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Biruete A, Shin A, Kistler BM, Moe SM. Feeling gutted in chronic kidney disease (CKD): Gastrointestinal disorders and therapies to improve gastrointestinal health in individuals CKD, including those undergoing dialysis. Semin Dial 2024; 37:334-349. [PMID: 34708456 PMCID: PMC9043041 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 9.1% of the population worldwide. CKD may lead to structural and functional gastrointestinal alterations, including impairment in the intestinal barrier, digestion and absorption of nutrients, motility, and changes to the gut microbiome. These changes can lead to increased gastrointestinal symptoms in people with CKD, even in early grades of kidney dysfunction. Gastrointestinal symptoms have been associated with lower quality of life and reduced nutritional status. Therefore, there has been considerable interest in improving gastrointestinal health in this clinical population. Gastrointestinal health can be influenced by lifestyle and medications, particularly in advanced grades of kidney dysfunction. Therapies focused on gastrointestinal health have been studied, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, yielding limited and conflicting results. This review summarizes the alterations in the gastrointestinal tract structure and function and provides an overview of potential nutritional interventions that kidney disease professionals can provide to improve gastrointestinal health in individuals with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Biruete
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brandon M. Kistler
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, USA
| | - Sharon M. Moe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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2
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Nagatomo R, Ichikawa A, Kaneko H, Inoue K. Comparison of 3-nitrophenylhydrazine, O-benzyl hydroxylamine, and 2-picolylamine derivatizations for analysis of short-chain fatty acids through liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:843-851. [PMID: 38112959 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites derived from gut microbiota and implicated in host homeostasis. Hence, the profiling SCFAs from biological samples plays an important role in revealing the interaction between gut microbiota and pathogens. Previous studies, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with various derivatization strategies have been performed to obtain the SCFA profiles from biological samples. However, it is poor evidence to compare these derivatization regents and conditions. Thus, we present the evaluation of three major derivatization reagents, namely 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH), O-benzylhydroxylamine (O-BHA), and 2-picolylamine (2-PA), for the analysis of eight SCFAs classified as C2-C5 isomers using LC-MS/MS. First, in a reversed-phase LC separation, 3-NPH showed good retention capacity. Although O-BHA derivatization showed higher sensitivity and good retention capacity than 2-PA, only 2-PA derivatization could successfully separate eight SCFAs. The matrix effects in human serum ranged 77.1-99.0% (RSD ≤ 3.4%, n = 6) for 3-NPH derivatives, 91.0-94.6% (RSD ≤ 5.4%, n = 6) for O-BHA derivatives, 81.6-99.5% (RSD ≤ 8.0%, n = 6) for 2-PA derivatives. These compared results showed each characteristic of 3-NPH, O-BHA, and 2-PA for SCFA derivatization based on LC-MS/MS approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nagatomo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Aoi Ichikawa
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Haruki Kaneko
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
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3
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Lin W, Gerullat L, Braadland PR, Fournier A, Hov JR, Globisch D. Rapid and Bifunctional Chemoselective Metabolome Analysis of Liver Disease Plasma Using the Reagent 4-Nitrophenyl-2H-azirine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318579. [PMID: 38235602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bile ducts that has been associated with diverse metabolic carboxylic acids. Mass spectrometric techniques are the method of choice for their analysis. However, the broad investigation of this metabolite class remains challenging. Derivatization of carboxylic acids represents a strategy to overcome these limitations but available methods suffer from diverse analytical challenges. Herein, we have designed a novel strategy introducing 4-nitrophenyl-2H-azirine as a new chemoselective moiety for the first time for carboxylic acid metabolites. This moiety was selected as it rapidly forms a stable amide bond and also generates a new ketone, which can be analyzed by our recently developed quant-SCHEMA method specific for carbonyl metabolites. Optimization of this new method revealed a high reproducibility and robustness, which was utilized to validate 102 metabolic carboxylic acids using authentic synthetic standard conjugates in human plasma samples including nine metabolites that were newly detected. Using this sequential analysis of the carbonyl- and carboxylic acid-metabolomes revealed alterations of the ketogenesis pathway, which demonstrates the vast benefit of our unique methodology. We anticipate that the developed azirine moiety with rapid functional group transformation will find broad application in diverse chemical biology research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry-, BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Gerullat
- Department of Chemistry-, BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peder R Braadland
- Norwegian PSC Research Center at Department of Transplantation Medicine, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anaïs Fournier
- Department of Chemistry-, BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center at Department of Transplantation Medicine, Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Chemistry-, BMC, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Jia PP, Li Y, Zhang LC, Wu MF, Li TY, Pei DS. Metabolome evidence of CKDu risks after chronic exposure to simulated Sri Lanka drinking water in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116149. [PMID: 38412632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
It is still a serious public health issue that chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka poses challenges in identification, prevention, and treatment. What environmental factors in drinking water cause kidney damage remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risks of various environmental factors that may induce CKDu, including water hardness, fluoride (HF), heavy metals (HM), microcystin-LR (MC-LR), and their combined exposure (HFMM). The research focused on comprehensive metabolome analysis, and correlation with transcriptomic and gut microbiota changes. Results revealed that chronic exposure led to kidney damage and pancreatic toxicity in adult zebrafish. Metabolomics profiling showed significant alterations in biochemical processes, with enriched metabolic pathways of oxidative phosphorylation, folate biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, FoxO signaling pathway, lysosome, pyruvate metabolism, and purine metabolism. The network analysis revealed significant changes in metabolites associated with renal function and diseases, including 20-Hydroxy-LTE4, PS(18:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), Neuromedin N, 20-Oxo-Leukotriene E4, and phenol sulfate, which are involved in the fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids class. These metabolites were closely associated with the disrupted gut bacteria of g_ZOR0006, g_Pseudomonas, g_Tsukamurella, g_Cetobacterium, g_Flavobacterium, which belonged to dominant phyla of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, etc., and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as egln3, ca2, jun, slc2a1b, and gls2b in zebrafish. Exploratory omics analyses revealed the shared significantly changed pathways in transcriptome and metabolome like calcium signaling and necroptosis, suggesting potential biomarkers for assessing kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan-Chen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ming-Fei Wu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tian-Yun Li
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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5
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Cui J, Zhang J, Sun S, Fan W, Xi H, Xu X, Ji L, Zhang S, Wang D, Zhao W. Rapid and sensitive determination of free fatty acids based on in-source microdroplet-driven derivatization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341717. [PMID: 37709460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive measurements of free fatty acids (FFAs) in biological samples are valuable for diagnosing and prognosing diseases. In this study, an in-source microdroplet derivation strategy combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed to analyze FFAs in lipid extracts of biological samples directly. FFAs were rapidly derivated with 2-picolylamine (PA) in the microdroplet which is derived by electrospray. With the proposed method, twelve typical FFAs were determined reliably with high sensitivity and acceptable linearities (R2 ≥ 0.94). The LODs and LOQs for the twelve FFAs were 9-76 pg mL-1 and 30-253 pg mL-1, respectively. The developed method was applied to analyze the alteration of FFAs in liver and kidney samples of rats induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure. The good results demonstrate that the established analysis technique is dependable and has promising applications in detecting FFAs associated with complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cui
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianxun Zhang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wu Fan
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hui Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiujuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dingzhong Wang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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6
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Rahimi S, Angaji SA, Majd A, Hatami B, Baghaei K. Evaluating the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the progression of NASH disease by inhibiting ceramide synthesis and ER stress-related pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 942:175536. [PMID: 36693552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with intrahepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and hepatocyte death. Several studies have indicated that high-fat diets increase ceramide synthases-6 (CerS-6) expression and a concomitant elevation of C16-ceramides, which can modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and further contribute to the progression of NASH. Ceramide levels have reportedly been impacted by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in various diseases. This study looked into the role of bFGF on CerS6/C16-ceramide and ER stress-related pathways in a mouse model of NASH. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a western diet (WD) combined with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for eight weeks. Next, bFGF was injected into the NASH mice for seven days of continuous treatment. The effects of bFGF on NASH endpoints (including steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis), ceramide levels and ER-stress-induced inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis were evaluated. Treatment with bFGF significantly reduced CerS-6/C16-ceramide. Further, the inflammatory condition was alleviated with reduction of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression. ROS level was also reduced. ER stress-related cell death diminished by reducing C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA expression and caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, activation of the hepatic stellate cells was inhibited in the bFGF-treated mice by lowering the amount of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) at the mRNA and protein level. According to our findings, CerS-6/C16-ceramide alteration impacts ER stress-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The bFGF treatment effectively attenuated the development of NASH by downregulating CerS-6/C16-ceramide and subsequent ER stress-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Rahimi
- Department of Genetic, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Genetic, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 1571914911, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran.
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7
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Tong M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Xing L, Bi K, Li Q. A convenient and efficient 4-(diethylamino)-butylamine-labeled polarity-response-homodispersed strategy for absolute quantification of carboxyl submetabolome: Monitoring the whole progressive course of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1683:463504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Cao C, Zhu H, Yao Y, Zeng R. Gut Dysbiosis and Kidney Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:829349. [PMID: 35308555 PMCID: PMC8927813 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.829349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis is defined as disorders of gut microbiota and loss of barrier integrity, which are ubiquitous on pathological conditions and associated with the development of various diseases. Kidney diseases are accompanied with gut dysbiosis and metabolic disorders, which in turn contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of kidney diseases. Microbial alterations trigger production of harmful metabolites such as uremic toxins and a decrease in the number of beneficial ones such as SCFAs, which is the major mechanism of gut dysbiosis on kidney diseases according to current studies. In addition, the activation of immune responses and mitochondrial dysfunction by gut dysbiosis, also lead to the development of kidney diseases. Based on the molecular mechanisms, modification of gut dysbiosis via probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics is a potential approach to slow kidney disease progression. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and genetic manipulation of the gut microbiota are also promising choices. However, the clinical use of probiotics in kidney disease is not supported by the current clinical evidence. Further studies are necessary to explore the causal relationships of gut dysbiosis and kidney diseases, the efficiency and safety of therapeutic strategies targeting gut-kidney axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujin Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Division of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Lohia S, Vlahou A, Zoidakis J. Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): An Omics Perspective. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030176. [PMID: 35324673 PMCID: PMC8951538 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is predominant in 10% of the world’s adult population, and is increasingly considered a silent epidemic. Gut microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining host energy homeostasis and gut epithelial integrity. Alterations in gut microbiota composition, functions and, specifically, production of metabolites causing uremic toxicity are often associated with CKD onset and progression. Here, we present the latest omics (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) studies that explore the connection between CKD and gut microbiome. A review of the available literature using PubMed was performed using the keywords “microb*”, “kidney”, “proteom”, “metabolom” and “transcript” for the last 10 years, yielding a total of 155 publications. Following selection of the relevant studies (focusing on microbiome in CKD), a predominance of metabolomics (n = 12) over transcriptomics (n = 1) and proteomics (n = 6) analyses was observed. A consensus arises supporting the idea that the uremic toxins produced in the gut cause oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the kidney leading to CKD. Collectively, findings include an observed enrichment of Eggerthella lenta, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium spp., and a depletion in Bacteroides eggerthii, Roseburia faecis and Prevotella spp. occurring in CKD models. Bacterial species involved in butyrate production, indole synthesis and mucin degradation were also related to CKD. Consequently, strong links between CKD and gut microbial dysbiosis suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent CKD progression and portray the gut as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnal Lohia
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.V.)
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.V.)
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.L.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Krämer J, Kang R, Grimm LM, De Cola L, Picchetti P, Biedermann F. Molecular Probes, Chemosensors, and Nanosensors for Optical Detection of Biorelevant Molecules and Ions in Aqueous Media and Biofluids. Chem Rev 2022; 122:3459-3636. [PMID: 34995461 PMCID: PMC8832467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors used in combination with innovative assay protocols hold great potential for the development of robust, low-cost, and fast-responding sensors that are applicable in biofluids (urine, blood, and saliva). Particularly, the development of sensors for metabolites, neurotransmitters, drugs, and inorganic ions is highly desirable due to a lack of suitable biosensors. In addition, the monitoring and analysis of metabolic and signaling networks in cells and organisms by optical probes and chemosensors is becoming increasingly important in molecular biology and medicine. Thus, new perspectives for personalized diagnostics, theranostics, and biochemical/medical research will be unlocked when standing limitations of artificial binders and receptors are overcome. In this review, we survey synthetic sensing systems that have promising (future) application potential for the detection of small molecules, cations, and anions in aqueous media and biofluids. Special attention was given to sensing systems that provide a readily measurable optical signal through dynamic covalent chemistry, supramolecular host-guest interactions, or nanoparticles featuring plasmonic effects. This review shall also enable the reader to evaluate the current performance of molecular probes, chemosensors, and nanosensors in terms of sensitivity and selectivity with respect to practical requirement, and thereby inspiring new ideas for the development of further advanced systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Krämer
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Rui Kang
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Laura M. Grimm
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Luisa De Cola
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Dipartimento
DISFARM, University of Milano, via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- P.P.: email,
| | - Frank Biedermann
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- F.B.: email,
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11
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Wehedy E, Shatat IF, Al Khodor S. The Human Microbiome in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Double-Edged Sword. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:790783. [PMID: 35111779 PMCID: PMC8801809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Current treatments for CKD include therapeutics to target factors that contribute to CKD progression, including renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors, and drugs to control blood pressure and proteinuria control. Recently, associations between chronic disease processes and the human microbiota and its metabolites have been demonstrated. Dysbiosis—a change in the microbial diversity—has been observed in patients with CKD. The relationship between CKD and dysbiosis is bidirectional; gut-derived metabolites and toxins affect the progression of CKD, and the uremic milieu affects the microbiota. The accumulation of microbial metabolites and toxins is linked to the loss of kidney functions and increased mortality risk, yet renoprotective metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and bile acids help restore kidney functions and increase the survival rate in CKD patients. Specific dietary interventions to alter the gut microbiome could improve clinical outcomes in patients with CKD. Low-protein and high-fiber diets increase the abundance of bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory bacteria. Fluctuations in the urinary microbiome are linked to increased susceptibility to infection and antibiotic resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of the gut, urinary and blood microbiome in CKD pathophysiology and assess the feasibility of modulating the gut microbiota as a therapeutic tool for treating CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Wehedy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Souhaila Al Khodor
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Souhaila Al Khodor
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12
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Role of the microbiota in hypertension and antihypertensive drug metabolism. Hypertens Res 2021; 45:246-253. [PMID: 34887530 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of hypertension. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, was shown to be associated with hypertension in both animal models and humans. In this review, we provide insights into host-microbiota interactions and summarize the evidence supporting the importance of the microbiota in blood pressure (BP) regulation. Metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), modulate BP and vascular responses. Harmful gut-derived metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and several uremic toxins, exert proatherosclerotic, prothrombotic, and proinflammatory effects. High-salt intake alters the composition of the microbiota, and this microbial alteration contributes to the pathogenesis of salt-sensitive hypertension. In addition, the microbiota may impact the metabolism of drugs and steroid hormones in the host. The drug-metabolizing activities of the microbiota affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of antihypertensive drugs and contribute to the pathogenesis of licorice-induced pseudohyperaldosteronism. Furthermore, the oral microbiota plays a role in BP regulation by producing nitric oxide, which lowers BP via its vasodilatory effects. Thus, antihypertensive intervention strategies targeting the microbiota, such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics (e.g., SCFAs), are considered new therapeutic options for the treatment of hypertension.
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Pathmasiri KC, Nguyen TTA, Khamidova N, Cologna SM. Mass spectrometry-based lipid analysis and imaging. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 88:315-357. [PMID: 34862030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for in situ mapping of analytes across a sample. With growing interest in lipid biochemistry, the ability to perform such mapping without antibodies has opened many opportunities for MSI and lipid analysis. Herein, we discuss the basics of MSI with particular emphasis on MALDI mass spectrometry and lipid analysis. A discussion of critical advancements as well as protocol details are provided to the reader. In addition, strategies for improving the detection of lipids, as well as applications in biomedical research, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koralege C Pathmasiri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thu T A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nigina Khamidova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Laboratory of Integrated Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Muguruma Y, Nagatomo R, Kamatsuki S, Miyabe K, Asano G, Akatsu H, Inoue K. Experimental design of a stable isotope labeling derivatized UHPLC-MS/MS method for the detection/quantification of primary/secondary bile acids in biofluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114485. [PMID: 34856492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An efficient analytical platform is required to characterize the human metabolome in pathology. For this purpose, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) combined with chemical derivatization stands out as one of the most powerful techniques. A targeted metabolomics platform for 11 bile acids (BAs) profiling in human serum and bile samples using a stable isotope labeling derivatization (SILD) was applied. For SILD, the design of experiments (DoE) was employed to optimize the reaction conditions such five factors in three levels. The sample preparation built upon a liquid-liquid extraction requiring small volumes (20 μL). In application, the relation between the BA and short-chain fatty acid levels in human serum and bile samples from patients with bile duct diseases were investigated. The proposed method offers significant utility in the large-scale biological analyses of hepato-biliary-pancreatic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Muguruma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nagatomo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Shihori Kamatsuki
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miyabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, 2-9 Myoken-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8650, Japan
| | - Go Asano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Medicine for Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-0001, Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan.
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Zhou L, Yu D, Zheng S, Ouyang R, Wang Y, Xu G. Gut microbiota-related metabolome analysis based on chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Liao HY, Wang CY, Lee CH, Kao HL, Wu WK, Kuo CH. Development of an Efficient and Sensitive Chemical Derivatization-Based LC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Human Plasma and Its Application in Studying Cardiovascular Disease. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3508-3518. [PMID: 34053222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiota has been found to be associated with many diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, depression, Parkinson's disease, cancer, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among various gut microbiota-derived metabolites (GMs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and tryptophan (TRP) metabolites are the most frequently discussed metabolites. LC-MS/MS shows advantages in quantifying the levels of metabolites with good sensitivity and selectivity; however, the poor ionization efficiency and polar characteristics of SCFAs make their analysis challenging, especially when analyzing plasma samples with low SCFA concentrations. Moreover, without characteristic fragment ions for unconjugated BAs and different detection ion modes for TRP metabolites and BAs, GM analysis is complex and time-consuming. To overcome these problems, we developed a derivatization method combined with LC-MS/MS to enhance the sensitivity and LC retention of GMs. Through derivatization with 3-nitrophenylhydrazine (3-NPH), 7 SCFAs, 9 bile acids, and 6 tryptophan metabolites can be simultaneously analyzed via separation within 14 min on a reversed-phase C18 column. For accurate quantification, 13C6-3NPH-labeled standards were used as one-to-one internal standards. This derivatization approach was optimized and then validated. We further applied this method to investigate the targeted GM profile in patients with CVD. The results showed a significant reduction in plasma butyrate levels in CVD patients compared with healthy controls, suggesting its potentially protective role in CVD. In summary, this work provides a sensitive and effective LC-MS/MS method for simultaneously quantifying gut microbiota-related metabolites in human plasma, which could benefit various future gut microbiota-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Liao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hua Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.,The Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
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Ji C, Deng Y, Yang A, Lu Z, Chen Y, Liu X, Han L, Zou C. Rhubarb Enema Improved Colon Mucosal Barrier Injury in 5/6 Nephrectomy Rats May Associate With Gut Microbiota Modification. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1092. [PMID: 32848732 PMCID: PMC7403201 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often accompanied with colon mucosal barrier damage and gut microbiota disturbance, which strongly associate with up-regulated inflammation and kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, few interventions could protect the damaged barrier effectively. Rheum palmatum L or rhubarb is a common herbal medicine which is widely used to protect the colon mucosal barrier. In previous studies, we found that rhubarb intervention may reduce renal inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, via gut microbiota modification. However, whether intestinal barrier function could be improved by rhubarb intervention and the relationship with intestinal flora are still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of rhubarb enema on intestinal barrier, and further analyzed the relationship with gut microbiota in 5/6 nephrectomy rats. Results indicated that rhubarb enema improved the intestinal barrier, regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis, suppressed systemic inflammation, and alleviated renal fibrosis. More specifically, rhubarb enema treatment inhibited the overgrowth of conditional pathogenic gut bacteria, including Akkermansia, Methanosphaera, and Clostridiaceae in CKD. The modification of gut microbiota with rhubarb intervention displayed significant correlation to intestinal barrier markers, TLR4–MyD88–NF-κB inflammatory response, and systemic inflammation. These results revealed that rhubarb enema could restore intestinal barrier by modifying several functional enteric bacteria, which may further explain the renal protection mechanism of the rhubarb enema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Ji
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Deng
- Department of Scientific Research, KMHD, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aicheng Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Jinan University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Qiao Y, Hayashi H, Chong Teo S. Chemical Toolbox to Decode the Microbiota Lexicon. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2117-2128. [PMID: 32558250 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiota deploys a diverse range of molecules and metabolites to engage in chemical communications with the host, mediating fundamental aspects of host health. Studies of the structures and activities of bioactive molecules produced by the microbiota are imperative to address their implications in microbiota associated diseases in human. By drawing experiences from different research fields, chemists and chemical biologists, who are experts in dealing with chemical molecules, are uniquely positioned to contribute to the emerging knowledge of human microbiota. In this minireview, we discuss the current chemical tools and methods that are pertinent to the discovery of microbiota molecules and metabolites, characterizations of their protein targets, as well as evaluations of their biodistributions in hosts. These are key aspects in understanding the chemical underpinnings of the microbiota-host interactions that would enable future development of diagnostics and therapeutics targeting the human microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, CBC 04-22, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hirohito Hayashi
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, CBC 04-22, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Seng Chong Teo
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (SPMS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 21 Nanyang Link, CBC 04-22, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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