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Taha BA, Ahmed NM, Talreja RK, Haider AJ, Al Mashhadany Y, Al-Jubouri Q, Huddin AB, Mokhtar MHH, Rustagi S, Kaushik A, Chaudhary V, Arsad N. Synergizing Nanomaterials and Artificial Intelligence in Advanced Optical Biosensors for Precision Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnosis. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1600-1620. [PMID: 38842483 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global One Health concern, ensuing from unintentional and continuous exposure to antibiotics, as well as challenges in accurate contagion diagnostics. Addressing AMR requires a strategic approach that emphasizes early stage prevention through screening in clinical, environmental, farming, and livestock settings to identify nonvulnerable antimicrobial agents and the associated genes. Conventional AMR diagnostics, like antibiotic susceptibility testing, possess drawbacks, including high costs, time-consuming processes, and significant manpower requirements, underscoring the need for intelligent, prompt, and on-site diagnostic techniques. Nanoenabled artificial intelligence (AI)-supported smart optical biosensors present a potential solution by facilitating rapid point-of-care AMR detection with real-time, sensitive, and portable capabilities. This Review comprehensively explores various types of optical nanobiosensors, such as surface plasmon resonance sensors, whispering-gallery mode sensors, optical coherence tomography, interference reflection imaging sensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, microring resonance sensors, and optical tweezer biosensors, for AMR diagnostics. By harnessing the unique advantages of these nanoenabled smart biosensors, a revolutionary paradigm shift in AMR diagnostics can be achieved, characterized by rapid results, high sensitivity, portability, and integration with Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies. Moreover, nanoenabled optical biosensors enable personalized monitoring and on-site detection, significantly reducing turnaround time and eliminating the human resources needed for sample preservation and transportation. Their potential for holistic environmental surveillance further enhances monitoring capabilities in diverse settings, leading to improved modern-age healthcare practices and more effective management of antimicrobial treatments. Embracing these advanced diagnostic tools promises to bolster global healthcare capacity to combat AMR and safeguard One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakr Ahmed Taha
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Naser M Ahmed
- Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering, Dijlah University College, 00964 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Rishi Kumar Talreja
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Adawiya J Haider
- Applied Sciences Department/Laser Science and Technology Branch, University of Technology, 00964 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yousif Al Mashhadany
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Anbar 00964, Iraq
| | - Qussay Al-Jubouri
- Department of Communication Engineering, University of Technology, 00964 Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Aqilah Baseri Huddin
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hadri Hafiz Mokhtar
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand 248007, India
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, United States
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Physics Department, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110045, India
| | - Norhana Arsad
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
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Hinge SB, Banpurkar AG, Kulkarni GR. Optical tweezers for probing the interactions of ZnO and Ag nanoparticles with E. coli. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:243. [PMID: 38700700 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The antibacterial effect of nanoparticles is mainly studied on the ensembles of the bacteria. In contrast, the optical tweezer technique allows the investigation of similar effects on individual bacterium. E. coli is a self-propelled micro-swimmer and ATP-driven active microorganism. In this work, an optical tweezer is employed to examine the mechanical properties of E. coli incubated with ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (NP) in the growth medium. ZnO and Ag NP with a concentration of 10 µg/ml were dispersed in growth medium during active log-growth phase of E. coli. This E. coli-NP incubation is further continued for 12 h. The E. coli after incubation for 2 h, 6 h and 12 h were separately studied by the optical tweezer for their mechanical property. The IR laser (λ = 975 nm; power = 100 mW) was used for trapping the individual cells and estimated trapping force, trapping stiffness and corner frequency. The optical trapping force on E. coli incubated in nanoparticle suspension shows linear decreases with incubation time. This work brings the importance of optical trapping force measurement in probing the antibacterial stress due to nanoparticles on the individual bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika B Hinge
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| | - Arun G Banpurkar
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Gauri R Kulkarni
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Cui M, Dutcher S, Bayly P, Meacham J. Robust acoustic trapping and perturbation of single-cell microswimmers illuminate three-dimensional swimming and ciliary coordination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218951120. [PMID: 37307440 PMCID: PMC10290211 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218951120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a label-free acoustic microfluidic method to confine single, cilia-driven swimming cells in space without limiting their rotational degrees of freedom. Our platform integrates a surface acoustic wave (SAW) actuator and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) trapping array to enable multiplexed analysis with high spatial resolution and trapping forces that are strong enough to hold individual microswimmers. The hybrid BAW/SAW acoustic tweezers employ high-efficiency mode conversion to achieve submicron image resolution while compensating for parasitic system losses to immersion oil in contact with the microfluidic chip. We use the platform to quantify cilia and cell body motion for wildtype biciliate cells, investigating effects of environmental variables like temperature and viscosity on ciliary beating, synchronization, and three-dimensional helical swimming. We confirm and expand upon the existing understanding of these phenomena, for example determining that increasing viscosity promotes asynchronous beating. Motile cilia are subcellular organelles that propel microorganisms or direct fluid and particulate flow. Thus, cilia are critical to cell survival and human health. The unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is widely used to investigate the mechanisms underlying ciliary beating and coordination. However, freely swimming cells are difficult to image with sufficient resolution to capture cilia motion, necessitating that the cell body be held during experiments. Acoustic confinement is a compelling alternative to use of a micropipette, or to magnetic, electrical, and optical trapping that may modify the cells and affect their behavior. Beyond establishing our approach to studying microswimmers, we demonstrate a unique ability to mechanically perturb cells via rapid acoustic positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Susan K. Dutcher
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Philip V. Bayly
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - J. Mark Meacham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO63130
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Haghizadeh A, Iftikhar M, Dandpat SS, Simpson T. Looking at Biomolecular Interactions through the Lens of Correlated Fluorescence Microscopy and Optical Tweezers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2668. [PMID: 36768987 PMCID: PMC9916863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding complex biological events at the molecular level paves the path to determine mechanistic processes across the timescale necessary for breakthrough discoveries. While various conventional biophysical methods provide some information for understanding biological systems, they often lack a complete picture of the molecular-level details of such dynamic processes. Studies at the single-molecule level have emerged to provide crucial missing links to understanding complex and dynamic pathways in biological systems, which are often superseded by bulk biophysical and biochemical studies. Latest developments in techniques combining single-molecule manipulation tools such as optical tweezers and visualization tools such as fluorescence or label-free microscopy have enabled the investigation of complex and dynamic biomolecular interactions at the single-molecule level. In this review, we present recent advances using correlated single-molecule manipulation and visualization-based approaches to obtain a more advanced understanding of the pathways for fundamental biological processes, and how this combination technique is facilitating research in the dynamic single-molecule (DSM), cell biology, and nanomaterials fields.
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Gharib G, Bütün İ, Muganlı Z, Kozalak G, Namlı İ, Sarraf SS, Ahmadi VE, Toyran E, van Wijnen AJ, Koşar A. Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111023. [PMID: 36421141 PMCID: PMC9688231 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bütün
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zülâl Muganlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İlayda Namlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erçil Toyran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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Li YS, Chen J, Fu GK, Du HB, Wang HL, Shi Y, Zhao CL, Jin SZ. Control of orbital angular momentum of optical vortex beams with complex wandering perturbations. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:1533-1539. [PMID: 36215619 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.463298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates how independent perturbations and cross-correlation perturbations affect optical vortex beams. Theoretical and experimental results show that both perturbations cause the intensity, average orbital angular momentum (OAM), and the OAM spectrum of the vortex beam to vary periodically with the perturbation direction, but with different periods. When the beam is subjected to independent perturbations, the average OAM changes periodically with θ in every π/2; when the beam is subjected to cross-correlation perturbations, the average OAM varies with θ in every π. The results of this work provide a method to control the OAM and regulate low-coherence vortex beams in turbulent environments.
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Rahman M, Islam KR, Islam MR, Islam MJ, Kaysir MR, Akter M, Rahman MA, Alam SMM. A Critical Review on the Sensing, Control, and Manipulation of Single Molecules on Optofluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:968. [PMID: 35744582 PMCID: PMC9229244 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule techniques have shifted the paradigm of biological measurements from ensemble measurements to probing individual molecules and propelled a rapid revolution in related fields. Compared to ensemble measurements of biomolecules, single-molecule techniques provide a breadth of information with a high spatial and temporal resolution at the molecular level. Usually, optical and electrical methods are two commonly employed methods for probing single molecules, and some platforms even offer the integration of these two methods such as optofluidics. The recent spark in technological advancement and the tremendous leap in fabrication techniques, microfluidics, and integrated optofluidics are paving the way toward low cost, chip-scale, portable, and point-of-care diagnostic and single-molecule analysis tools. This review provides the fundamentals and overview of commonly employed single-molecule methods including optical methods, electrical methods, force-based methods, combinatorial integrated methods, etc. In most single-molecule experiments, the ability to manipulate and exercise precise control over individual molecules plays a vital role, which sometimes defines the capabilities and limits of the operation. This review discusses different manipulation techniques including sorting and trapping individual particles. An insight into the control of single molecules is provided that mainly discusses the recent development of electrical control over single molecules. Overall, this review is designed to provide the fundamentals and recent advancements in different single-molecule techniques and their applications, with a special focus on the detection, manipulation, and control of single molecules on chip-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Kazi Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Rejvi Kaysir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Masuma Akter
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Arifur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - S. M. Mahfuz Alam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
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Biochip with multi-planar electrodes geometry for differentiation of non-spherical bioparticles in a microchannel. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11880. [PMID: 34088942 PMCID: PMC8178319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A biosensor capable of differentiating cells or other microparticles based on morphology finds significant biomedical applications. Examples may include morphological determination in the cellular division process, differentiation of bacterial cells, and cellular morphological variation in inflammation and cancer etc. Here, we present a novel integrated multi-planar microelectrodes geometry design that can distinguish a non-spherical individual particle flowing along a microchannel based on its electrical signature. We simulated multi-planar electrodes design in COMSOL Multiphysics and have shown that the changes in electrical field intensity corresponding to multiple particle morphologies can be distinguished. Our initial investigation has shown that top-bottom electrodes configuration produces significantly enhanced signal strength for a spherical particle as compared to co-planar configuration. Next, we integrated the co-planar and top-bottom configurations to develop a multi-planar microelectrode design capable of electrical impedance measurement at different spatial planes inside a microchannel by collecting multiple output signatures. We tested our integrated multi-planar electrode design with particles of different elliptical morphologies by gradually changing spherical particle dimensions to the non-spherical. The computed electrical signal ratio of non-spherical to spherical particle shows a very good correlation to predict the particle morphology. The biochip sensitivity is also found be independent of orientation of the particle flowing in the microchannel. Our integrated design will help develop the technology that will allow morphological analysis of various bioparticles in a microfluidic channel in the future.
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Enhanced Signal-to-Noise and Fast Calibration of Optical Tweezers Using Single Trapping Events. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050570. [PMID: 34067843 PMCID: PMC8156233 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The trap stiffness us the key property in using optical tweezers as a force transducer. Force reconstruction via maximum-likelihood-estimator analysis (FORMA) determines the optical trap stiffness based on estimation of the particle velocity from statistical trajectories. Using a modification of this technique, we determine the trap stiffness for a two micron particle within 2 ms to a precision of ∼10% using camera measurements at 10 kfps with the contribution of pixel noise to the signal being larger the level Brownian motion. This is done by observing a particle fall into an optical trap once at a high stiffness. This type of calibration is attractive, as it avoids the use of a nanopositioning stage, which makes it ideal for systems of large numbers of particles, e.g., micro-fluidics or active matter systems.
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Li P, Yu H, Wang X, Wen Y, Zhao W, Luo H, Ge Z, Liu L. Self-assembled microcage fabrication for manipulating and selectively capturing microparticles and cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:11144-11157. [PMID: 33820233 DOI: 10.1364/oe.420033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell-scale selective manipulation and targeted capture play a vital role in cell behavior analysis. However, selective microcapture has primarily been performed in specific circumstances to maintain the trapping state, making the subsequent in situ characterization and analysis of specific particles or cells difficult and imprecise. Herein, we propose a novel method that combines femtosecond laser two-photon polymerization (TPP) micromachining technology with the operation of optical tweezers (OTs) to achieve selective and targeted capture of single particles and cells. Diverse ordered microcages with different shapes and dimensions were self-assembled by micropillars fabricated via TPP. The micropillars with high aspect ratios were processed by single exposure, and the parameters of the micropillar arrays were investigated to optimize the capillary-force-driven self-assembly process of the anisotropic microcages. Finally, single microparticles and cells were selectively transported to the desired microcages by manipulating the flexibly of the OTs in a few minutes. The captured microparticles and cells were kept trapped without additional forces.
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Lenton ICD, Scott EK, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Favre-Bulle IA. Optical Tweezers Exploring Neuroscience. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:602797. [PMID: 33330435 PMCID: PMC7732537 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.602797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, optical tweezers (OT) have been increasingly used in neuroscience for studies of molecules and neuronal dynamics, as well as for the study of model organisms as a whole. Compared to other areas of biology, it has taken much longer for OT to become an established tool in neuroscience. This is, in part, due to the complexity of the brain and the inherent difficulties in trapping individual molecules or manipulating cells located deep within biological tissue. Recent advances in OT, as well as parallel developments in imaging and adaptive optics, have significantly extended the capabilities of OT. In this review, we describe how OT became an established tool in neuroscience and we elaborate on possible future directions for the field. Rather than covering all applications of OT to neurons or related proteins and molecules, we focus our discussions on studies that provide crucial information to neuroscience, such as neuron dynamics, growth, and communication, as these studies have revealed meaningful information and provide direction for the field into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac C. D. Lenton
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ethan K. Scott
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Itia A. Favre-Bulle
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Emile O, Emile J. Nanometer optical trap based on stimulated emission in evanescence of a totally reflected Arago spot : Nanometer optical trap for fluorescent nanoparticles. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2020; 43:68. [PMID: 33099687 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2020-11991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have paved the way towards the manipulation of particles and living cells at the micrometer range. Its extension towards the nanometer world may create unprecedented potentialities in many areas of science. Following a letter (O. Emile, J. Emile, H. Tabuteau, EPL 129, 58001 (2020)) that reported the observation of the trapping of a single 200nm diameter fluorescent particle in a nanometric volume, we detail here our experimental findings. In particular, the trapping mechanism is shown to be based on the radiation pressure of light in one direction and on the stimulated emission of the particle in the evanescent wave of a nanometer Arago spot on a glass/liquid interface on the other directions. The trapping volume is a 200nm height cylinder whose radius varies with the spreading of the evanescent wave near the spot and can reach 50nm. The calculation of the force and the parameters limiting the lifetime are detailed. Applications to laser trapping of atoms and molecules are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Emile
- Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Janine Emile
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS IPR UMR 6251, F-35000, Rennes, France
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13
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Kimkes TEP, Heinemann M. How bacteria recognise and respond to surface contact. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:106-122. [PMID: 31769807 PMCID: PMC7053574 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can cause medical problems and issues in technical systems. While a large body of knowledge exists on the phenotypes of planktonic and of sessile cells in mature biofilms, our understanding of what happens when bacteria change from the planktonic to the sessile state is still very incomplete. Fundamental questions are unanswered: for instance, how do bacteria sense that they are in contact with a surface, and what are the very initial cellular responses to surface contact. Here, we review the current knowledge on the signals that bacteria could perceive once they attach to a surface, the signal transduction systems that could be involved in sensing the surface contact and the cellular responses that are triggered as a consequence to surface contact ultimately leading to biofilm formation. Finally, as the main obstacle in investigating the initial responses to surface contact has been the difficulty to experimentally study the dynamic response of single cells upon surface attachment, we also review recent experimental approaches that could be employed to study bacterial surface sensing, which ultimately could lead to an improved understanding of how biofilm formation could be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom E P Kimkes
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Heinemann
- Molecular Systems Biology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
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14
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Yadav A, Dutta A, Kumar P, Dahan Y, Aranovich A, Feingold M. Optimal trapping stability of Escherichia coli in oscillating optical tweezers. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:062402. [PMID: 32688596 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.062402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Single-beam oscillating optical tweezers can be used to trap rod-shaped bacterial cells and align them with their long axis lying within the focal plane. While such configuration is useful for imaging applications, the corresponding imaging resolution is limited by the fluctuations of the trapped cell. We study the fluctuations of four of the coordinates of the trapped cell, two for its center of mass position and two for its angular orientation, showing the way they depend on the trap length and the trapping beam power. We find that optimal trapping stability is obtained when the trap length is about the same as the cell length and that cell fluctuations in the focal plane decrease like the inverse of the trapping power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Yadav
- Department of Physics and The Ilse Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anindita Dutta
- Department of Physics and The Ilse Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Physics and The Ilse Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.,Department of Physics, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Yuval Dahan
- Department of Physics and The Ilse Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alexander Aranovich
- Department of Physics and The Ilse Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Mario Feingold
- Department of Physics and The Ilse Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Transformation of the Drosophila Sex-Manipulative Endosymbiont Spiroplasma poulsonii and Persisting Hurdles for Functional Genetic Studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00835-20. [PMID: 32444468 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00835-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects are frequently infected by bacterial symbionts that greatly affect their physiology and ecology. Most of these endosymbionts are, however, barely tractable outside their native host, rendering functional genetics studies difficult or impossible. Spiroplasma poulsonii is a facultative bacterial endosymbiont of Drosophila melanogaster that manipulates the reproduction of its host by killing its male progeny at the embryonic stage. S. poulsonii, although a very fastidious bacterium, is closely related to pathogenic Spiroplasma species that are cultivable and genetically modifiable. In this work, we present the transformation of S. poulsonii with a plasmid bearing a fluorescence cassette, leveraging techniques adapted from those used to modify the pathogenic species Spiroplasma citri We demonstrate the feasibility of S. poulsonii transformation and discuss approaches for mutant selection and fly colonization, which are persisting hurdles that must be overcome to allow functional bacterial genetics studies of this endosymbiont in vivo IMPORTANCE Dozens of bacterial endosymbiont species have been described and estimated to infect about half of all insect species. However, only a few them are tractable in vitro, which hampers our understanding of the bacterial determinants of the host-symbiont interaction. Developing a transformation method for S. poulsonii is a major step toward genomic engineering of this symbiont, which will foster basic research on endosymbiosis. This could also open the way to practical uses of endosymbiont engineering through paratransgenesis of vector or pest insects.
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Melo B, Almeida F, Temporão G, Guerreiro T. Relaxing constraints on data acquisition and position detection for trap stiffness calibration in optical tweezers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:16256-16269. [PMID: 32549451 DOI: 10.1364/oe.394632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers find applications in various fields, ranging from biology to physics. One of the fundamental steps necessary to perform quantitative measurements using trapped particles is the calibration of the tweezer's spring constant. This can be done through power spectral density analysis, from forward scattering detection of the particle's position. In this work we propose and experimentally test simplifications to such measurement procedure, aimed at reducing post-processing of recorded data and dealing with acquisition devices that have frequency-dependent electronic noise. In the same line of simplifying the tweezer setup we also present a knife-edge detection scheme that can substitute standard position sensitive detectors.
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Digital Microfluidics for Single Bacteria Capture and Selective Retrieval Using Optical Tweezers. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030308. [PMID: 32183431 PMCID: PMC7142809 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
When screening microbial populations or consortia for interesting cells, their selective retrieval for further study can be of great interest. To this end, traditional fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and optical tweezers (OT) enabled methods have typically been used. However, the former, although allowing cell sorting, fails to track dynamic cell behavior, while the latter has been limited to complex channel-based microfluidic platforms. In this study, digital microfluidics (DMF) was integrated with OT for selective trapping, relocation, and further proliferation of single bacterial cells, while offering continuous imaging of cells to evaluate dynamic cell behavior. To enable this, magnetic beads coated with Salmonella Typhimurium-targeting antibodies were seeded in the microwell array of the DMF platform, and used to capture single cells of a fluorescent S. Typhimurium population. Next, OT were used to select a bead with a bacterium of interest, based on its fluorescent expression, and to relocate this bead to a different microwell on the same or different array. Using an agar patch affixed on top, the relocated bacterium was subsequently allowed to proliferate. Our OT-integrated DMF platform thus successfully enabled selective trapping, retrieval, relocation, and proliferation of bacteria of interest at single-cell level, thereby enabling their downstream analysis.
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