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Hiis EG, Vick SHW, Molstad L, Røsdal K, Jonassen KR, Winiwarter W, Bakken LR. Unlocking bacterial potential to reduce farmland N 2O emissions. Nature 2024; 630:421-428. [PMID: 38811724 PMCID: PMC11168931 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Farmed soils contribute substantially to global warming by emitting N2O (ref. 1), and mitigation has proved difficult2. Several microbial nitrogen transformations produce N2O, but the only biological sink for N2O is the enzyme NosZ, catalysing the reduction of N2O to N2 (ref. 3). Although strengthening the NosZ activity in soils would reduce N2O emissions, such bioengineering of the soil microbiota is considered challenging4,5. However, we have developed a technology to achieve this, using organic waste as a substrate and vector for N2O-respiring bacteria selected for their capacity to thrive in soil6-8. Here we have analysed the biokinetics of N2O reduction by our most promising N2O-respiring bacterium, Cloacibacterium sp. CB-01, its survival in soil and its effect on N2O emissions in field experiments. Fertilization with waste from biogas production, in which CB-01 had grown aerobically to about 6 × 109 cells per millilitre, reduced N2O emissions by 50-95%, depending on soil type. The strong and long-lasting effect of CB-01 is ascribed to its tenacity in soil, rather than its biokinetic parameters, which were inferior to those of other strains of N2O-respiring bacteria. Scaling our data up to the European level, we find that national anthropogenic N2O emissions could be reduced by 5-20%, and more if including other organic wastes. This opens an avenue for cost-effective reduction of N2O emissions for which other mitigation options are lacking at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G Hiis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Silas H W Vick
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lars Molstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Kristine Røsdal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Lars R Bakken
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
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2
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Driscoll C, Milford JB, Henze DK, Bell MD. Atmospheric reduced nitrogen: Sources, transformations, effects, and management. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2024; 74:362-415. [PMID: 38819428 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2342765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Human activities have increased atmospheric emissions and deposition of oxidized and reduced forms of nitrogen, but emission control programs have largely focused on oxidized nitrogen. As a result, in many regions of the world emissions of oxidized nitrogen are decreasing while emissions of reduced nitrogen are increasing. Emissions of reduced nitrogen largely originate from livestock waste and fertilizer application, with contributions from transportation sources in urban areas. Observations suggest a discrepancy between trends in emissions and deposition of reduced nitrogen in the U.S., likely due to an underestimate in emissions. In the atmosphere, ammonia reacts with oxides of sulfur and nitrogen to form fine particulate matter that impairs health and visibility and affects climate forcings. Recent reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides have limited partitioning with ammonia, decreasing long-range transport. Continuing research is needed to improve understanding of how shifting emissions alter formation of secondary particulates and patterns of transport and deposition of reactive nitrogen. Satellite remote sensing has potential for monitoring atmospheric concentrations and emissions of ammonia, but there remains a need to maintain and strengthen ground-based measurements and continue development of chemical transport models. Elevated nitrogen deposition has decreased plant and soil microbial biodiversity and altered the biogeochemical function of terrestrial, freshwater, and coastal ecosystems. Further study is needed on differential effects of oxidized versus reduced nitrogen and pathways and timescales of ecosystem recovery from elevated nitrogen deposition. Decreases in deposition of reduced nitrogen could alleviate exceedances of critical loads for terrestrial and freshwater indicators in many U.S. areas. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency should consider using critical loads as a basis for setting standards to protect public welfare and ecosystems. The U.S. and other countries might look to European experience for approaches to control emissions of reduced nitrogen from agricultural and transportation sectors.Implications: In this Critical Review we synthesize research on effects, air emissions, environmental transformations, and management of reduced forms of nitrogen. Emissions of reduced nitrogen affect human health, the structure and function of ecosystems, and climatic forcings. While emissions of oxidized forms of nitrogen are regulated in the U.S., controls on reduced forms are largely absent. Decreases in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides coupled with increases in ammonia are shifting the gas-particle partitioning of ammonia and decreasing long-range atmospheric transport of reduced nitrogen. Effort is needed to understand, monitor, and manage emissions of reduced nitrogen in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jana B Milford
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael D Bell
- Ecologist, National Park Service - Air Resources Division, Boulder, CO, USA
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3
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Hunt KA, Carr AV, Otwell AE, Valenzuela JJ, Walker KS, Dixon ER, Lui LM, Nielsen TN, Bowman S, von Netzer F, Moon JW, Schadt CW, Rodriguez M, Lowe K, Joyner D, Davis KJ, Wu X, Chakraborty R, Fields MW, Zhou J, Hazen TC, Arkin AP, Wankel SD, Baliga NS, Stahl DA. Contribution of Microorganisms with the Clade II Nitrous Oxide Reductase to Suppression of Surface Emissions of Nitrous Oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7056-7065. [PMID: 38608141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The sources and sinks of nitrous oxide, as control emissions to the atmosphere, are generally poorly constrained for most environmental systems. Initial depth-resolved analysis of nitrous oxide flux from observation wells and the proximal surface within a nitrate contaminated aquifer system revealed high subsurface production but little escape from the surface. To better understand the environmental controls of production and emission at this site, we used a combination of isotopic, geochemical, and molecular analyses to show that chemodenitrification and bacterial denitrification are major sources of nitrous oxide in this subsurface, where low DO, low pH, and high nitrate are correlated with significant nitrous oxide production. Depth-resolved metagenomes showed that consumption of nitrous oxide near the surface was correlated with an enrichment of Clade II nitrous oxide reducers, consistent with a growing appreciation of their importance in controlling release of nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Our work also provides evidence for the reduction of nitrous oxide at a pH of 4, well below the generally accepted limit of pH 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A Hunt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alex V Carr
- Department of Molecular Engineering Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Anne E Otwell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Kathleen S Walker
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Emma R Dixon
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Lauren M Lui
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Torben N Nielsen
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel Bowman
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02540, United States
| | - Frederick von Netzer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ji-Won Moon
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Christopher W Schadt
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Kenneth Lowe
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Dominique Joyner
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Katherine J Davis
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Romy Chakraborty
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew W Fields
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Terry C Hazen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Adam P Arkin
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Scott D Wankel
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02540, United States
| | - Nitin S Baliga
- Department of Molecular Engineering Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - David A Stahl
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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4
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Wang X, Wang S, Yang Y, Tian H, Jetten MSM, Song C, Zhu G. Hot moment of N 2O emissions in seasonally frozen peatlands. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:792-802. [PMID: 36864114 PMCID: PMC10203296 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01389-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the start of the Anthropocene, northern seasonally frozen peatlands have been warming at a rate of 0.6 °C per decade, twice that of the Earth's average rate, thereby triggering increased nitrogen mineralization with subsequent potentially large losses of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. Here we provide evidence that seasonally frozen peatlands are important N2O emission sources in the Northern Hemisphere and the thawing periods are the hot moment of annual N2O emissions. The flux during the hot moment of thawing in spring was 1.20 ± 0.82 mg N2O m-2 d-1, significantly higher than that during the other periods (freezing, -0.12 ± 0.02 mg N2O m-2 d-1; frozen, 0.04 ± 0.04 mg N2O m-2 d-1; thawed, 0.09 ± 0.01 mg N2O m-2 d-1) or observed for other ecosystems at the same latitude in previous studies. The observed emission flux is even higher than those of tropical forests, the World's largest natural terrestrial N2O source. Furthermore, based on soil incubation with 15N and 18O isotope tracing and differential inhibitors, heterotrophic bacterial and fungal denitrification was revealed as the main source of N2O in peatland profiles (0-200 cm). Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and qPCR assays further revealed that seasonally frozen peatlands have high N2O emission potential, but thawing significantly stimulates expression of genes encoding N2O-producing protein complexes (hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (hao) and nitric oxide reductase (nor)), resulting in high N2O emissions during spring. This hot moment converts seasonally frozen peatlands into an important N2O emission source when it is otherwise a sink. Extrapolation of our data to all northern peatland areas reveals that the hot moment emissions could amount to approximately 0.17 Tg of N2O yr-1. However, these N2O emissions are still not routinely included in Earth system models and global IPCC assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqin Tian
- Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Boston, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Mike S M Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Changchun Song
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Guibing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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5
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Xu C, Wong VNL, Tuovinen A, Simojoki A. Effects of liming on oxic and anoxic N 2O and CO 2 production in different horizons of boreal acid sulfate soil and non-acid soil under controlled conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159505. [PMID: 36257417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In acid sulfate (AS) soils, organic rich topsoil and subsoil horizons with highly variable acidity and moisture conditions and interconnected reactions of sulfur and nitrogen make them potential sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Subsoil liming can reduce the acidification of sulfidic subsoils in the field. However, the mitigation of GHG production in AS subsoils by liming, and the mechanisms involved, are still poorly known. We limed samples from different horizons of AS and non-AS soils to study the effects of liming on the N2O and CO2 production during a 56-day oxic and subsequent 72-h anoxic incubation. Liming to pH ≥ 7 decreased oxic N2O production by 97-98 % in the Ap1 horizon, 38-50 % in the Bg1 horizon, and 34-36 % in the BC horizon, but increased it by 136-208 % in the C horizon, respectively. Liming decreased anoxic N2O production by 86-94 % and 78-91 % in Ap1 and Bg1 horizons, but increased it by 100-500 % and 50-162 % in BC and C horizons, respectively. Liming decreased N2O/(N2O + N2) in anoxic denitrification in most horizons of both AS and non-AS soils. Liming significantly increased the cumulative oxic and anoxic CO2 production in AS soil, but less so in non-AS soil due to the initial high soil pH. Higher carbon and nitrogen contents in AS soil compared to non-AS soil agreed with the respectively higher cumulative oxic N2O production in all horizons, and the higher CO2 production in the subsoil horizons of all lime treatments. Overall, liming reduced the proportion of N2O in the GHGs produced in most soil horizons under oxic and anoxic conditions but reduced the total GHG production (as CO2 equivalents) only in the Ap1 horizon of both soils. The results suggest that liming of subsoils may not always effectively mitigate GHG emissions due to concurrently increased CO2 production and denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Vanessa N L Wong
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anna Tuovinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56 (Biocenter 1, Viikinkaari 9), FI-00014, Finland
| | - Asko Simojoki
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56 (Biocenter 1, Viikinkaari 9), FI-00014, Finland.
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6
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Singh U, Algren M, Schoeneberger C, Lavallais C, O’Connell MG, Oke D, Liang C, Das S, Salas SD, Dunn JB. Technological avenues and market mechanisms to accelerate methane and nitrous oxide emissions reductions. iScience 2022; 25:105661. [PMID: 36567716 PMCID: PMC9772851 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies targeting methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are critical to meeting global climate targets. Existing literature estimates the emissions of these gases from specific sectors, but this knowledge must be synthesized to prioritize and incentivize CH4 and N2O mitigation. Accordingly, we review emissions sources and mitigation strategies in all key sectors (fuel extraction and combustion, landfilling, agriculture, wastewater treatment, and chemical industry) and the role of carbon markets in reducing emissions. The most accessible reduction opportunities are in the hydrocarbon extraction and waste sectors, where half (>3 Gt-CO2e/year) of the emissions in these sectors could be mitigated at no net cost. In total, 60% of CH4 emissions can be mitigated at less than $50/t-CO2. Expanding the scope of carbon markets to include these emissions could provide cost-effective decarbonization through 2050. We provide recommendations for carbon markets to improve emissions reductions and set prices to appropriately incentivize mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayan Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Mikaela Algren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Carrie Schoeneberger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chayse Lavallais
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Margaret G. O’Connell
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Doris Oke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Santiago D. Salas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer B. Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Corresponding author
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7
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Bleken MA, Rittl TF. Soil pH-increase strongly mitigated N 2O emissions following ploughing of grass and clover swards in autumn: A winter field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154059. [PMID: 35217052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emissions from crop residues contribute largely to the total estimated N2O emissions from agriculture. Since low soil pH increases N2O production by impairing the last denitrification step, liming has been suggested as a mitigation strategy; however, it may also increase N2O emissions by enhancing mineralization and nitrification. To gain field-based empirical knowledge, we measured N2O fluxes with an autonomous field-flux robot in limed and control plots before and after autumn ploughing of 3-year-old grass, clover grass or red clover swards under different N fertilization regimes. Dolomite applied before establishing the swards raised soil pHCaCl2 from ~4.8 to ~5.8 in limed plots. Higher pH halved emissions from ploughed leys despite higher soil mineral N contents. It also reduced emissions before ploughing. We observed substantial N2O fluxes after ploughing, with peaks during a relatively warm wet period after freezing and higher peaks during diurnal snow melt over frozen soil. Average N2O fluxes were strongly positively correlated with high herbage yields in the preceding growing seasons rather than with the presence of clover. The yield-scaled average N2O fluxes were strongest in low pH soils at all yield levels; this was a true effect of soil pH on N2O, as herbage yields were not increased by liming. Here, yield-scaled flux was defined as the average N2O flux after ploughing divided by the dry matter. Fluxes in red clover plots were similar to those in grass plots, despite the lower C/N ratio and higher total amount of N in clover residues. However, clover in mixtures with grass increased yields and N2O emissions. This suggests that higher ley production enhanced microbial activity, including nitrifiers and denitrifiers, and that the pH effect on facilitating complete denitrification to N2 overrode any effect on mineralization and nitrification, thus resulting in N2O mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Azzaroli Bleken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, NMBU, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway.
| | - Tatiana Francischinelli Rittl
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, NMBU, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Norway; Presently Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, 6630 Tingvoll, Norway
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A Dual Enrichment Strategy Provides Soil- and Digestate-Competent Nitrous Oxide-Respiring Bacteria for Mitigating Climate Forcing in Agriculture. mBio 2022; 13:e0078822. [PMID: 35638872 PMCID: PMC9239227 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00788-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulating soil metabolism through heavy inoculation with microbes is feasible if organic wastes can be utilized as the substrate for growth and vector as a fertilizer. This, however, requires organisms active in both digestate and soil (generalists). Here, we present a dual enrichment strategy to enrich and isolate such generalists among N2O-respiring bacteria (NRB) in soil and digestates, to be used as an inoculum for strengthening the N2O-reduction capacity of soils. The enrichment strategy utilizes sequential batch enrichment cultures alternating between sterilized digestate and soil as substrates, with each batch initiated with limited O2 and unlimited N2O. The cultures were monitored for gas kinetics and community composition. As predicted by a Lotka-Volterra competition model, cluster analysis identified generalist operational taxonomic units (OTUs) which became dominant, digestate/soil-specialists which did not, and a majority that were gradually diluted out. We isolated several NRBs circumscribed by generalist OTUs. Their denitrification genes and phenotypes predicted a variable capacity to act as N2O-sinks, while all genomes predicted broad catabolic capacity. The latter contrasts with previous attempts to enrich NRB by anaerobic incubation of unsterilized digestate only, which selected for organisms with a catabolic capacity limited to fermentation products. The two isolates with the most promising characteristics as N2O sinks were aPseudomonas sp. with a full-fledged denitrification-pathway and a Cloacibacterium sp. carrying only N2O reductase (clade II), and soil experiments confirmed their capacity to reduce N2O-emissions from soil. The successful enrichment of NRB with broad catabolic spectra suggests that the concept of dual enrichment should also be applicable for enrichment of generalists with traits other than N2O reduction.
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9
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Swoboda P, Döring TF, Hamer M. Remineralizing soils? The agricultural usage of silicate rock powders: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150976. [PMID: 34662609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil nutrient depletion threatens global food security and has been seriously underestimated for potassium (K) and several micronutrients. This is particularly the case for highly weathered soils in tropical countries, where classical soluble fertilizers are often not affordable or not accessible. One way to replenish macro- and micronutrients are ground silicate rock powders (SRPs). Rock forming silicate minerals contain most nutrients essential for higher plants, yet slow and inconsistent weathering rates have restricted their use in the past. Recent findings, however, challenge past agronomic objections which insufficiently addressed the factorial complexity of the weathering process. This review therefore first presents a framework with the most relevant factors for the weathering of SRPs through which several outcomes of prior studies can be explained. A subsequent analysis of 48 crop trials reveals the potential as alternative K source and multi-nutrient soil amendment for tropical soils, whereas the benefits for temperate soils are currently inconclusive. Beneficial results prevail for mafic and ultramafic rocks like basalts and rocks containing nepheline or glauconite. Several rock modifications are highly efficient in increasing the agronomic effectiveness of SRPs. Enhanced weathering of SRPs could additionally sequester substantial amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere and silicon (Si) supply can induce a broad spectrum of plant biotic and abiotic stress resistance. Recycling massive amounts of rock residues from domestic mining industries could furthermore resolve serious disposal challenges and improve fertilizer self-sufficiency. In conclusion, under the right circumstances, SRPs could not only advance low-cost and regional soil sustaining crop production but contribute to various sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Swoboda
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, International Centre for Sustainable Development, Granthamallee 20, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany.
| | - Thomas F Döring
- University of Bonn, Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Auf dem Hügel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hamer
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, International Centre for Sustainable Development, Granthamallee 20, 53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
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10
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Lee JG, Chae HG, Kim GW, Kim PJ, Cho SR. Cover cropping and its biomass incorporation: Not enough to compensate the negative impact of plastic film mulching on global warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151015. [PMID: 34666093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plastic film mulching (FM) became a general practice to enhance crop productivity and its net primary production (NPP), but it can increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The proper addition of organic amendments might effectively decrease the impact of FM on global warming. To evaluate the feasibility of biomass addition on decreasing this negative influence, cover crop biomass as a green manure was incorporated with different recycling levels (0-100% of aboveground biomass) under FM and no-mulching. The net global warming potential (GWP) which integrated with soil C stock change and GHG (N2O and CH4) fluxes with CO2-equivalent was evaluated during maize cultivation. Under the same biomass incorporation, FM significantly enhanced the grain productivity and NPP of maize by 22-61 and 18-58% over no-mulching, respectively. In contrast, FM also highly increased the respired C loss, which was 11-95% higher than NPP increase, over no-mulching. Irrespective with biomass recycling ratio and mulching system, negative NECB which indicates the decrease of soil C stock was observed, mainly due to big harvest removal. FM decreased more soil C stock by 57-158% over no-mulching, but its C stock was clearly increased with increasing biomass addition. FM significantly increased total N2O and CH4 fluxes by 4-61 and 140-600% over no-mulching, respectively. Soil C stock changes mainly decided net GWP scale, but N2O and CH4 fluxes negligibly influenced. As a result, FM highly increased net GWP over no-mulching, while this net GWP was clearly decreased with increasing biomass application. However, cover cropping, and its biomass recycling was not enough to compensate the negative impact of FM on global warming. Therefore, more biomass incorporation might be essential to compensate this negative effect of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Gu Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School (BK plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea; Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Ho Gyeong Chae
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School (BK plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Gil Won Kim
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School (BK plus program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea; Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
| | - Song Rae Cho
- Division of soil and fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, South Korea.
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11
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Vicca S, Goll DS, Hagens M, Hartmann J, Janssens IA, Neubeck A, Peñuelas J, Poblador S, Rijnders J, Sardans J, Struyf E, Swoboda P, van Groenigen JW, Vienne A, Verbruggen E. Is the climate change mitigation effect of enhanced silicate weathering governed by biological processes? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:711-726. [PMID: 34773318 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A number of negative emission technologies (NETs) have been proposed to actively remove CO2 from the atmosphere, with enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) as a relatively new NET with considerable climate change mitigation potential. Models calibrated to ESW rates in lab experiments estimate the global potential for inorganic carbon sequestration by ESW at about 0.5-5 Gt CO2 year-1 , suggesting ESW could be an important component of the future NETs mix. In real soils, however, weathering rates may differ strongly from lab conditions. Research on natural weathering has shown that biota such as plants, microbes, and macro-invertebrates can strongly affect weathering rates, but biotic effects were excluded from most ESW lab assessments. Moreover, ESW may alter soil organic carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions by influencing physicochemical and biological processes, which holds the potential to perpetuate even larger negative emissions. Here, we argue that it is likely that the climate change mitigation effect of ESW will be governed by biological processes, emphasizing the need to put these processes on the agenda of this emerging research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vicca
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Daniel S Goll
- CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, LSCE/IPSL, Université Paris Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Mathilde Hagens
- Soil Chemistry and Chemical Soil Quality, Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Institute for Geology, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anna Neubeck
- Department of Earth sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Poblador
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jet Rijnders
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF- CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Struyf
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Philipp Swoboda
- International Centre for Sustainable Development, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Sankt Augustin, Germany
| | | | - Arthur Vienne
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Biology Department, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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12
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Lashermes G, Recous S, Alavoine G, Janz B, Butterbach-Bahl K, Ernfors M, Laville P. N 2O emissions from decomposing crop residues are strongly linked to their initial soluble fraction and early C mineralization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150883. [PMID: 34653475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), a strong greenhouse gas, during crop residue decomposition in the soil can offset the benefits of residue recycling. The IPCC inventory considers agricultural N2O emissions proportional to the amount of nitrogen (N) added by residues to soils. However, N2O involves several emission pathways driven directly by the form of N returned and indirectly by changes in the soil induced by decomposition. We investigated the decomposition factors related to N2O emissions under controlled conditions. Residues of sugar beet (SUB), wheat (WHT), rape seed (RAS), potato (POT), pea (PEA), mustard (MUS), red clover (RC), alfalfa (ALF), and miscanthus (MIS), varying by maturity at the time of collection, were incubated in two soils (GRI and SLU) at 15 °C with a water-filled pore space of 60%. The residues contained a wide proportion range of water-soluble components, components soluble in neutral detergent (SOL-NDS), hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Their composition drastically influenced the dynamics of C mineralization and soil ammonium and nitrate and was correlated with N2O flux dynamics. The net cumulative N2O emitted after 60 days originated mostly from MUS (4828 ± 892 g N-N2O ha-1), SUB (2818 ± 314 g N-N2O ha-1) and RC (2567 ± 1245 g N-N2O ha-1); the other residue treatments had much lower emissions (<200 g N-N2O ha-1). For the first time N2O emissions could be explained only by the residue content in the SOL-NDS, according to an exponential relationship. Residues with a high SOL-NDS (>25% DM) were also non-senescent and promoted high N2O emissions (representing 1-5% of applied N), likely directly by nitrification and indirectly by denitrification in microbial hotspots. Crop residue quality appears to be valuable information for accurately predicting N2O emissions and objectively weighing their other potential benefits to agriculture and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaëlle Lashermes
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France.
| | - Sylvie Recous
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Gonzague Alavoine
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Baldur Janz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Maria Ernfors
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biosystems and Technology, P.O. Box 103, SE-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Patricia Laville
- Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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13
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Hergoualc’h K, Mueller N, Bernoux M, Kasimir Ä, van der Weerden TJ, Ogle SM. Improved accuracy and reduced uncertainty in greenhouse gas inventories by refining the IPCC emission factor for direct N 2 O emissions from nitrogen inputs to managed soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:6536-6550. [PMID: 34523777 PMCID: PMC9293294 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most national GHG inventories estimating direct N2 O emissions from managed soils rely on a default Tier 1 emission factor (EF1 ) amounting to 1% of nitrogen inputs. Recent research has, however, demonstrated the potential for refining the EF1 considering variables that are readily available at national scales. Building on existing reviews, we produced a large dataset (n = 848) enriched in dry and low latitude tropical climate observations as compared to former global efforts and disaggregated the EF1 according to most meaningful controlling factors. Using spatially explicit N fertilizer and manure inputs, we also investigated the implications of using the EF1 developed as part of this research and adopted by the 2019 IPCC refinement report. Our results demonstrated that climate is a major driver of emission, with an EF1 three times higher in wet climates (0.014, 95% CI 0.011-0.017) than in dry climates (0.005, 95% CI 0.000-0.011). Likewise, the form of the fertilizer markedly modulated the EF1 in wet climates, where the EF1 for synthetic and mixed forms (0.016, 95% CI 0.013-0.019) was also almost three times larger than the EF1 for organic forms (0.006; 95% CI 0.001-0.011). Other factors such as land cover and soil texture, C content, and pH were also important regulators of the EF1 . The uncertainty associated with the disaggregated EF1 was considerably reduced as compared to the range in the 2006 IPCC guidelines. Compared to estimates from the 2006 IPCC EF1 , emissions based on the 2019 IPCC EF1 range from 15% to 46% lower in countries dominated by dry climates to 7%-37% higher in countries with wet climates and high synthetic N fertilizer consumption. The adoption of the 2019 IPCC EF1 will allow parties to improve the accuracy of emissions' inventories and to better target areas for implementing mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Mueller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of Soil and Crop SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Martial Bernoux
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)RomeItaly
| | | | | | - Stephen M. Ogle
- Department of Ecosystem Science and SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Natural Resource Ecology LaboratoryColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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14
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Liang Z, Elsgaard L. Nitrous oxide fluxes from long-term limed soils following P and glucose addition: Nonlinear response to liming rates and interaction from added P. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:148933. [PMID: 34298361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liming of acidic soils to regulate pH for crop growth may decrease emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) due to direct effects of pH on the synthesis of N2O reductases by denitrifying bacteria. However, liming also changes general pH-dependent soil properties, including availability of phosphorus (P), with a feedback on N2O fluxes that remains largely unknown. Here we used a mesocosm approach to study the combined role of liming and P in regulating N2O fluxes from denitrification in an arable coarse sandy soil where N2O emissions under field condition coincided with rainfall events and irrigation, which facilitated anoxia. Soils from three long-term liming treatments (0, 4, and 12 Mg ha-1) with resulting pH(CaCl2) of 3.6, 4.7 and 6.3 were incubated at original bulk density first at 60% water filled pore space (WFPS) and successively at 75% WFPS with added nitrate, inorganic P (0 and 10 μg P g-1 soil) and glucose as labile carbon. N2O fluxes were measured during 28 days and were supplemented with measurements of CO2 fluxes, microbial biomass, potential denitrification, and acid phosphatase activity. The results showed a nonlinear response of N2O fluxes to liming rates, with highest fluxes at the intermediate liming level (4 Mg ha-1). Furthermore, inorganic P stimulated N2O fluxes only at the intermediate liming level. Assays of potential denitrification indicated that the N2O/(N2O + N2) product ratio decreased consistently with increasing liming rates, but total N2O fluxes responded nonlinearly likely due to combined effects on N2O/(N2O + N2) product ratios and total denitrification rates. The results suggest that liming and P addition interact on microbial properties and N2O emissions from acidic arable soils and may not follow linear trends. This makes it uncertain to predict and model the resulting net effect, which may depend on the actual pH range and P availability from the unlimed to the limed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liang
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE, Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Lars Elsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE, Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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15
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture in EU Countries—State and Perspectives. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Agriculture is one of the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and has great potential for mitigating climate change. The aim of this study is to analyze the amount, dynamics of changes, and structure of GHG emissions from agriculture in the EU in the years 2005–2018. The research based on data about GHG collected by the European Environment Agency. The structure of GHG emissions in 2018 in the EU is as follows: enteric fermentation (45%), agricultural soils (37.8%), manure management (14.7%), liming (1.4%), urea application (1%), and field burning of agricultural residues (0.1%). Comparing 2018 with the base year, 2005, emissions from the agricultural sector decreased by about 2%, which is less than the assumed 10% reduction of GHG emissions in the non-emissions trading system (non-ETS) sector. The ambitious goals set by the EU for 2030 assume a 30% reduction in the non-ETS sector. This will require a significant reduction in GHG emissions from agriculture. Based on the analysis of the GHG emission structure and available reduction techniques, it was calculated that in this period, it should be possible to reduce emissions from agriculture by about 15%.
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16
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Wu YF, Whitaker J, Toet S, Bradley A, Davies CA, McNamara NP. Diurnal variability in soil nitrous oxide emissions is a widespread phenomenon. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4950-4966. [PMID: 34231289 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Manual measurements of nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions with static chambers are commonly practised. However, they generally do not consider the diurnal variability of N2 O flux, and little is known about the patterns and drivers of such variability. We systematically reviewed and analysed 286 diurnal data sets of N2 O fluxes from published literature to (i) assess the prevalence and timing (day or night peaking) of diurnal N2 O flux patterns in agricultural and forest soils, (ii) examine the relationship between N2 O flux and soil temperature with different diurnal patterns, (iii) identify whether non-diurnal factors (i.e. land management and soil properties) influence the occurrence of diurnal patterns and (iv) evaluate the accuracy of estimating cumulative N2 O emissions with single-daily flux measurements. Our synthesis demonstrates that diurnal N2 O flux variability is a widespread phenomenon in agricultural and forest soils. Of the 286 data sets analysed, ~80% exhibited diurnal N2 O patterns, with ~60% peaking during the day and ~20% at night. Contrary to many published observations, our analysis only found strong positive correlations (R > 0.7) between N2 O flux and soil temperature in one-third of the data sets. Soil drainage property, soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) level and land use were also found to potentially influence the occurrence of certain diurnal patterns. Our work demonstrated that single-daily flux measurements at mid-morning yielded daily emission estimates with the smallest average bias compared to measurements made at other times of day, however, it could still lead to significant over- or underestimation due to inconsistent diurnal N2 O patterns. This inconsistency also reflects the inaccuracy of using soil temperature to predict the time of daily average N2 O flux. Future research should investigate the relationship between N2 O flux and other diurnal parameters, such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and root exudation, along with the consideration of the effects of soil moisture, drainage and land use on the diurnal patterns of N2 O flux. The information could be incorporated in N2 O emission prediction models to improve accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk-Faat Wu
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Jeanette Whitaker
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sylvia Toet
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Amy Bradley
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Christian A Davies
- Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Shell Technology Centre Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niall P McNamara
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
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17
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Olaya-Abril A, Hidalgo-Carrillo J, Luque-Almagro VM, Fuentes-Almagro C, Urbano FJ, Moreno-Vivián C, Richardson DJ, Roldán MD. Effect of pH on the denitrification proteome of the soil bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17276. [PMID: 34446760 PMCID: PMC8390676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Denitrification is a respiratory process by which nitrate is reduced to dinitrogen. Incomplete denitrification results in the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide and this is potentiated in acidic soils, which display reduced denitrification rates and high N2O/N2 ratios compared to alkaline soils. In this work, impact of pH on the proteome of the soil denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222 was analysed with nitrate as sole energy and nitrogen source under anaerobic conditions at pH ranging from 6.5 to 7.5. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the highest difference in protein representation was observed when the proteome at pH 6.5 was compared to the reference proteome at pH 7.2. However, this difference in the extracellular pH was not enough to produce modification of intracellular pH, which was maintained at 6.5 ± 0.1. The biosynthetic pathways of several cofactors relevant for denitrification and nitrogen assimilation like cobalamin, riboflavin, molybdopterin and nicotinamide were negatively affected at pH 6.5. In addition, peptide representation of reductases involved in nitrate assimilation and denitrification were reduced at pH 6.5. Data highlight the strong negative impact of pH on NosZ synthesis and intracellular copper content, thus impairing active NosZ assembly and, in turn, leading to elevated nitrous oxide emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Olaya-Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1ª planta, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Víctor M Luque-Almagro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1ª planta, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Fuentes-Almagro
- Servicio Central de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), Unidad de Proteómica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Urbano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Conrado Moreno-Vivián
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1ª planta, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David J Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - María Dolores Roldán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 1ª planta, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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18
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Mander Ü, Tournebize J, Espenberg M, Chaumont C, Torga R, Garnier J, Muhel M, Maddison M, Lebrun JD, Uher E, Remm K, Pärn J, Soosaar K. High denitrification potential but low nitrous oxide emission in a constructed wetland treating nitrate-polluted agricultural run-off. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146614. [PMID: 34030255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CW) can efficiently remove nitrogen from polluted agricultural run-off, however, a potential caveat is nitrous oxide (N2O), a harmful greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone depleter. During five sampling campaigns, we measured N2O fluxes from a 0.53 ha off-stream CW treating nitrate-rich water from the intensively fertilized watershed in Rampillon, France, using automated chambers with a quantum cascade laser system, and manual chambers. Sediment samples were analysed for potential N2 flux using the HeO2 incubation method. Both inlet nitrate (NO3-) concentrations and N2O emission varied significantly between the seasons. In the Autumn and Winter inlet concentrations were about 11 mg NO3--N L-1, and < 6.5 mg NO3--N L-1 in the Spring and Summer. N2O emission was highest in the Autumn (mean ± standard error: 9.7 ± 0.2 μg N m-2 h-1) and lowest in the Summer (wet period: 0.2 ± 0.3 μg N m-2 h-1). The CW was a very weak source of N2O emitting 0.32 kg N2O-N ha-1 yr-1 and removing around 938 kg NO3--N ha-1 yr-1, the ratio of N2O-N emitted to NO3--N removed was 0.033%. The automated and manual chambers gave similar results. From the potential N2O formation in the sediment, only 9% was emitted to the atmosphere, the average N2 N 2O ratio was high: 89:1 for N2-Npotential: N2O-Npotential and 1353:1 for N2-Npotential: N2O-Nemitted. These results indicate complete denitrification. The focused principal component analysis showed strong positive correlation between the gaseous N2O fluxes and the following environmental factors: NO3--N concentrations in inlet water, streamflow, and nitrate reduction rate. Water temperature, TOC and DOC in the water and hydraulic residence time showed negative correlations with N2O emissions. Shallow off-stream CWs such as Rampillon may have good nitrate removal capacity with low N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France.
| | - Julien Tournebize
- UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cedric Chaumont
- UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France
| | - Raili Torga
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Mart Muhel
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Maddison
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jérémie D Lebrun
- UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France
| | - Emmanuelle Uher
- UR 1462 HYCAR, University Paris Saclay, French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE), Antony, France
| | - Kalle Remm
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Pärn
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaido Soosaar
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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19
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Wang Y, Yao Z, Zhan Y, Zheng X, Zhou M, Yan G, Wang L, Werner C, Butterbach-Bahl K. Potential benefits of liming to acid soils on climate change mitigation and food security. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2807-2821. [PMID: 33742490 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, about 50% of all arable soils are classified as acidic. As crop and plant growth are significantly hampered under acidic soil conditions, many farmers, but increasingly as well forest managers, apply lime to raise the soil pH. Besides its direct effect on soil pH, liming also affects soil C and nutrient cycles and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. In this meta-analysis, we reviewed 1570 observations reported in 121 field-based studies worldwide, to assess liming effects on soil GHG fluxes and plant productivity. We found that liming significantly increases crop yield by 36.3%. Also, soil organic C (SOC) stocks were found to increase by 4.51% annually, though soil respiration is stimulated too (7.57%). Moreover, liming was found to reduce soil N2 O emission by 21.3%, yield-scaled N2 O emission by 21.5%, and CH4 emission and yield-scaled CH4 emission from rice paddies by 19.0% and 12.4%, respectively. Assuming that all acid agricultural soils are limed periodically, liming results in a total GHG balance benefit of 633-749 Tg CO2 -eq year-1 due to reductions in soil N2 O emissions (0.60-0.67 Tg N2 O-N year-1 ) and paddy soil CH4 emissions (1.75-2.21 Tg CH4 year-1 ) and increases in SOC stocks (65.7-110 Tg C year-1 ). However, this comes at the cost of an additional CO2 release (c. 624-656 Tg CO2 year-1 ) deriving from lime mining, transport and application, and lime dissolution, so that the overall GHG balance is likely neutral. Nevertheless, liming of acid agricultural soils will increase yields by at least 6.64 × 108 Mg year-1 , covering the food supply of 876 million people. Overall, our study shows for the first time that a general strategy of liming of acid agricultural soils is likely to result in an increasing sustainability of global agricultural production, indicating the potential benefit of liming acid soils for climate change mitigation and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhisheng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guangxuan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Earth System Observation and Modeling, Henan University, Kaifeng, PR China
| | - Christian Werner
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Grossel A, Bourennane H, Ayzac A, Pasquier C, Hénault C. Indirect emissions of nitrous oxide in a cropland watershed with contrasting hydrology in central France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:142664. [PMID: 33601668 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas. Its atmospheric concentration have increased with the industrialisation and the use of N fertilizer. The contribution of freshwater systems to N2O emissions is still very uncertain, while regional transfer of nitrogen depends on soil and hydrology. Riverine and spring N2O dissolved in water was therefore measured over two years in the 3453 km2 Haut-Loir watershed (France). This temperate cropland watershed is characterized by two different hydrological systems east and west of the Loir River. The eastern rivers, fed by the emergence of the deep Beauce aquifer, exhibited significantly higher dissolved N2O concentrations (Beauce region, mean: 2.93 μg-N L-1) than the western rivers (Perche region, mean: 0.87 μg-N L-1), which were largely influenced by runoff during winter flooding. The eastern rivers had large nitrate concentrations all over the year; in the Perche, nitrate underwent a seasonal cycle with large loads during winter floods, but there were no consistent seasonal patterns in N2O. The ratios of N2O in excess of equilibrium on nitrate, often used as a proxy of emission factor (EF), were much smaller than the default IPCC values, both for rivers (0.014% versus 0.25% for IPCC EF5r) and the Loir spring (0.085% versus 0.6% for the IPCC EF5g for groundwater and springs). EF5r were significantly different between the two parts of the watershed only in winter, because of the seasonal variability of NO3-. Moreover dissolved N2O is controlled not only by NO3-, as it is considered in the calculation of the EF5, but also by water pH and dissolved organic carbon. A good prediction of dissolved N2O was obtained using these physicochemical variables and hydrological regions. Thus, these results suggest that the spatial variability of riverine N2O depends on local hydrology, while further research is needed to understand the seasonal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Catherine Hénault
- INRAE, URSOLS, F-45074 Orléans, France; INRAE, UMR Agroécologie, Dijon, France
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Song H, Wang J, Zhang K, Zhang M, Hui R, Sui T, Yang L, Du W, Dong Z. A 4-year field measurement of N 2O emissions from a maize-wheat rotation system as influenced by partial organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110384. [PMID: 32174526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil N2O emissions depend on the status of stoichiometric balance between organic C and inorganic N. As a beneficial management practice to sustain soil fertility and crop productivity, partial substitution of organic fertilizers (OFs) for synthetic fertilizers (SFs) can directly affect this balance status and regulate N2O emissions. However, no multi-year field studies of N2O emissions under different ratios of OFS to SFs have been performed. We conducted a 4-year experiment to measure N2O emissions in a maize-wheat rotation in central China. Six treatments were included: total SF (TS), total OF, no N fertilizer, and ratios of to SF with 1: 2 (LO), 1: 1 (MO), and 2: 1 (HO), based on N content. Two incubation experiments were performed to further interpret the field data. In the first year, cumulative N2O emissions (kg N ha-1) in LO, MO, and HO were 4.59, 4.68, and 3.59, respectively, significantly lower than in TS (6.67). However, from the second year onwards, organic substitution did not reduce N2O emissions and even significantly enhanced them in the fourth year relative to TS. Soil respiration under OF-amended soils increased over the course of the experiment. From the second year onwards, there was no marked difference in mineral N concentrations between OF- and SF-amended soils. OF caused a drop in soil pH. Cumulative N2O was negatively correlated with pH. Long-term organic substitution enhanced N2O emissions produced via denitrification rather than nitrification and resulted in higher temperature sensitivity of N2O emissions than TS. The enhanced N2O emissions from the OF-treated soils were mainly attributable to accelerated OF decomposition, increased denitrification-N2O emissions, and lessened N2O reduction due to lower pH and greater NO3-. These results indicate that OF substitution can reduce N2O emissions in the first year, but in the long-term it can increase emissions, especially as soils warm.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Song
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Manyu Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Rui Hui
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Tianyi Sui
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Wenbin Du
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zhaorong Dong
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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