reactivity against synthetic CD44s-Tn glycopeptides, CD44s-Tn glycoengineered cells, and human tumours. In summary, we present a promising prototype of a cancer glycovaccine for future therapeutical pre-clinical efficacy validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Freitas
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Miranda
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dylan Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Relvas-Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Castro
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Gaiteiro
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Janine Soares
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cotton
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Martina Gonçalves
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Eiras
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Palmeira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Immunology Department, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margareta P Correia
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal / INEB - Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Peixoto
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Health School of University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal; Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - André M N Silva
- ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE-LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal
| | - José Alexandre Ferreira
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO-Porto (CI-IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; GlycoMatters Biotech, 4500-162 Espinho, Portugal.
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Chang SH, Chang YM, Chen HY, Shaw FZ, Shyu BC. Time-course analysis of frontal gene expression profiles in the rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder and a comparison with the conditioned fear model. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100569. [PMID: 37771408 PMCID: PMC10522909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex disorder that involves physiological, emotional, and cognitive dysregulation that may occur after exposure to a life-threatening event. In contrast with the condition of learned fear with resilience to extinction, abnormal fear with impaired fear extinction and exaggeration are considered crucial factors for the pathological development of PTSD. The prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is considered a critical region of top-down control in fear regulation, which involves the modulation of fear expression and extinction. The pathological course of PTSD is usually chronic and persistent; a number of studies have indicated temporal progression in gene expression and phenotypes may be involved in PTSD pathology. In the current study, we use a well-established modified single-prolonged stress (SPS&FS) rat model to feature PTSD-like phenotypes and compared it with a footshock fear conditioning model (FS model); we collected the frontal tissue after extreme stress exposure or fear conditioning and extracted RNA for transcriptome-level gene sequencing. We compared the genetic profiling of the mPFC at early (<2 h after solely FS or SPS&FS exposure) and late (7 days after solely FS or SPS&FS exposure) stages in these two models. First, we identified temporal differences in the expressional patterns between these two models and found pathways such as protein synthesis factor eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2), transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress response, and acute phase responding signaling enriched in the early stage in both models with significant p-values. Furthermore, in the late stage, the sirtuin signaling pathway was enriched in both models; other pathways such as STAT3, cAMP, lipid metabolism, Gα signaling, and increased fear were especially enriched in the late stage of the SPS&FS model. However, pathways such as VDR/RXR, GP6, and PPAR signaling were activated significantly in the FS model's late stage. Last, the network analysis revealed the temporal dynamics of psychological disorder, the endocrine system, and also genes related to increased fear in the two models. This study could help elucidate the genetic temporal alteration and stage-specific pathways in these two models, as well as a better understanding of the transcriptome-level differences between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Han Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Inflammation Core Facility, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Inflammation Core Facility, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Chuang Shyu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Michurina S, Stafeev I, Boldyreva M, Truong VA, Ratner E, Menshikov M, Hu YC, Parfyonova Y. Transplantation of Adipose-Tissue-Engineered Constructs with CRISPR-Mediated UCP1 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043844. [PMID: 36835254 PMCID: PMC9959691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes have potential utility for the development of approaches to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity-associated diseases. Although several reports have proved the positive effect of beige and brown adipocyte transplantation in obese mice, translation to human cell therapy needs improvement. Here, we describe the application of CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) technology for generating safe and efficient adipose-tissue-engineered constructs with enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. We designed the CRISPRa system for the activation of UCP1 gene expression. CRISPRa-UCP1 was delivered into mature adipocytes by a baculovirus vector. Modified adipocytes were transplanted in C57BL/6 mice, followed by analysis of grafts, inflammation and systemic glucose metabolism. Staining of grafts on day 8 after transplantation shows them to contain UCP1-positive adipocytes. Following transplantation, adipocytes remain in grafts and exhibit expression of PGC1α transcription factor and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). Transplantation of CRISPRa-UCP1-modified adipocytes does not influence glucose metabolism or inflammation in recipient mice. We show the utility and safety of baculovirus vectors for CRISPRa-based thermogenic gene activation. Our findings suggest a means of improving existing cell therapy approaches using baculovirus vectors and CRISPRa for modification and transplantation of non-immunogenic adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Michurina
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E. I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Iurii Stafeev
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E. I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (I.S.)
| | - Maria Boldyreva
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E. I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Cell and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vu Anh Truong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Elizaveta Ratner
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E. I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Menshikov
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E. I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Yelena Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Centre of Cardiology Named after Academician E. I. Chazov, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Bourrie BCT, Forgie AJ, Ju T, Richard C, Cotter PD, Willing BP. Consumption of the cell-free or heat-treated fractions of a pitched kefir confers some but not all positive impacts of the corresponding whole kefir. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1056526. [PMID: 36504827 PMCID: PMC9730713 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1056526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Kefir consumption can have many metabolic health benefits, including, in the case of specific kefirs, improvements in plasma and liver lipid profiles. Our group has previously shown that these health benefits are dependent on the microbial composition of the kefir fermentation, and that a pitched kefir (PK1) containing specific traditional microbes can recapitulate the health benefits of a traditional kefir. In this study we investigated how different preparations of kefir impact cholesterol and lipid metabolism and circulating markers of cardiovascular disease risk and determine if freeze-drying impacts health benefits relative to past studies. Materials and methods Eight-week-old male and female C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high fat diet (40% kcal from fat) supplemented with one of 3 freeze-dried kefir preparations (whole kefir, cell-free kefir, or heat-treated kefir) for 8 weeks prior to analysis of plasma and liver lipid profiles, circulating cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers, cecal microbiome composition, and cecal short-chain fatty acid levels. These groups of mice were compared to others that were fed a control low-fat diet, control high fat diet or high fat diet supplemented with milk, respectively. Results All kefir preparations lowered plasma cholesterol in both male and female mice, while only whole kefir lowered liver cholesterol and triglycerides. Plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was lowered by both whole kefir and heat-treated kefir in male mice but not females, while c-reactive protein (CRP) was unchanged across all high fat diet fed groups in males and females. Conclusion These results indicate that some of the metabolic benefits of consumption of this kefir do not require whole kefir while also indicating that there are multiple compounds or components responsible for the different benefits observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C. T. Bourrie
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Forgie
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tingting Ju
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland,APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland,VistaMilk, Cork, Ireland
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Benjamin P. Willing,
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Ngwa DN, Pathak A, Agrawal A. IL-6 regulates induction of C-reactive protein gene expression by activating STAT3 isoforms. Mol Immunol 2022; 146:50-56. [PMID: 35430542 PMCID: PMC9811655 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is synthesized in hepatocytes. The serum concentration of CRP increases dramatically during the acute phase response. In human hepatoma Hep3B cells, maximal CRP expression occurs in cells treated with the combination of IL-6 and IL-1β. IL-6 induces transcription of the CRP gene and IL-1β synergistically enhances the effects of IL-6. We investigated the role of IL-6-activated transcription factor STAT3, also known as STAT3α, in inducing CRP expression since we identified four consensus STAT3-binding sites centered at positions - 72, - 108, - 134 and - 164 on the CRP promoter. It has been shown previously that STAT3 binds to the site at - 108 and induces CRP expression. We found that STAT3 also bound to the other three sites, and several STAT3-containing complexes were formed at each site, suggesting the presence of STAT3 isoforms and additional transcription factors in the complexes. Mutation of the STAT3 sites at - 108, - 134 or - 164 resulted in decreased CRP expression in response to IL-6 and IL-1β treatment, although the synergy between IL-6 and IL-1β was not affected by the mutations. The STAT3 site at - 72 could not be investigated employing mutagenesis. We also found that IL-6 activated two isoforms of STAT3 in Hep3B cells: STAT3α which contains both a DNA-binding domain and a transactivation domain and STAT3β which contains only the DNA-binding domain. Taken together, these findings raise the possibility that IL-6 not only induces CRP expression but also regulates the induction of CRP expression by activating STAT3 isoforms and by utilizing all four STAT3 sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald N Ngwa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Asmita Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Alok Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Li Y, Li Z, Zhao Y, Chen X. Potentiation of Recombinant NP and M1-Induced Cellular Immune Responses and Protection by Physical Radiofrequency Adjuvant. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1382. [PMID: 34960128 PMCID: PMC8706500 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein 1 (M1) are highly conserved among influenza A viruses and have been attractive targets to develop vaccines to elicit cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Yet, external antigens are often presented on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and elicit humoral immune responses. In this study, we present a physical radiofrequency adjuvant (RFA) to assist recombinant NP and M1 to elicit potent CTL responses. We found recombinant NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA could elicit potent anti-NP CTLs and confer significant protection against homologous viral challenges, while NP/M1 immunization alone failed to elicit significant CTL responses or confer significant protection. Interestingly, RFA failed to elicit potent anti-M1 CTL responses or anti-NP or anti-M1 antibody responses. Different from RFA, AddaVax adjuvant was found to significantly increase NP-specific antibody responses but not CTLs. NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA or AddaVax similarly reduced body weight loss, while only the former significantly increased the survival. We further found NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA did not significantly increase serum IL-6 release (a systemic inflammatory mediator) and rather reduced serum IL-6 release after boost immunization. NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA did not induce significant local reactions or increase body temperature of mice. The high potency and safety strongly support further development of RFA-based recombinant NP/M1 vaccine to elicit cross-protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinyuan Chen
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; (Y.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
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Effect of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Excessive Calorie Intake on Diet-Induced Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation Biomarkers in Murine Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093091. [PMID: 34578967 PMCID: PMC8468789 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation (CLGI) is a non-overt inflammatory state characterized by a continuous activation of inflammation mediators associated with metabolic diseases. It has been linked to the overconsumption of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs), and/or macronutrients which lead to an increase in local and systemic pro-inflammatory biomarkers in humans and animal models. This review provides a summary of research into biomarkers of diet-induced CLGI in murine models, with a focus on AGEs and obesogenic diets, and presents the physiological effects described in the literature. Diet-induced CLGI is associated with metabolic endotoxemia, and/or gut microbiota remodeling in rodents. The mechanisms identified so far are centered on pro-inflammatory axes such as the interaction between AGEs and their main receptor AGEs (RAGE) or increased levels of lipopolysaccharide. The use of murine models has helped to elucidate the local and systemic expression of CLGI mediators. These models have enabled significant advances in identification of diet-induced CLGI biomarkers and resultant physiological effects. Some limitations on the translational (murine → humans) use of biomarkers may arise, but murine models have greatly facilitated the testing of specific dietary components. However, there remains a lack of information at the whole-organism level of organization, as well as a lack of consensus on the best biomarker for use in CLGI studies and recommendations as to future research conclude this review.
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