1
|
Deltas C, Papagregoriou G, Louka SF, Malatras A, Flinter F, Gale DP, Gear S, Gross O, Hoefele J, Lennon R, Miner JH, Renieri A, Savige J, Turner AN. Genetic Modifiers of Mendelian Monogenic Collagen IV Nephropathies in Humans and Mice. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1686. [PMID: 37761826 PMCID: PMC10530214 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hematuria is a clinical sign of a genetically heterogeneous group of conditions, accompanied by broad inter- and intrafamilial variable expressivity. The most frequent condition is caused by pathogenic (or likely pathogenic) variants in the collagen-IV genes, COL4A3/A4/A5. Pathogenic variants in COL4A5 are responsible for the severe X-linked glomerulopathy, Alport syndrome (AS), while homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in the COL4A3 or the COL4A4 gene cause autosomal recessive AS. AS usually leads to progressive kidney failure before the age of 40-years when left untreated. People who inherit heterozygous COL4A3/A4 variants are at-risk of a slowly progressive form of the disease, starting with microscopic hematuria in early childhood, developing Alport spectrum nephropathy. Sometimes, they are diagnosed with benign familial hematuria, and sometimes with autosomal dominant AS. At diagnosis, they often show thin basement membrane nephropathy, reflecting the uniform thin glomerular basement membrane lesion, inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. On a long follow-up, most patients will retain normal or mildly affected kidney function, while a substantial proportion will develop chronic kidney disease (CKD), even kidney failure at an average age of 55-years. A question that remains unanswered is how to distinguish those patients with AS or with heterozygous COL4A3/A4 variants who will manifest a more aggressive kidney function decline, requiring prompt medical intervention. The hypothesis that a subgroup of patients coinherit additional genetic modifiers that exacerbate their clinical course has been investigated by several researchers. Here, we review all publications that describe the potential role of candidate genetic modifiers in patients and include a summary of studies in AS mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Deltas
- School of Medicine, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
- biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Gregory Papagregoriou
- biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Stavroula F. Louka
- biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Apostolos Malatras
- biobank.cy Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus
| | - Frances Flinter
- Clinical Genetics Department, Guy’s & St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel P. Gale
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | | | - Oliver Gross
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WU, UK
| | - Jeffrey H. Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Judy Savige
- Department of Medicine (Melbourne Health and Northern Health), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - A. Neil Turner
- Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Col4a3-/- Mice on Balb/C Background Have Less Severe Cardiorespiratory Phenotype and SGLT2 Over-Expression Compared to 129x1/SvJ and C57Bl/6 Backgrounds. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126674. [PMID: 35743114 PMCID: PMC9223785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary renal disorder with no etiological therapy. In the preclinical Col4a3-/- model of AS, disease progression and severity vary depending on mouse strain. The sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target in cardiac/renal pathologies, but its application to AS remains untested. This study investigates cardiorespiratory function and SGLT2 renal expression in Col4a3-/- mice from three different genetic backgrounds, 129x1/SvJ, C57Bl/6 and Balb/C. male Col4a3-/- 129x1/SvJ mice displayed alterations consistent with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Female, but not male, C57Bl/6 and Balb/C Col4a3-/- mice exhibited mild changes in systolic and diastolic function of the heart by echocardiography. Male C57Bl/6 Col4a3-/- mice presented systolic dysfunction by invasive hemodynamic analysis. All strains except Balb/C males demonstrated alterations in respiratory function. SGLT2 expression was significantly increased in AS compared to WT mice from all strains. However, cardiorespiratory abnormalities and SGLT2 over-expression were significantly less in AS Balb/C mice compared to the other two strains. Systolic blood pressure was significantly elevated only in mutant 129x1/SvJ mice. The results provide further evidence for strain-dependent cardiorespiratory and hypertensive phenotype variations in mouse AS models, corroborated by renal SGLT2 expression, and support ongoing initiatives to develop SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of AS.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kashtan C, Schachter A, Klickstein L, Liu X, Jennings L, Finkel N. Urinary Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Patients With Alport Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:1112-1114. [PMID: 35571002 PMCID: PMC9091606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.01.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Kashtan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Xin Liu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lori Jennings
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nancy Finkel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sasaki H, Sasaki N. Tensin 2-deficient nephropathy - mechanosensitive nephropathy, genetic susceptibility. Exp Anim 2022; 71:252-263. [PMID: 35444113 PMCID: PMC9388341 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensin 2 (TNS2), a focal adhesion protein, is considered to anchor focal adhesion proteins to β integrin as an integrin adaptor protein and/or serve as a scaffold to facilitate the
interactions of these proteins. In the kidney, TNS2 localizes to the basolateral surface of glomerular epithelial cells, i.e., podocytes. Loss of TNS2 leads to the development of glomerular
basement membrane lesions and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix in maturing glomeruli during the early postnatal stages. It subsequently results in podocyte foot process
effacement, eventually leading to glomerulosclerosis. Histopathological features of the affected glomeruli in the middle stage of the disease include expansion of the mesangial matrix
without mesangial cell proliferation. In this review, we provide an overview of TNS2-deficient nephropathy and discuss the potential mechanism underlying this mechanosensitive nephropathy,
which may be applicable to other glomerulonephropathies, such as CD151-deficient nephropathy and Alport syndrome. The onset of TNS2-deficient nephropathy strictly depends on the genetic
background, indicating the presence of critical modifier genes. A better understanding of molecular mechanisms of mechanosensitive nephropathy may open new avenues for the management of
patients with glomerulonephropathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Falcone S, Nicol T, Blease A, Randles MJ, Angus E, Page A, Tam FWK, Pusey CD, Lennon R, Potter PK. A novel model of nephrotic syndrome results from a point mutation in Lama5 and is modified by genetic background. Kidney Int 2022; 101:527-540. [PMID: 34774562 PMCID: PMC8883398 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, edema and hyperlipidaemia. Genetic studies of nephrotic syndrome have led to the identification of proteins playing a crucial role in slit diaphragm signaling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cell-matrix interactions. The laminin α5 chain is essential for embryonic development and, in association with laminin β2 and laminin γ1, is a major component of the glomerular basement membrane, a critical component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Mutations in LAMA5 were recently identified in children with nephrotic syndrome. Here, we have identified a novel missense mutation (E884G) in the uncharacterized L4a domain of LAMA5 where homozygous mice develop nephrotic syndrome with severe proteinuria with histological and ultrastructural changes in the glomerulus mimicking the progression seen in most patients. The levels of LAMA5 are reduced in vivo and the assembly of the laminin 521 heterotrimer significantly reduced in vitro. Proteomic analysis of the glomerular extracellular fraction revealed changes in the matrix composition. Importantly, the genetic background of the mice had a significant effect on aspects of disease progression from proteinuria to changes in podocyte morphology. Thus, our novel model will provide insights into pathologic mechanisms of nephrotic syndrome and pathways that influence the response to a dysfunctional glomerular basement membrane that may be important in a range of kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Falcone
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK; Centre for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Nicol
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK; British Heart Foundation, Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Blease
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Michael J Randles
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth Angus
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anton Page
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Frederick W K Tam
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles D Pusey
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul K Potter
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, UK; Department Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Namba M, Kobayashi T, Kohno M, Koyano T, Hirose T, Fukushima M, Matsuyama M. Creation of X-linked Alport syndrome rat model with Col4a5 deficiency. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20836. [PMID: 34675305 PMCID: PMC8531394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00354-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome is an inherited chronic human kidney disease, characterized by glomerular basement membrane abnormalities. This disease is caused by mutations in COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 gene. The knockout mice for Col4α3, Col4α4, and Col4α5 are developed and well characterized for the study of Alport syndrome. However, disease progression and effects of pharmacological therapy depend on the genetic variability. This model was reliable only to mouse. In this study, we created a novel Alport syndrome rat model utilizing the rGONAD technology, which generated rat with a deletion of the Col4α5 gene. Col4α5 deficient rats showed hematuria, proteinuria, high levels of BUN, Cre, and then died at 18 to 28 weeks of age (Hemizygous mutant males). Histological and ultrastructural analyses displayed the abnormalities including parietal cell hyperplasia, mesangial sclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis. Then, we demonstrated that α3/α4/α5 (IV) and α5/α5/α6 (IV) chains of type IV collagen disrupted in Col4α5 deficient rats. Thus, Col4α5 mutant rat is a reliable candidate for the Alport syndrome model for underlying the mechanism of kidney diseases and further identifying potential therapeutic targets for human renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Namba
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, 701-0202, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kobayashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, 701-0202, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kohno
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, 701-0202, Japan
| | - Takayuki Koyano
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, 701-0202, Japan
| | - Takuo Hirose
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Applied Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, 701-0202, Japan.,Shigei Medical Research Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsuyama
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Shigei Medical Research Institute, 2117 Yamada, Minami-ku, Okayama, 701-0202, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Martínez-Pulleiro R, García-Murias M, Fidalgo-Díaz M, García-González MÁ. Molecular Basis, Diagnostic Challenges and Therapeutic Approaches of Alport Syndrome: A Primer for Clinicians. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011063. [PMID: 34681722 PMCID: PMC8541626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome is a genetic and hereditary disease, caused by mutations in the type IV collagen genes COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5, that affects the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney. It is a rare disease with an underestimated prevalence. Genetic analysis of population cohorts has revealed that it is the second most common inherited kidney disease after polycystic kidney disease. Renal involvement is the main manifestation, although it may have associated extrarenal manifestations such as hearing loss or ocular problems. The degree of expression of the disease changes according to the gene affected and other factors, known or yet to be known. The pathophysiology is not yet fully understood, although some receptors, pathways or molecules are known to be linked to the disease. There is also no specific treatment for Alport syndrome; the most commonly used are renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors. In recent years, diagnosis has come a long way, thanks to advances in DNA sequencing technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS). Further research at the genetic and molecular levels in the future will complete the partial vision of the pathophysiological mechanism that we have, and will allow us to better understand what is happening and how to solve it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martínez-Pulleiro
- Grupo de Xenética e Bioloxía do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxía (No. 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.M.-P.); (M.G.-M.)
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María García-Murias
- Grupo de Xenética e Bioloxía do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxía (No. 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.M.-P.); (M.G.-M.)
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Fidalgo-Díaz
- Departamento de Nefrología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Ángel García-González
- Grupo de Xenética e Bioloxía do Desenvolvemento das Enfermidades Renais, Laboratorio de Nefroloxía (No. 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (R.M.-P.); (M.G.-M.)
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica-SERGAS, Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-555-197
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Automated predictive analytics tool for rainfall forecasting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17704. [PMID: 34489507 PMCID: PMC8421346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Australia faces a dryness disaster whose impact may be mitigated by rainfall prediction. Being an incredibly challenging task, yet accurate prediction of rainfall plays an enormous role in policy making, decision making and organizing sustainable water resource systems. The ability to accurately predict rainfall patterns empowers civilizations. Though short-term rainfall predictions are provided by meteorological systems, long-term prediction of rainfall is challenging and has a lot of factors that lead to uncertainty. Historically, various researchers have experimented with several machine learning techniques in rainfall prediction with given weather conditions. However, in places like Australia where the climate is variable, finding the best method to model the complex rainfall process is a major challenge. The aim of this paper is to: (a) predict rainfall using machine learning algorithms and comparing the performance of different models. (b) Develop an optimized neural network and develop a prediction model using the neural network (c) to do a comparative study of new and existing prediction techniques using Australian rainfall data. In this paper, rainfall data collected over a span of ten years from 2007 to 2017, with the input from 26 geographically diverse locations have been used to develop the predictive models. The data was divided into training and testing sets for validation purposes. The results show that both traditional and neural network-based machine learning models can predict rainfall with more precision.
Collapse
|
9
|
Odiatis C, Savva I, Pieri M, Ioannou P, Petrou P, Papagregoriou G, Antoniadou K, Makrides N, Stefanou C, Ljubanović DG, Nikolaou G, Borza DB, Stylianou K, Gross O, Deltas C. A glycine substitution in the collagenous domain of Col4a3 in mice recapitulates late onset Alport syndrome. Matrix Biol Plus 2020; 9:100053. [PMID: 33718859 PMCID: PMC7930875 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2020.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alport syndrome (AS) is a severe inherited glomerulopathy caused by mutations in the genes encoding the α-chains of type-IV collagen, the most abundant component of the extracellular glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Currently most AS mouse models are knockout models for one of the collagen-IV genes. In contrast, about half of AS patients have missense mutations, with single aminoacid substitutions of glycine being the most common. The only mouse model for AS with a homozygous knockin missense mutation, Col4a3-p.Gly1332Glu, was partly described before by our group. Here, a detailed in-depth description of the same mouse is presented, along with another compound heterozygous mouse that carries the glycine substitution in trans with a knockout allele. Both mice recapitulate essential features of AS, including shorten lifespan by 30–35%, increased proteinuria, increased serum urea and creatinine, pathognomonic alternate GBM thinning and thickening, and podocyte foot process effacement. Notably, glomeruli and tubuli respond differently to mutant collagen-IV protomers, with reduced expression in tubules but apparently normal in glomeruli. However, equally important is the fact that in the glomeruli the mutant α3-chain as well as the normal α4/α5 chains seem to undergo a cleavage at, or near the point of the mutation, possibly by the metalloproteinase MMP-9, producing a 35 kDa C-terminal fragment. These mouse models represent a good tool for better understanding the spectrum of molecular mechanisms governing collagen-IV nephropathies and could be used for pre-clinical studies aimed at better treatments for AS. Two mouse models were generated that recapitulate essential features of AS patients. Glomeruli and tubuli respond differently to mutant collagen IV protomers. The mutant colIV protomers in glomeruli probably undergo a cleavage process by MMP9. The two AS mouse models represent a good tool for studying collagen-IV nephropathies. These models could be used for pre-clinical studies aimed at better treatments.
Collapse
Key Words
- ARAS, autosomal recessive alport syndrome
- AS, alport syndrome
- Alport syndrome
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- Collagen-IV
- EM, electron microscopy
- ESRD, end stage renal disease
- GBM, glomerular basement membrane
- Glomerular basement membrane
- Glycine missense mutation
- Kidney disease
- Mouse model
- PAS, periodic acid schiff
- TBM, tubular basement membrane
- TGF-b1, transforming growth factor beta1
- UPR, unfolded protein response
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Odiatis
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Isavella Savva
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Myrtani Pieri
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Pavlos Ioannou
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Petros Petrou
- Department of Biochemistry, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus
| | - Gregory Papagregoriou
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Kyriaki Antoniadou
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | - Neoklis Makrides
- Department of Developmental Functional Genetics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Cyprus
| | - Charalambos Stefanou
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| | | | - Georgios Nikolaou
- Veterinary diagnostic laboratory, Vet ex Machina LTD, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dorin-Bogdan Borza
- Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kostas Stylianou
- Department of Nephrology, University of Crete Medical School, Greece
| | - Oliver Gross
- Clinic for Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constantinos Deltas
- Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus Medical School, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|