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He W, Chai J, Xie R, Wu Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wu Z, Li M, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Tang H, Wang X. The Effects of a New Citrus Rootstock Citrus junos cv. Shuzhen No. 1 on Performances of Ten Hybrid Citrus Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:794. [PMID: 38592823 PMCID: PMC10976021 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The importance of rootstock in citrus production lies in its crucial role in determining tree growth, environmental stress tolerance, and fruit quality. Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka cv. Shuzhen No. 1, a recently developed rootstock, demonstrates excellent graft compatibility and abiotic stress tolerance. The objective of this study was to assess ten hybrid citrus cultivars grafted onto two C. junos rootstock selections, with the aim of determining the potential for industrial utilization of the new citrus rootstock. All graft junctions are mature and well established. Vigorous growth characterized all ten citrus cultivars on Shuzhen No. 1, with the largest tree's height reaching 280.33 cm (Wogan scion) and the widest scion's diameter being 67.52 cm (Chunjian scion). However, the scion-to-rootstock diameter ratio was the lowest at 0.62 (Chunxiang scion). C. junos rootstock selections significantly affected fruit weight (five of ten scions) and fruit color (seven of ten scions) but had negligible impact on peel thickness (nine of ten scions). Furthermore, rootstock type had a significant influence on fruit quality. In conclusion, our findings indicate strong graft compatibility between all scions and C. junos rootstocks, which can impact overall size and fruit quality. Based on these results, Shuzhen No. 1 is recommended as a valuable citrus rootstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiufeng Chai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Rui Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (W.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (Z.W.); (M.L.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
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Wang T, Zheng Z, Deng L, Li W, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Sun G, He S, Wang J, Wang Z, Xiong B. Effect of Natural Variation and Rootstock on Fruit Quality and Volatile Organic Compounds of ' Kiyomi tangor' ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) Citrus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16810. [PMID: 38069133 PMCID: PMC10706780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the fruit quality and color of 'Kiyomi' (WT) and its mutant (MT) grafted on Ziyang xiangcheng (Cj) (WT/Cj, MT/Cj), and the MT grafted on Trifoliate orange (Pt) (MT/Pt). The differences in sugar, organic acid, flavonoids, phenols, and volatile substances of the three materials were also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The results showed significant differences in the appearance of WT/Cj, MT/Cj, and MT/Pt. MT/Pt, compared to WT/Cj, MT/Cj, had lower sugar, acid, phenol and flavonoid contents in the pulp. However, MT/Pt pulp was higher in vitamin C (VC), and the peel had significantly higher total phenol and flavonoid contents. In terms of pulp, WT/Cj had the greatest diversity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). 4-methyl-1-pentanol was significantly higher in MT/Cj pulp, while MT/Pt pulp had a unique octanoic acid, methyl ester. VOCs were more diverse in the peels of the three materials. β-Myrcene and valencen were significantly higher in MT/Cj peels. In contrast, 16 unique VOCs were detected in MT/Pt, and D-limonene content was significantly higher than in WT/Cj and MT/Cj. The results suggest Trifoliate orange is a suitable rootstock for MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhendong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lijun Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weijia Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ya Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mingfei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Siya He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Hayat F, Li J, Iqbal S, Peng Y, Hong L, Balal RM, Khan MN, Nawaz MA, Khan U, Farhan MA, Li C, Song W, Tu P, Chen J. A Mini Review of Citrus Rootstocks and Their Role in High-Density Orchards. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2876. [PMID: 36365327 PMCID: PMC9656899 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfing is an important agricultural trait for intensive cultivation and effective orchard management in modern fruit orchards. Commercial citrus production relies on grafting with rootstocks that reduce tree vigor to control plant height. Citrus growers all over the world have been attracted to dwarfing trees because of their potential for higher planting density, increased productivity, easy harvest, pruning, and efficient spraying. Dwarfing rootstocks can be used to achieve high density. As a result, the use and development of dwarfing rootstocks are important. Breeding programs in several countries have led to the production of citrus dwarf rootstocks. For example, the dwarfing rootstocks 'Flying Dragon', 'FA 517', 'HTR-051', 'US-897', and 'Red tangerine' cultivated in various regions allow the design of dense orchards. Additionally, dwarf or short-stature trees were obtained using interstocks, citrus dwarfing viroid (CDVd) and various chemical applications. This review summarizes what is known about dwarf citrus rootstocks and the mechanisms underlying rootstock-scion interactions. Despite advances in recent decades, many questions regarding rootstock-induced scion development remain unanswered. Citrus rootstocks with dwarfing potential have been investigated regarding physiological aspects, hormonal communication, mineral uptake capacity, and horticultural performance. This study lays the foundation for future research into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying citrus dwarfing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Yang Peng
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Leming Hong
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Rashad Mukhtar Balal
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ummara Khan
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | | | - Caiqing Li
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Wenpei Song
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Jiezhong Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes Involved in Tangor ( Citrus reticulata × Citrus sinensis) Fruit Development and Quality Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105457. [PMID: 35628266 PMCID: PMC9141862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tangor, an important citrus type, is a hybrid of orange and mandarin and possesses their advantageous characteristics. Fruit quality is an important factor limiting the development of the citrus industry and highly depends on fruit development and ripening programs. However, fruit development and quality formation have not been completely explored in mandarin-orange hybrids. We sequenced the metabolome and transcriptome of three mandarin-orange hybrid cultivars at the early fruiting [90 days after full bloom (DAFB)], color change (180 DAFB), and ripening (270 DAFB) stages. Metabolome sequencing was performed to preliminarily identify the accumulation patterns of primary and secondary metabolites related to fruit quality and hormones regulating fruit development. Transcriptome analysis showed that many genes related to primary metabolism, secondary metabolism, cell wall metabolism, phytohormones, and transcriptional regulation were up-regulated in all three cultivars during fruit development and ripening. Additionally, multiple key genes were identified that may play a role in sucrose, citric acid and flavonoid accumulation, cell wall modification, and abscisic acid signaling, which may provide a valuable resource for future research on enhancement of fruit quality of hybrid citrus. Overall, this study provides new insights into the molecular basis of pulp growth and development regulation and fruit quality formation in mandarin-orange hybrids.
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Characterization of Soluble Sugar Content, Related Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression in the Fruits of ‘Minihyang’ Mandarin on Different Rootstocks. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
‘Minihyang’ mandarin bears fruits with small size and high sugar content. ‘Minihyang’ mandarin grafted on trifoliate orange (TO) tends to be vigorous and develops water sprout open. It is associated with insufficient floral differentiation and fruit set. Recently, the use of Flying Dragon (FD) as rootstock with a high dwarf effect has been proposed to improve this situation. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two different rootstock genotypes on tree growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. As a result of the study, in FD, tree vigor was stably maintained, fruit size was large, and the sugar content was high compared to the TO. Fructose, glucose, and sucrose of fruit continued to increase from development to maturity. In particular, fructose and sucrose were significantly higher in the fruits of the FD than those in TO at 150 and 220 days after anthesis. The total sugar content was also significantly higher in the fruit of the FD. The activities of SPS and SS associated with sucrose synthesis tended to be increased during the fruit maturity season, but there was no significant difference between the two rootstocks. On the other hand, the activities of SS and AI breaking down sucrose were high in FD at 150 and 220 days after anthesis. These results suggest that the unloading of sucrose might be increased and affect the sugar content. However, the results of real-time PCR analysis of gene expression related to sucrose metabolism did not show an association with changes in enzyme activity affecting sugar content. Therefore, further detailed studies on the process after the regulation of gene expression are likely to be needed.
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Nam SH, Cho HS, Jeong H, Lee BB, Cho YS, Rameeza F, Eun JB. Physiochemical properties, dietary fibers, and functional characterization of three yuzu cultivars at five harvesting times. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:117-127. [PMID: 33552623 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focused on physiochemical and nutritional properties and functional characterization of three cultivars of yuzu-Native, Tadanishiki yuzu, and Namhae1-during different seasons. According to the cultivar and harvest time, yuzu cultivars were analyzed for free sugar, dietary fiber, hesperidin, naringin, and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant and antihypertensive activity. During November, Namhae1 exhibited the highest fruit weight, °Brix/acidity ratio, and total dietary fiber content. Tadanishiki contained the highest fructose and sucrose levels, pectin and cellulose contents, and soluble dietary fiber. Tadanishiki also had the highest hesperidin content in October, while the naringin content and antioxidant activity were the greatest in November. Antihypertensive activity was also the strongest for Tadanishiki, which was picked in October and November. These results indicated that Tadanishiki in October or November was the best for consumption or favorable processing because of its excellent product quality and high levels of nutritional and functional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Nam
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Cho
- Fruit Research Institute of Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, 59021 Jeonnam Korea
| | - Hana Jeong
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Bo-Bae Lee
- Fruit Research Institute of Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, 59021 Jeonnam Korea
| | - Youn-Sup Cho
- Fruit Research Institute of Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, 59021 Jeonnam Korea
| | - Fatima Rameeza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
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