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Golikov AV, Xavier JC, Ceia FR, Queirós JP, Bustamante P, Couperus B, Guillou G, Larionova AM, Sabirov RM, Somes CJ, Hoving HJ. Insights on long-term ecosystem changes from stable isotopes in historical squid beaks. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:90. [PMID: 38956464 PMCID: PMC11221165 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the historical dynamics of key food web components is crucial to understand how climate change impacts the structure of Arctic marine ecosystems. Most retrospective stable isotopic studies to date assessed potential ecosystem shifts in the Arctic using vertebrate top predators and filter-feeding invertebrates as proxies. However, due to long life histories and specific ecologies, ecosystem shifts are not always detectable when using these taxa. Moreover, there are currently no retrospective stable isotopic studies on various other ecological and taxonomic groups of Arctic biota. To test whether climate-driven shifts in marine ecosystems are reflected in the ecology of short-living mesopredators, ontogenetic changes in stable isotope signatures in chitinous hard body structures were analysed in two abundant squids (Gonatus fabricii and Todarodes sagittatus) from the low latitude Arctic and adjacent waters, collected between 1844 and 2023. RESULTS We detected a temporal increase in diet and habitat-use generalism (= opportunistic choice rather than specialization), trophic position and niche width in G. fabricii from the low latitude Arctic waters. These shifts in trophic ecology matched with the Atlantification of the Arctic ecosystems, which includes increased generalization of food webs and higher primary production, and the influx of boreal species from the North Atlantic as a result of climate change. The Atlantification is especially marked since the late 1990s/early 2000s. The temporal patterns we found in G. fabricii's trophic ecology were largely unreported in previous Arctic retrospective isotopic ecology studies. Accordingly, T. sagittatus that occur nowadays in the high latitude North Atlantic have a more generalist diet than in the XIXth century. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that abundant opportunistic mesopredators with short life cycles (such as squids) are good candidates for retrospective ecology studies in the marine ecosystems, and to identify ecosystem shifts driven by climate change. Enhanced generalization of Arctic food webs is reflected in increased diet generalism and niche width in squids, while increased abundance of boreal piscivorous fishes is reflected in squids' increased trophic position. These findings support opportunism and adaptability in squids, which renders them as potential winners of short-term shifts in Arctic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José C Xavier
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Filipe R Ceia
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José P Queirós
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Bram Couperus
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gaël Guillou
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | | | | | | | - Henk-Jan Hoving
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Ward P, Barord GJ, Schauer A, Veloso J. Comparative Trophic Levels of Phragmocone-Bearing Cephalopods (Nautiloids, Ammonoids, and Sepiids). Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1285-1297. [PMID: 37994658 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods are among many marine animals that through some combination of habit and/or habitat have proven difficult to study, especially understanding their trophic positions in marine communities. Stable isotope analyses have provided powerful tools for discovering quantitative aspects about the ecology and food sources of many cephalopod species. Here, we present new gut content and isotopic data (carbon and nitrogen isotopes) from phragmocone-bearing cephalopods (both ectocochleates, as well as those with internal, hard part buoyancy maintenance apparatuses). To this, we also include observations from baited remote underwater video systems to describe feeding habits and potential prey types to correlate with gut contents analyses. These data come from extant Allonautilus, Nautilus, and Sepia species, as well as from extinct nautiloids and ammonites. Extant nautiloids occupy a different isotopic niche than all other cephalopod groups where such data have been published to date. We conclude that these species are obligate scavengers rather than predators on any living species in their environments. Extant Nautilus and Allonautilus also demonstrate different patterns of functional allometry of nitrogen isotope values over ontogeny than do most other cephalopods (or animals in general), by showing decreasing nitrogen isotope levels during ontogeny. This pattern is shown to be different in Sepia and the yet small number of ammonite cephalopods studied to date, supporting the increasingly accepted view that ammonites were far closer to coleoids in basic biology than nautiloids. Overall, phragmocone-bearing cephalopods appear fundamentally different ecologically than cephalopods without this kind of buoyancy system. Of these groups, nautiloids appear to live a low-energy existence that allows them to subsist on energy-poor food sources, such as crustacean molts, as well as being able to scavenge in low oxygen basins where rare food falls, such as dead fish, remain unobtainable by most other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ward
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gregory J Barord
- Department of Marine Sciences, Central Campus, Des Moines, IA, 50309, USA
| | - Andrew Schauer
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 WA, USA
| | - Job Veloso
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Eduardo LN, Lucena-Frédou F, Lanco Bertrand S, Lira AS, Mincarone MM, Nunes GT, Frédou T, Soares A, Le Loc'h F, Pelage L, Schwamborn R, Travassos P, Martins K, Lira SMA, Figueiredo GAA, Júnior TV, Ménard F, Bertrand A. From the light blue sky to the dark deep sea: Trophic and resource partitioning between epipelagic and mesopelagic layers in a tropical oceanic ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163098. [PMID: 36996984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The connection between epipelagic and deep-sea mesopelagic realms controls a variety of ecosystem processes including oceanic carbon storage and the provision of harvestable fish stocks. So far, these two layers have been mostly addressed in isolation and the ways they connect remain poorly understood. Furthermore, both systems are affected by climate change, exploitation of resources, and increasing pervasion of pollutants. Here we use bulk isotopes of δ13C and δ15N of 60 ecosystem components to evaluate the trophic linkage between epipelagic and mesopelagic ecosystems in warm oligotrophic waters. Additionally, we we conducted a comparison of isotopic niche sizes and overlaps across multiple species to evaluate how environmental gradients between epipelagic and mesopelagic ecosystems shape ecological patterns of resource use and competition between species. Our database comprises siphonophores, crustaceans, cephalopods, salpas, fishes, and seabirds. It also includes five zooplankton size classes, two groups of fish larvae, and particulate organic matter collected at different depths. Through this wide taxonomic and trophic variety of epipelagic and mesopelagic species, we show that pelagic species access resources originating from different food sources, mostly autotrophic-based (epipelagics) and microbial heterotrophic-based (mesopelagics). This leads to a sharp trophic dissimilarity between vertical layers. Additionally, we show that trophic specialization increases in deep-sea species and argue that food availability and environmental stability are among the main drivers of this pattern. Finally, we discuss how the ecological traits of pelagic species highlighted in this study can respond to human impacts and increase their vulnerability in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Nolé Eduardo
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Lucena-Frédou
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Souza Lira
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Aracajú, SE, Brazil
| | - Michael Maia Mincarone
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Chapman University, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Guilherme Tavares Nunes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos, Imbé, RS, Brazil
| | - Thierry Frédou
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Andrey Soares
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - François Le Loc'h
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Univ. Brest, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, IUEM, F-29280 Plouzane, France
| | - Latifa Pelage
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ralf Schwamborn
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Oceanografia, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Travassos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Karla Martins
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Simone M A Lira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Oceanografia, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Teodoro Vaske Júnior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Ménard
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, UM110 Marseille, IRD, MIO, France
| | - Arnaud Bertrand
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Life History of the Arctic Squid Gonatus fabricii (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida) Reconstructed by Analysis of Individual Ontogenetic Stable Isotopic Trajectories. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243548. [PMID: 36552473 PMCID: PMC9774963 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods are important in Arctic marine ecosystems as predators and prey, but knowledge of their life cycles is poor. Consequently, they are under-represented in the Arctic ecosystems assessment models. One important parameter is the change in ecological role (habitat and diet) associated with individual ontogenies. Here, the life history of Gonatus fabricii, the most abundant Arctic cephalopod, is reconstructed by the analysis of individual ontogenetic trajectories of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in archival hard body structures. This approach allows the prediction of the exact mantle length (ML) and mass when the species changes its ecological role. Our results show that the life history of G. fabricii is divided into four stages, each having a distinct ecology: (1) epipelagic squid (ML < 20 mm), preying mostly on copepods; (2) epi- and occasionally mesopelagic squid (ML 20−50 mm), preying on larger crustaceans, fish, and cephalopods; (3) meso- and bathypelagic squid (ML > 50 mm), preying mainly on fish and cephalopods; and (4) non-feeding bathypelagic gelatinous females (ML > 200 mm). Existing Arctic ecosystem models do not reflect the different ecological roles of G. fabricii correctly, and the novel data provided here are a necessary baseline for Arctic ecosystem modelling and forecasting.
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Xavier JC, Golikov AV, Queirós JP, Perales-Raya C, Rosas-Luis R, Abreu J, Bello G, Bustamante P, Capaz JC, Dimkovikj VH, González AF, Guímaro H, Guerra-Marrero A, Gomes-Pereira JN, Hernández-Urcera J, Kubodera T, Laptikhovsky V, Lefkaditou E, Lishchenko F, Luna A, Liu B, Pierce GJ, Pissarra V, Reveillac E, Romanov EV, Rosa R, Roscian M, Rose-Mann L, Rouget I, Sánchez P, Sánchez-Márquez A, Seixas S, Souquet L, Varela J, Vidal EAG, Cherel Y. The significance of cephalopod beaks as a research tool: An update. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1038064. [PMID: 36467695 PMCID: PMC9716703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1038064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cephalopod beaks in ecological and population dynamics studies has allowed major advances of our knowledge on the role of cephalopods in marine ecosystems in the last 60 years. Since the 1960's, with the pioneering research by Malcolm Clarke and colleagues, cephalopod beaks (also named jaws or mandibles) have been described to species level and their measurements have been shown to be related to cephalopod body size and mass, which permitted important information to be obtained on numerous biological and ecological aspects of cephalopods in marine ecosystems. In the last decade, a range of new techniques has been applied to cephalopod beaks, permitting new kinds of insight into cephalopod biology and ecology. The workshop on cephalopod beaks of the Cephalopod International Advisory Council Conference (Sesimbra, Portugal) in 2022 aimed to review the most recent scientific developments in this field and to identify future challenges, particularly in relation to taxonomy, age, growth, chemical composition (i.e., DNA, proteomics, stable isotopes, trace elements) and physical (i.e., structural) analyses. In terms of taxonomy, new techniques (e.g., 3D geometric morphometrics) for identifying cephalopods from their beaks are being developed with promising results, although the need for experts and reference collections of cephalopod beaks will continue. The use of beak microstructure for age and growth studies has been validated. Stable isotope analyses on beaks have proven to be an excellent technique to get valuable information on the ecology of cephalopods (namely habitat and trophic position). Trace element analyses is also possible using beaks, where concentrations are significantly lower than in other tissues (e.g., muscle, digestive gland, gills). Extracting DNA from beaks was only possible in one study so far. Protein analyses can also be made using cephalopod beaks. Future challenges in research using cephalopod beaks are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C. Xavier
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - José P. Queirós
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - José Abreu
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Juan C. Capaz
- Center of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Valerie H. Dimkovikj
- Department of Marine Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, United States
| | | | - Hugo Guímaro
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Airam Guerra-Marrero
- IU-ECOAQUA, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edf. Ciencias Básicas, Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir Laptikhovsky
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Lowestoft, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fedor Lishchenko
- Laboratory for Ecology and Morphology of Marine Invertebrates, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Amanda Luna
- Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Bilin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Vasco Pissarra
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Elodie Reveillac
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Evgeny V. Romanov
- Centre Technique de Recherche et de Valorisation des Milieux Aquatiques (CITEB), Le Port, Île de la Réunion, France
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Marjorie Roscian
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie-Paris (CR2P), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Rose-Mann
- University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Isabelle Rouget
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie-Paris (CR2P), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pilar Sánchez
- Institut de Ciènces del Mar, CSIC, Psg. Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sónia Seixas
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Universidade Aberta, Rua Escola Politécnica, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Louise Souquet
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaquelino Varela
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET–Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Erica A. G. Vidal
- Center for Marine Studies—Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
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Exceptional soft-tissue preservation of Jurassic Vampyronassa rhodanica provides new insights on the evolution and palaeoecology of vampyroteuthids. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8292. [PMID: 35739131 PMCID: PMC9225997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although soft tissues of coleoid cephalopods record key evolutionary adaptations, they are rarely preserved in the fossil record. This prevents meaningful comparative analyses between extant and fossil forms, as well as the development of a relative timescale for morphological innovations. However, unique 3-D soft tissue preservation of Vampyronassa rhodanica (Vampyromorpha) from the Jurassic Lagerstätte of La Voulte-sur-Rhône (Ardèche, France) provides unparalleled opportunities for the observation of these tissues in the oldest likely relative of extant Vampyroteuthis infernalis. Synchrotron X-ray microtomography and reconstruction of V. rhodanica allowed, for the first time, a high-resolution re-examination of external and internal morphology, and comparison with other fossil and extant species, including V. infernalis. The new data obtained demonstrate that some key V. infernalis characters, such as its unique type of sucker attachment, were already present in Jurassic taxa. Nonetheless, compared with the extant form, which is considered to be an opportunistic detritivore and zooplanktivore, many characters in V. rhodanica indicate a pelagic predatory lifestyle. The contrast in trophic niches between the two taxa is consistent with the hypothesis that these forms diversified in continental shelf environments prior to the appearance of adaptations in the Oligocene leading to their modern deep-sea mode of life.
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Ferreira GVB, Justino AKS, Eduardo LN, Lenoble V, Fauvelle V, Schmidt N, Junior TV, Frédou T, Lucena-Frédou F. Plastic in the inferno: Microplastic contamination in deep-sea cephalopods (Vampyroteuthis infernalis and Abralia veranyi) from the southwestern Atlantic. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113309. [PMID: 35090293 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a relevant environmental concern in marine ecosystems due to their ubiquity. However, knowledge on their dispersion patterns within the ocean basin and the interaction with biota are scarce and mostly limited to surface waters. This study investigated microplastic contamination in two species of deep-sea cephalopods from the southwestern Atlantic with different ecological behaviour: the vampire squid (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) and the midwater squid (Abralia veranyi). Microplastic contaminated most of the evaluated specimens. V. infernalis showed higher levels of contamination (9.58 ± 8.25 particles individual-1; p < 0.05) than A. veranyi (2.37 ± 2.13 part. ind.-1), likely due to the feeding strategy of V. infernalis as a faecal pellets feeder. The size of extracted microplastics was inversely proportional to the depth of foraging. The microplastics were highly heterogeneous in composition (shape, colour and polymer type). Our results provide information regarding microplastic interaction with deep-sea organisms and evidence of the biological influence in the microplastic sinking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme V B Ferreira
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, Brazil..
| | - Anne K S Justino
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, Brazil.; Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
| | - Leandro Nolé Eduardo
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, Brazil.; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Véronique Lenoble
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France
| | - Vincent Fauvelle
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Natascha Schmidt
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
| | - Teodoro Vaske Junior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, UNESP CLP, Instituto de Biociências, 11380-972 São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Thierry Frédou
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lucena-Frédou
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAQ), da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, Brazil
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Roscian M, Herrel A, Cornette R, Delapré A, Cherel Y, Rouget I. Underwater photogrammetry for close-range 3D imaging of dry-sensitive objects: The case study of cephalopod beaks. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7730-7742. [PMID: 34188847 PMCID: PMC8216959 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Technical advances in 3D imaging have contributed to quantifying and understanding biological variability and complexity. However, small, dry-sensitive objects are not easy to reconstruct using common and easily available techniques such as photogrammetry, surface scanning, or micro-CT scanning. Here, we use cephalopod beaks as an example as their size, thickness, transparency, and dry-sensitive nature make them particularly challenging. We developed a new, underwater, photogrammetry protocol in order to add these types of biological structures to the panel of photogrammetric possibilities.We used a camera with a macrophotography mode in a waterproof housing fixed in a tank with clear water. The beak was painted and fixed on a colored rotating support. Three angles of view, two acquisitions, and around 300 pictures per specimen were taken in order to reconstruct a full 3D model. These models were compared with others obtained with micro-CT scanning to verify their accuracy.The models can be obtained quickly and cheaply compared with micro-CT scanning and have sufficient precision for quantitative interspecific morphological analyses. Our work shows that underwater photogrammetry is a fast, noninvasive, efficient, and accurate way to reconstruct 3D models of dry-sensitive objects while conserving their shape. While the reconstruction of the shape is accurate, some internal parts cannot be reconstructed with photogrammetry as they are not visible. In contrast, these structures are visible using reconstructions based on micro-CT scanning. The mean difference between both methods is very small (10-5 to 10-4 mm) and is significantly lower than differences between meshes of different individuals.This photogrammetry protocol is portable, easy-to-use, fast, and reproducible. Micro-CT scanning, in contrast, is time-consuming, expensive, and nonportable. This protocol can be applied to reconstruct the 3D shape of many other dry-sensitive objects such as shells of shellfish, cartilage, plants, and other chitinous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Roscian
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie‐Paris (CR2P)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (Mecadev)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSBâtiment d'Anatomie ComparéeParisFrance
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (Mecadev)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSBâtiment d'Anatomie ComparéeParisFrance
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
| | - Arnaud Delapré
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Muséum national d'Histoire naturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversité des AntillesParisFrance
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de ChizéUMR7372CNRS‐La Rochelle UniversitéVilliers‐en‐BoisFrance
| | - Isabelle Rouget
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie‐Paris (CR2P)Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
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9
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Klug C, Schweigert G, Fuchs D, De Baets K. Distraction sinking and fossilized coleoid predatory behaviour from the German Early Jurassic. SWISS JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY 2021; 140:7. [PMID: 33815267 PMCID: PMC7965854 DOI: 10.1186/s13358-021-00218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exceptional fossil preservation is required to conserve soft-bodied fossils and even more so to conserve their behaviour. Here, we describe a fossil of a co-occurrence of representatives of two different octobrachian coleoid species. The fossils are from the Toarcian Posidonienschiefer of Ohmden near Holzmaden, Germany. The two animals died in the act of predation, i.e. one had caught the other and had begun to nibble on it, when they possibly sank into hypoxic waters and suffocated (distraction sinking). This supports the idea that primitive vampyromorphs pursued diverse feeding strategies and were not yet adapted to being opportunistic feeders in oxygen minimum zones like their modern relative Vampyroteuthis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klug
- Paläontologisches Institut Und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Günter Schweigert
- Staatliches Museum Für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk Fuchs
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung Für Paläontologie Und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Kenneth De Baets
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Fachgruppe PaläoUmwelt, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstr. 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Košťák M, Schlögl J, Fuchs D, Holcová K, Hudáčková N, Culka A, Fözy I, Tomašových A, Milovský R, Šurka J, Mazuch M. Fossil evidence for vampire squid inhabiting oxygen-depleted ocean zones since at least the Oligocene. Commun Biol 2021; 4:216. [PMID: 33603225 PMCID: PMC7893013 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A marked 120 My gap in the fossil record of vampire squids separates the only extant species (Vampyroteuthis infernalis) from its Early Cretaceous, morphologically-similar ancestors. While the extant species possesses unique physiological adaptations to bathyal environments with low oxygen concentrations, Mesozoic vampyromorphs inhabited epicontinental shelves. However, the timing of their retreat towards bathyal and oxygen-depleted habitats is poorly documented. Here, we document a first record of a post-Mesozoic vampire squid from the Oligocene of the Central Paratethys represented by a vampyromorph gladius. We assign Necroteuthis hungarica to the family Vampyroteuthidae that links Mesozoic loligosepiids with Recent Vampyroteuthis. Micropalaeontological, palaeoecological, and geochemical analyses demonstrate that Necroteuthis hungarica inhabited bathyal environments with bottom-water anoxia and high primary productivity in salinity-stratified Central Paratethys basins. Vampire squids were thus adapted to bathyal, oxygen-depleted habitats at least since the Oligocene. We suggest that the Cretaceous and the early Cenozoic OMZs triggered their deep-sea specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Košťák
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ján Schlögl
- Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dirk Fuchs
- SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, München, Germany
| | - Katarína Holcová
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Hudáčková
- Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adam Culka
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - István Fözy
- Department of Palaeontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Tomašových
- Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Milovský
- Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Šurka
- Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Martin Mazuch
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Hoffmann R, Slattery JS, Kruta I, Linzmeier BJ, Lemanis RE, Mironenko A, Goolaerts S, De Baets K, Peterman DJ, Klug C. Recent advances in heteromorph ammonoid palaeobiology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:576-610. [PMID: 33438316 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heteromorphs are ammonoids forming a conch with detached whorls (open coiling) or non-planispiral coiling. Such aberrant forms appeared convergently four times within this extinct group of cephalopods. Since Wiedmann's seminal paper in this journal, the palaeobiology of heteromorphs has advanced substantially. Combining direct evidence from their fossil record, indirect insights from phylogenetic bracketing, and physical as well as virtual models, we reach an improved understanding of heteromorph ammonoid palaeobiology. Their anatomy, buoyancy, locomotion, predators, diet, palaeoecology, and extinction are discussed. Based on phylogenetic bracketing with nautiloids and coleoids, heteromorphs like other ammonoids had 10 arms, a well-developed brain, lens eyes, a buccal mass with a radula and a smaller upper as well as a larger lower jaw, and ammonia in their soft tissue. Heteromorphs likely lacked arm suckers, hooks, tentacles, a hood, and an ink sac. All Cretaceous heteromorphs share an aptychus-type lower jaw with a lamellar calcitic covering. Differences in radular tooth morphology and size in heteromorphs suggest a microphagous diet. Stomach contents of heteromorphs comprise planktic crustaceans, gastropods, and crinoids, suggesting a zooplanktic diet. Forms with a U-shaped body chamber (ancylocone) are regarded as suspension feeders, whereas orthoconic forms additionally might have consumed benthic prey. Heteromorphs could achieve near-neutral buoyancy regardless of conch shape or ontogeny. Orthoconic heteromorphs likely had a vertical orientation, whereas ancylocone heteromorphs had a near-horizontal aperture pointing upwards. Heteromorphs with a U-shaped body chamber are more stable hydrodynamically than modern Nautilus and were unable substantially to modify their orientation by active locomotion, i.e. they had no or limited access to benthic prey at adulthood. Pathologies reported for heteromorphs were likely inflicted by crustaceans, fish, marine reptiles, and other cephalopods. Pathologies on Ptychoceras corroborates an external shell and rejects the endocochleate hypothesis. Devonian, Triassic, and Jurassic heteromorphs had a preference for deep-subtidal to offshore facies but are rare in shallow-subtidal, slope, and bathyal facies. Early Cretaceous heteromorphs preferred deep-subtidal to bathyal facies. Late Cretaceous heteromorphs are common in shallow-subtidal to offshore facies. Oxygen isotope data suggest rapid growth and a demersal habitat for adult Discoscaphites and Baculites. A benthic embryonic stage, planktic hatchlings, and a habitat change after one whorl is proposed for Hoploscaphites. Carbon isotope data indicate that some Baculites lived throughout their lives at cold seeps. Adaptation to a planktic life habit potentially drove selection towards smaller hatchlings, implying high fecundity and an ecological role of the hatchlings as micro- and mesoplankton. The Chicxulub impact at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary 66 million years ago is the likely trigger for the extinction of ammonoids. Ammonoids likely persisted after this event for 40-500 thousand years and are exclusively represented by heteromorphs. The ammonoid extinction is linked to their small hatchling sizes, planktotrophic diets, and higher metabolic rates than in nautilids, which survived the K/Pg mass extinction event.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Hoffmann
- Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, 44801, Germany
| | - Joshua S Slattery
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., NES 107, Tampa, FL, 33620, U.S.A
| | - Isabelle Kruta
- CR2P - Centre de Recherche en Paléntologie - Paris, UMR 7207, Sorbonne Université-MNHN-CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, case 104, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Benjamin J Linzmeier
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, U.S.A
| | - Robert E Lemanis
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01307, Germany
| | | | - Stijn Goolaerts
- OD Earth & History of Life, and Scientific Service Heritage, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium
| | - Kenneth De Baets
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - David J Peterman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH, 45435, U.S.A
| | - Christian Klug
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich, 8006, Switzerland
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12
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Golikov AV, Ceia FR, Sabirov RM, Batalin GA, Blicher ME, Gareev BI, Gudmundsson G, Jørgensen LL, Mingazov GZ, Zakharov DV, Xavier JC. Diet and life history reduce interspecific and intraspecific competition among three sympatric Arctic cephalopods. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21506. [PMID: 33299075 PMCID: PMC7726147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophic niche and diet comparisons among closely sympatric marine species are important to understand complex food webs, particularly in regions most affected by climate change. Using stable isotope analyses, all ontogenetic stages of three sympatric species of Arctic cephalopods (genus Rossia) were studied to assess inter- and intraspecific competition with niche and diet overlap and partitioning in West Greenland and the Barents Sea. Seven traits related to resource and habitat utilization were identified in Rossia: no trait was shared by all three species. High boreal R. megaptera and Arctic endemic R. moelleri shared three traits with each other, while both R. megaptera and R. moelleri shared only two unique traits each with widespread boreal-Arctic R. palpebrosa. Thus all traits formed fully uncrossing pattern with each species having unique strategy of resource and habitat utilization. Predicted climate changes in the Arctic would have an impact on competition among Rossia with one potential 'winner' (R. megaptera in the Barents Sea) but no potential 'losers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Golikov
- Department of Zoology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Filipe R Ceia
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rushan M Sabirov
- Department of Zoology, Kazan Federal University, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Georgii A Batalin
- Laboratory of Isotopic and Elemental Analysis, Kazan Federal University, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Martin E Blicher
- Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Bulat I Gareev
- Laboratory of Isotopic and Elemental Analysis, Kazan Federal University, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gudmundur Gudmundsson
- Collections and Systematics Department, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, 210, Gardabaer, Iceland
| | - Lis L Jørgensen
- Tromsø Branch, Institute of Marine Research, 9294, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gazinur Z Mingazov
- Laboratory of Isotopic and Elemental Analysis, Kazan Federal University, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Denis V Zakharov
- Laboratory of Hydrobiology, Polar Branch of All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 183038, Murmansk, Russia.,Laboratory of Zoobenthos, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, 183010, Murmansk, Russia
| | - José C Xavier
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.,British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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13
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Murphy KJ, Pecl GT, Richards SA, Semmens JM, Revill AT, Suthers IM, Everett JD, Trebilco R, Blanchard JL. Functional traits explain trophic allometries of cephalopods. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2692-2703. [PMID: 32895913 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individual body size strongly influences the trophic role of marine organisms and the structure and function of marine ecosystems. Quantifying trophic position-individual body size relationships (trophic allometries) underpins the development of size-structured ecosystem models to predict abundance and the transfer of energy through ecosystems. Trophic allometries are well studied for fishes but remain relatively unexplored for cephalopods. Cephalopods are important components of coastal, oceanic and deep-sea ecosystems, and they play a key role in the transfer of biomass from low trophic positions to higher predators. It is therefore important to resolve cephalopod trophic allometries to accurately represent them within size-structured ecosystem models. We assessed the trophic positions of cephalopods in an oceanic pelagic (0-500 m) community (sampled by trawling in a cold-core eddy in the western Tasman Sea), comprising 22 species from 12 families, using bulk tissue stable isotope analysis and amino acid compound-specific stable isotope analysis. We assessed whether ontogenetic trophic position shifts were evident at the species-level and tested for the best predictor of community-level trophic allometry among body size, taxonomy and functional grouping (informed by fin and mantle morphology). Individuals in this cephalopod community spanned two trophic positions and fell into three functional groups on an activity level gradient: low, medium and high. The relationship between trophic position and ontogeny varied among species, with the most marked differences evident between species from different functional groups. Activity-level-based functional group and individual body size are best explained by cephalopod trophic positions (marginal R2 = 0.43). Our results suggest that the morphological traits used to infer activity level, such as fin-to-mantle length ratio, fin musculature and mantle musculature are strong predictors of cephalopod trophic allometries. Contrary to established theory, not all cephalopods are voracious predators. Low activity level cephalopods have a distinct feeding mode, with low trophic positions and little-to-no ontogenetic increases. Given the important role of cephalopods in marine ecosystems, distinct feeding modes could have important consequences for energy pathways and ecosystem structure and function. These findings will facilitate trait-based and other model estimates of cephalopod abundance in the changing global ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran J Murphy
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Gretta T Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Shane A Richards
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | | | - Iain M Suthers
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason D Everett
- School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Rowan Trebilco
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia.,CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Julia L Blanchard
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
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