1
|
Awad M, Bani Issa W, Radwan H, Fakhry R, Al-Yateem N, Rossiter R. Association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in UAE: a pilot cross sectional study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1160428. [PMID: 37441619 PMCID: PMC10333752 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1160428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dental caries among adolescents is a growing worldwide public health issue. They share some common and modifiable influences. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and dental caries among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods This pilot cross-sectional study enrolled 161 adolescents 13-19 years old from private and public schools in the UAE. Participants were classified as normal weight, underweight, overweight or obese. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Independent t-tests were used to compare average number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) by age, sex, school type, mothers' employment, BMI categories, waist circumference, oral health habits and plaque index. Additionally, a multiple linear regression model was applied to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference and dental caries, adjusted for confounding factors considered in this study. Results The average age of the participants was 16.2 ± 1.4 years old. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 42% (N = 68) measured by BMI. In addition, 82% (N = 132) had average waist circumference and 18% (N = 29) with above average waist circumference. Overall, the average DMFS score was 4.35 ± 4.5, with significantly lower dental caries rates among girls ([3.3 (SD:4.0)] than boys (6.7 (SD:5.3), (p < 0.05). The linear regression model revealed that, being a male, attending a public school and having average waist circumference were all positively and significantly associated with dental caries (p < 0.05). Conclusion Obesity measured by waist circumference was significantly associated with dental caries among adolescents in the UAE. Further research is required to investigate the complex association between obesity and dental caries and how dietary habits, oral hygiene habits, and parental socioeconomic status mediate the association between obesity and dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal Awad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Preventive & Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wegdan Bani Issa
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia Radwan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randa Fakhry
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachel Rossiter
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Issrani R, Reddy J, Bader AK, Albalawi RFH, Alserhani EDM, Alruwaili DSR, Alanazi GRA, Alruwaili NSR, Sghaireen MG, Rao K. Exploring an Association between Body Mass Index and Oral Health-A Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050902. [PMID: 36900046 PMCID: PMC10000970 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the relative amount of body fat on an individual's frame. There are many diseases and conditions associated with obesity and underweight. Recent research trials suggest that there is a significant association between oral health indicators and BMI as both are attributed to common risk factors such as dietary, genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle issues. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this review paper is to emphasize the association between BMI and oral health with available literature evidence. METHODOLOGY A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were "body mass index", "periodontitis", "dental caries", and "tooth loss". RESULTS In total, 2839 articles were obtained from the analysis of the databases. Unrelated articles from the available full text of 1135 articles were excluded. The main reasons for excluding the articles were: they were dietary guidelines and policy statements. A total of 66 studies were finally included in the review. CONCLUSION The presence of dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss may be associated with a higher BMI or obesity, whereas, improved oral health might be associated with lower BMI. Promoting general and oral health should be a hand in hand feature, as common risk factors can be embattled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, Puducherry 607402, India
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jagat Reddy
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, Puducherry 607402, India
| | - Alzarea K. Bader
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Ghazi Sghaireen
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsai KZ, Liu PY, Lin YP, Pao SI, Tai MC, Chen JT, Lin GM. Dental caries and periodontitis and the risk of myopia in young adults: CHIEF oral health study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:384. [PMID: 36064391 PMCID: PMC9446871 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Oral health and ocular diseases may be associated with collagen defects and inflammation status. However, the results from prior studies are conflicting. The aim of this study was to explore the association of dental caries and periodontitis with myopia in young adults. Materials and methods A total of 938 military personnel aged 19–39 years receiving both oral and eye examinations from 2018 through 2020 were included in this study in Taiwan. The severity of myopia was graded as no myopia (diopters > − 0.5, N = 459), low myopia (diopters: − 0.5 to -5.9, N = 225) and high myopia (diopters ≤ − 6.0, N = 254). A multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, missing teeth numbers, blood leucocyte counts, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and uric acid were used to determine the associations of actively dental caries, filled teeth and stage II/III periodontitis with myopia. Results The presence of any actively dental caries was significantly associated with a higher risk of any myopia (low or high) (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] 1.42 [1.04–1.94]), whereas there was no association for filled teeth. Moreover, the association for stage II/III periodontitis was only observed with high myopia (OR: 1.52 [1.07–2.15]) and was not observed with low myopia. Conclusions Our findings suggest that only actively dental caries and a higher severity of periodontitis were associated with myopia among young adults, thus highlighting the dental inflammation status in the oral cavity as a potential link to ocular diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02413-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Stomatology of Periodontology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 163, Jiali Rd., Xincheng Township, Hualien, 97144, Taiwan.,Departments of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Yen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Pao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 163, Jiali Rd., Xincheng Township, Hualien, 97144, Taiwan. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Relationship between Salivary Alpha-Amylase Enzyme Activity, Anthropometric Indices, Dietary Habits, and Early Childhood Dental Caries. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:2617197. [PMID: 35378726 PMCID: PMC8976663 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2617197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although early childhood dental caries (ECC) have the same general etiology as other types of caries, predisposing factors are not well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity, body mass index (BMI), dietary habits, and oral hygiene on ECC. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 38 ECC-affected and 41 caries-free children, aged 36 to 72 months. Upon the parents' consent, 3 mL of non-stimulated saliva was collected from the participants to measure the level of sAA activity through spectrophotometry. Additionally, parents/caretakers completed a structured questionnaire about demographic factors, oral hygiene, and consumption of sugar-containing foods. BMI, BMI z-scores, and percentile data were calculated by using an online calculator. The independent variables were dichotomized and tested through chi-square test, followed by a stepwise logistic regression, by using SPSS software (α = 0.05). Results The sAA activity was significantly higher in caries-free children (P ≤ 0.001). However, the mean BMI was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.49). Brushing and other measured dietary habits were significantly associated with the development of ECC (P ≤ 0.001). According to the results of the logistic regression, sAA activity was shown to be a predictor for ECC development (Odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 0.9 (0.95–0.98)). Conclusion Children with inherently lower levels of sAA activity were more susceptible to dental caries. Improper nutritional habits and poor oral health care could exacerbate the risk of ECC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Aceves-Martins M, Godina-Flores NL, Gutierrez-Gómez YY, Richards D, López-Cruz L, García-Botello M, Moreno-García CF. Obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1694-1710. [PMID: 34664672 PMCID: PMC9086795 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context A relationship between obesity and poor oral health has been reported. Objective To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and oral health in Mexican children and adolescents. Data Sources A literature search was conducted of 13 databases and 1 search engine for articles published from 1995 onward. Data Analysis A total of 18 publications were included. Evidence was inconclusive and varied according to sociodemographic factors or outcome measuring tools. The Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth and Filled Teeth Surfaces indices and the decayed extracted filled teeth index outcomes were included in a random effects model meta-analysis. Pooled estimates showed no statistically significant oral health differences (measured via the decayed extracted filled teeth or the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Surfaces indexes) among body mass index (BMI) categories. However, pooled estimates of 6 studies showed that children with higher BMI had worse oral health in permanent teeth (measured via the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index) than children with lower BMI (overall mean difference, –0.42; 95%CI, –0.74, –0.11). Conclusion Whether there is an association between poor oral health and high BMI is inconclusive; however, both co-exist among Mexican children. Therefore, health promotion and prevention efforts should address common risk factors and broader risk social determinants shared between noncommunicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Aceves-Martins
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Naara L Godina-Flores
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Yareni Yunuen Gutierrez-Gómez
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Derek Richards
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Lizet López-Cruz
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Marcela García-Botello
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Carlos Francisco Moreno-García
- M. Aceves-Martins is with The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK. N.L. Godina-Flores and Y.Y. Gutierrez-Gómez are with the Nutrition Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Col. Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico. D. Richards is with the School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Park Place, Dundee, UK. L. López-Cruz is with the Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Parque Científico y Tecnologico de Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain. M. García-Botello is with the Universidad de Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. C.F. Moreno-García is with the School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee House, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|