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Deng Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Xue X, Wan Y. Akkermansia muciniphila isolated from forest musk deer ameliorates diarrhea in mice via modification of gut microbiota. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38828754 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The forest musk deer, a rare fauna species found in China, is famous for its musk secretion which is used in selected Traditional Chinese medicines. However, over-hunting has led to musk deer becoming an endangered species, and their survival is also greatly challenged by various high incidence and high mortality respiratory and intestinal diseases such as septic pneumonia and enteritis. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Akkermannia muciniphila (AKK) is a promising probiotic, and we wondered whether AKK could be used as a food additive in animal breeding programmes to help prevent intestinal diseases. METHODS We isolated one AKK strain from musk deer feces (AKK-D) using an improved enrichment medium combined with real-time PCR. After confirmation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a series of in vitro tests was conducted to evaluate the probiotic effects of AKK-D by assessing its reproductive capability, simulated gastrointestinal fluid tolerance, acid and bile salt resistance, self-aggregation ability, hydrophobicity, antibiotic sensitivity, hemolysis, harmful metabolite production, biofilm formation ability, and bacterial adhesion to gastrointestinal mucosa. RESULTS The AKK-D strain has a probiotic function similar to that of the standard strain in humans (AKK-H). An in vivo study found that AKK-D significantly ameliorated symptoms in the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced murine diarrhea model. AKK-D improved organ damage, inhibited inflammatory responses, and improved intestinal barrier permeability. Additionally, AKK-D promoted the reconstitution and maintenance of the homeostasis of gut microflora, as indicated by the fact that AKK-D-treated mice showed a decrease in Bacteroidetes and an increase in the proportion of other beneficial bacteria like Muribaculaceae, Muribaculum, and unclassified f_Lachnospiaceae compared with the diarrhea model mice. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data show that this novel AKK-D strain might be a potential probiotic for use in musk deer breeding, although further extensive systematic research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing Technology of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaochang Xue
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Shaanxi Institute of Microbiology, Xi'an, China
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He CF, Xiong W, Li XF, Jiang GZ, Zhang L, Liu ZS, Liu WB. The P4' Peptide-Carrying Bacillus subtilis in Cottonseed Meal Improves the Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Innate Immunity, Redox Defense, and Growth Performance. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:3147505. [PMID: 38374819 PMCID: PMC10876306 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3147505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
This study developed a recombinant Bacillus subtilis to carry the LGSPDVIVIR peptide (cmP4) isolated from the hydrolyzed products of cottonseed meal with excellent antioxidant and immune-enhancing properties in vitro. It was carried as a tandem of five cmP4 peptides (cmP4') to be stably expressed on a large scale. Then, its effectiveness was evaluated in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) based on growth performance, redox defense, and innate immunity. A total of 280 crabs (mean body weight: 41.40 ± 0.14) were randomly assigned to seven diets including a control one (without B. subtilis) and six experimental ones with different doses (107,108, and 109 CFU/kg) of unmodified and recombinant B. subtilis, respectively, for 12 weeks. Each diet was tested in four tanks of crabs (10/tank). In terms of bacterial dosages, the final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), hemolymph and hepatopancreatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lysosome (LZM), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and hepatopancreatic transcriptions of cat, mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtmnsod), thioredoxin-1 (trx1), and prophenoloxidase (propo) all increased significantly with increasing B. subtilis dosages, while hemolymph and hepatopancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the transcriptions of toll like receptors (tlrs), NF-κB-like transcription factor (relish), and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (litaf) all decreased remarkably. In terms of bacterial species, the recombinant B. subtilis group obtained significantly high values of FW, WG, hemolymph, and hepatopancreatic activities of SOD, CAT, LZM, ACP, and AKP, and the transcriptions of mtmnsod, peroxiredoxin 6 (prx6), and propo compared with the unmodified B. subtilis, while opposite results were noted in hemolymph and hepatopancreatic MDA content and the transcriptions of tlrs, relish, and litaf. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 109 CFU/kg of recombinant B. subtilis can improve the growth performance, redox defense, and nonspecific immunity of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Shang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wu X, Yang W, Cheng JG, Luo Y, Fu WL, Zhou L, Wu J, Wang Y, Zhong ZJ, Yang ZX, Yao XP, Ren MS, Li YM, Liu J, Ding H, Chen JN. Molecular cloning, prokaryotic expression and its application potential evaluation of interferon (IFN)-ω of forest musk deer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10625. [PMID: 37391585 PMCID: PMC10313714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) are currently a threatened species under conservation, and the development of captive populations is restricted by health problems. To evaluate the application potential of interferon (IFN)-ω in the prevention and control of forest musk deer disease, 5 forest musk deer IFN-ω (fmdIFNω) gene sequences were successfully obtained by homologous cloning method for the first time. FmdIFNω5 was selected and recombinant fmdIFNω protein (rIFNω) was successfully expressed by pGEX-6P-1 plasmid and E. coli expression system. The obtained protein was used to stimulate forest musk deer lung fibroblasts cells FMD-C1 to determine its regulatory effect on interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In addition, an indirect ELISA method based on anti-rIFNω serum was established to detect endogenous IFN-ω levels in 8 forest musk deer. The results showed that there were 18 amino acid differences among the 5 fmdIFNω subtypes, all of which had the basic structure to exert the activity of type I IFN and were close to Cervus elaphus IFN-ω in the phylogenetic tree. The protein expressed was 48 kDa, and the transcription levels of all ISGs were increased in FMD-C1 cells stimulated by rIFNω, and the amount of transcription accumulation was time-dependent. Meanwhile, Anti-rIFNω serum of mice could react with both rIFNω and forest musk deer serum, and the OD450nm value of forest musk deer serum with the most obvious symptoms was the highest, suggesting that the level of natural IFN-ω in different forest musk deer could be monitored by the rIFNω-based ELISA method. These results indicate that fmdIFNω has the potential as an antiviral drug and an early indication of innate immunity, which is of great significance for the prevention and control of forest musk deer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian-Guo Cheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Wen-Long Fu
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Dujiangyan, 611830, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ze-Xiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue-Ping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mei-Shen Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Meng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Nan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan Province, China
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Gong R, Song S, Ai Y, Wang S, Dong X, Ren Z, Xie H, Jiang B, Zhao L. Exploring the growing forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) dietary protein requirement based on gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124163. [PMID: 36970665 PMCID: PMC10033606 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to assess the appropriate dietary protein level of the forest musk deer (FMD), as nutritional needs are unclear. The microbiome in gastrointestinal tracts plays an important role in regulating nutrient utilization, absorption and host growth or development. Thus, we aimed to evaluate growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microbiome of growing FMD supplied with different protein levels of diets. Eighteen 6-month-old male FMD with an initial weight 5.0 ± 0.2 kg were used in a 62-day trial. The animals were randomly distributed to three groups, the dietary crude protein (CP) level was 11.51% (L), 13.37% (M), and 15.48% (H). The results showed that the CP digestibility decreased as dietary CP level increased (p < 0.01). Compared with group L and H, FMD in M group has higher average daily gain, feed efficiency and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. For the fecal bacterial community, the percentage of Firmicutes was increased, Bacteroidetes was decreased and the diversity of microbiota significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with the increasing of dietary protein. The proportion of Ruminococcaceae_005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae were significantly increased wtih rising CP, the proportions of Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were significantly decrease nevertheless at the genus level. The higher abundance of f_Prevotellaceae and g_Prevotellaceae_UCG_004 were found at M group by LEfSe analysis. The relative abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae was positively correlated with the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05), whereas Family_XIII_AD3011_group was negatively correlated with feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). The UPGMA tree showed L and M groups were closer in clustering relationship, while H group was clustered separately into a branch, which indicated that the bacterial structure had changed greatly with protein level increased from 13.37 to 15.48%. Overall, our results indicated that the optimum dietary CP for the growing FMD was 13.37%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguang Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengjie Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaotian Ai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianggui Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhanjun Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanjun Ren,
| | - Hui Xie
- Qinba Ecological Protection Center of Chenggu County, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Benmo Jiang
- Baoji Fengchun Forest Musk Breeding Base, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Shaanxi Shenglinyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Baoji, Shaanxi, China
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Varada VV, Kumar S, Chhotaray S, Tyagi AK. Host-specific probiotics feeding influence growth, gut microbiota, and fecal biomarkers in buffalo calves. AMB Express 2022; 12:118. [PMID: 36103095 PMCID: PMC9475018 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study is aimed to evaluate the effect of host-specific probiotics on the gut microbiome, performance, and select fecal biomarkers of gut health in preruminant buffalo calves. Eight Murrah buffalo calves (3–5 days old; 32.52 ± 0.43 kg average body weight (BW)) were randomly allocated into two groups as follows; 1) Group I (n = 4) fed basal diet alone (CON); 2) Group II (n = 4) supplemented with a lyophilized probiotic formulation at a dose rate of 1 g/day/head (1 × 109 CFU/g) having Limosilactobacillus reuteri BF-E7 and Ligilactobacillus salivarius BF-17 along with basal diet (PF) for 30 days. Results revealed that final BW (kg), average daily gain (g/day), average dry matter intake (g/day), and structural growth measurements were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the probiotics supplemented group (PF) compared to the control (CON). Fecal pH, fecal moisture, and fecal score were reduced (P < 0.05) in PF than in CON. Moreover, levels of fecal propionate, lactate, and ammonia altered positively in PF compared with CON. The relative abundance of Firmicutes tended to be higher (P = 0.10) in the probiotics fed group than CON. However, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly lower (P = 0.03) for calves fed probiotics on day 15. A trend was observed in Bacteroides (P = 0.07) and Lactobacillus (P = 0.08) abundances in the feces of the PF than in CON. Overall, it can be concluded that the administration of probiotic formulations significantly improved the performance and gut health of buffalo calves via modulating the gut microbiota composition.
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Tang S, Xie J, Fang W, Wen X, Yin C, Meng Q, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. Chronic heat stress induces the disorder of gut transport and immune function associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress in growing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 11:228-241. [PMID: 36263409 PMCID: PMC9556788 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Massounga Bora AF, Li X, Liu L, Zhang X. Enhanced In Vitro Functionality and Food Application of Lactobacillus acidophilus Encapsulated in a Whey Protein Isolate and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Conjugate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11074-11084. [PMID: 34499505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential of free radical grafting conjugation of whey protein isolate (WPI) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), followed by freeze-drying, for the safe delivery of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) upon digestion and in food systems. WPI-EGCG-LA microspheres presented higher encapsulation efficiency (97%) than native WPI-LA (70%) and maltodextrin (MD-LA 75%). The physicochemical characteristics of all microspheres, including moisture content, water activity, and hygroscopicity, were within the acceptable range for the stability of industrial powders. Scanning electron microscopy of WPI-EGCG-LA revealed a glass-like structure, with a smoother and less porous surface area than WPI-LA and MD-LA, as a result of the strong binding affinity between WPIs and EGCG. Particle sizes ranged from 438.4 to 453.3 μm. The structural stability of WPI-EGCG-LA was further confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectra, which revealed some changes in the protein secondary structure. Thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that WPI-EGCG conjugates had higher thermal stability than native WPIs and MD. Additionally, cells encapsulated in WPI-EGCG conjugates demonstrated higher in vitro survivability and surface hydrophobicity compared to free or WPI- and MD-encapsulated cells. Furthermore, WPI-EGCG-LA microspheres exerted enhanced in vitro antioxidant (78%) and antidiabetic (52%) activities. Finally, the WPI-EGCG conjugates remarkably improved probiotic viability (8.55 ± 0.1 log cfu/g) during 30 days of storage in an apple juice drink of pH (3.2 ± 0.01). Hence, the WPI-EGCG conjugate represents a propitious carrier to enhance probiotic functional properties upon digestion and during storage in low-pH food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awa Fanny Massounga Bora
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- Food College, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang Dist, 150030 Harbin, China
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Ren Z, Yu D, Zhao W, Luo Y, Cheng J, Wang Y, Yang Z, Yao X, Yang W, Wu X, Li Y. Investigation and molecular identification of Eimeria sp. sampled from captive forest musk deer. PeerJ 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) is an endangered, protected species in China. Intestinal coccidiosis is a significant problem for captive forest musk deer. However, there are few reports on the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Eimeria sp. in forest musk deer. We sought to investigate the prevalence of Eimeria sp. in forest musk deer in the Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces in China. We also investigated the molecular characteristics of Eimeria sp. by analyzing the 18S rRNA gene. We collected a total of 328 fecal samples from forest musk deer on seven farms throughout the Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces. We extracted this parasite’s DNA and used this as a template for nested PCR amplification. The 18S rRNA gene fragment was associated with the plasmid vector, and these products were introduced into Escherichia coli (DH5α). The cultured bacterial solution was used as a PCR reaction template for identification purposes. We collected 328 fecal samples from forest musk deer in Lixian (n = 54), Maoxian (n = 52), Ma’erkang (n = 49), Dujiangyan (n = 55), Hanyuan (n = 41), Luding (n = 36) and Weinan (n = 41). One hundred ninety-eight (60.37%) fecal samples tested positive for Eimeria sp. . In our analysis of the 18S rRNA gene we found 34 types of Eimeria sp. with a similarity of 90.5–100%. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the parasite’s 18S rRNA gene sequence. Our findings indicated that the Eimeria sp. that parasitized the intestinal tract of forest musk deer was closely related to Eimeria alabamensis from Bos taurus and Eimeria ahsata from Ovis aries. To the best of our knowledge, ours was the first investigation and molecular identification of Eimeria sp. sampled from captive forest musk deer in China. Our results provide epidemiological data for the monitoring and prevention of Eimeria sp. in captive forest musk deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yimeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
The results of the use of probiotic strains of microorganisms of the Bacillus family for the correction and formation of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and the impact on metabolism in calves are presented.
The aim of the study. To analyze the effect of probiotics on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract in calves and biochemical parameters of blood in calves up to one month.
Materials and methods. The research was conducted during 2020 in the conditions of Ukrainian farms for cattle breeding. Five experimental groups of five one-week-old calves were formed in each and one control group. Calves were kept separately in the same conditions on the same diet, but with feeding together with colostrum substitute probiotics of five grams per animal: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus. The strains are deposited and produced by “Kronos Agro” Ukraine.
Results. It was found that as a result of studies when feeding calves B. coagulans, B. pumilus and B. mucilaginosus the number of Lactobacillus sp. was 80 % higher than in the control group. The level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal values. Animals in the group where B. mucilaginosus was given had a higher amount of Candida - up to 300 CFU/g and Enterobacteriaceae – 200 CFU/g; which is 50 % less compared to control groups, but more than in the experiment with B. coagulans. According to the results of biochemical examination of blood serum in calves, the absence of toxic effects of probiotic strains: Bacillus amyloliquefaciense, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus pumilus on the internal organs of animals was established.
Conclusions. It was found that the maximum positive effect on the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of calves up to 30 days of age had B. coagulans (1×109) when fed at a dose of 5 g per animal. The amount of Lactobacillus sp. was the maximum and reached 800 CFU/g, which is 80 % more than in the control group. At the same time, the level of opportunistic pathogens in the experimental group with B. coagulans had minimal indicators and was: Clostridium by 20 %, Escherichia coli – by 70 %, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Candida – 100 % less than the control.
In the study of biochemical parameters, it was found that the activity of enzymes, protein and glucose levels in the serum of experimental animals fed with B. coagulans were within the physiological norm, indicating a normal metabolic process and no toxic effects.
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Zhao W, Ren Z, Luo Y, Cheng J, Wang J, Wang Y, Yang Z, Yao X, Zhong Z, Yang W, Wu X. Metagenomics analysis of the gut microbiome in healthy and bacterial pneumonia forest musk deer. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:43-53. [PMID: 33428153 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii) is an threatened species in China. Bacterial pneumonia was found to seriously restrict the development of FMD captive breeding. Historical evidence has demonstrated the relationship between immune system and intestinal Lactobacillus in FMD. OBJECTIVE We sought to elucidate the differences in the gut microbiota of healthy and bacterial pneumonia FMD. METHODS The bacterial pneumonia FMD was demonstrated by bacterial and pathological diagnosis, and the gut microbiome of healthy and bacterial pneumonia FMD was sequenced and analysed. RESULTS There are three pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus equinus and Trueperella pyogenes) isolated from the bacterial pneumonia FMD individuals. Compared with the healthy group, the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the pneumonia group was changed, and a high level of Proteobacteria was found in the pneumonia group. In addition, a higher abundance of Acinetobacter (p = 0.01) was observed in the population of the pneumonia group compared with the healthy group. Several potentially harmful bacteria and disease-related KEGG subsystems were only found in the gut of the bacterial pneumonia group. Analysis of KEGG revealed that many genes related to type IV secretion system, type IV pilus, lipopolysaccharide export system, HTH-type transcriptional regulator/antitoxin MqsA, and ArsR family transcriptional regulator were significantly enriched in the metagenome of the bacterial pneumonia FMD. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the gut microbiome was significantly altered in the bacterial pneumonia group. Overall, our research improves the understanding of the potential role of the gut microbiota in the FMD bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianguo Cheng
- Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu L, Guo S, Chen X, Yang S, Deng X, Tu M, Tao Y, Xiang W, Rao Y. Metabolic profiles of Lactobacillus paraplantarum in biofilm and planktonic states and investigation of its intestinal modulation and immunoregulation in dogs. Food Funct 2021; 12:5317-5332. [PMID: 34015803 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00905b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics has recently become a considerably promising research area. The most advanced fourth-generation probiotics involve beneficial bacteria enclosed in biofilms. However, differences in the effects of probiotics in biofilm and those in planktonic states are, as yet, unclear. In this study, it was ascertained that the biofilm mode of Lactobacillus paraplantarum L-ZS9 had a comparatively higher density and stronger resistance. Untargeted metabolomics analysis suggested a significant distinction between planktonic and biofilm cells, with amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism both more active in the biofilm mode. Furthermore, the in vivo experiment showed that the biofilm strain displayed better immunomodulation activity, which could increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestinal microbiota of dogs. The relative abundance of intestinal microbiota participating in carbohydrate metabolism was higher in the biofilm probiotic-treated dogs. Correlation analysis between L-ZS9-producing metabolites, dog intestinal microbiome diversity and dog blood immune indexes (sIgA or IgG) revealed the interaction between these three components, which might explain the mechanisms by which biofilm L-ZS9 regulated the intestinal microbiome and immunity activity of the host, through the production of various metabolites. Findings of this study will, thus, enhance understanding of the beneficial effects of biofilm probiotics, as well as provide references for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Shuyu Guo
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Shuhui Yang
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Xi Deng
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Mingxia Tu
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Yufei Tao
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Wenliang Xiang
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
| | - Yu Rao
- School of food science and bioengineering, Xihua University, Hongguang Street, Pidu District, Chengdu, 610039, China.
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