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Chu KC, Yeh CH, Lin JM, Chen CY, Cheng CY, Yeh YQ, Huang YS, Tsai YW. Using convolutional neural network denoising to reduce ambiguity in X-ray coherent diffraction imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:1340-1345. [PMID: 39102364 PMCID: PMC11371064 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The inherent ambiguity in reconstructed images from coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) poses an intrinsic challenge, as images derived from the same dataset under varying initial conditions often display inconsistencies. This study introduces a method that employs the Noise2Noise approach combined with neural networks to effectively mitigate these ambiguities. We applied this methodology to hundreds of ambiguous reconstructed images retrieved from a single diffraction pattern using a conventional retrieval algorithm. Our results demonstrate that ambiguous features in these reconstructions are effectively treated as inter-reconstruction noise and are significantly reduced. The post-Noise2Noise treated images closely approximate the average and singular value decomposition analysis of various reconstructions, providing consistent and reliable reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Ching Chu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Yeh
- Department of PhysicsNational Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Min Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of PhysicsNational Tsing Hua University,Hsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Yi-Qi Yeh
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Tsai
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research CenterHsinchu300Taiwan
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2
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Chen H, Dzhigaev D, Björling A, Westermeier F, Lyubomirskiy M, Stuckelberger M, Wallentin J. Correcting angular distortions in Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:1308-1316. [PMID: 39116009 PMCID: PMC11371051 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524006507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (BCDI) has emerged as a powerful technique for strain imaging and morphology reconstruction of nanometre-scale crystals. However, BCDI often suffers from angular distortions that appear during data acquisition, caused by radiation pressure, heating or imperfect scanning stages. This limits the applicability of BCDI, in particular for small crystals and high-flux X-ray beams. Here, we present a pre-processing algorithm that recovers the 3D datasets from the BCDI dataset measured under the impact of large angular distortions. We systematically investigate the performance of this method for different levels of distortion and find that the algorithm recovers the correct angles for distortions up to 16.4× (1640%) the angular step size dθ = 0.004°. We also show that the angles in a continuous scan can be recovered with high accuracy. As expected, the correction provides marked improvements in the subsequent phase retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Chen
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Department of PhysicsLund University22100LundSweden
| | - Dmitry Dzhigaev
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Department of PhysicsLund University22100LundSweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesper Wallentin
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Department of PhysicsLund University22100LundSweden
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3
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Grimes M, Atlan C, Chatelier C, Bellec E, Olson K, Simonne D, Levi M, Schülli TU, Leake SJ, Rabkin E, Eymery J, Richard MI. Capturing Catalyst Strain Dynamics during Operando CO Oxidation. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39009584 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the strain dynamic behavior of catalysts is crucial for the development of cost-effective, efficient, stable, and long-lasting catalysts. Using time-resolved Bragg coherent diffraction imaging at the fourth generation Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron (ESRF-EBS), we achieved subsecond time resolution during operando chemical reactions. Upon investigation of Pt nanoparticles during CO oxidation, the three-dimensional strain profile highlights significant changes in the surface and subsurface regions, where localized strain is probed along the [111] direction. Notably, a rapid increase in tensile strain was observed at the top and bottom Pt {111} facets during CO adsorption. Moreover, we detected oscillatory strain changes (6.4 s period) linked to CO adsorption during oxidation, where a time resolution of 0.25 s was achieved. This approach allows for the study of adsorption dynamics of catalytic nanomaterials at the single-particle level under operando conditions, which provides insight into nanoscale catalytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grimes
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Clément Atlan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corentin Chatelier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ewen Bellec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kyle Olson
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Simonne
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers Départementale 128, 91190 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Mor Levi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eugen Rabkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Joël Eymery
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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4
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Chatelier C, Atlan C, Dupraz M, Leake S, Li N, Schülli TU, Levi M, Rabkin E, Favre L, Labat S, Eymery J, Richard MI. Unveiling Core-Shell Structure Formation in a Ni 3Fe Nanoparticle with In Situ Multi-Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13517-13527. [PMID: 38753950 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state reactions play a key role in materials science. The evolution of the structure of a single 350 nm Ni3Fe nanoparticle, i.e., its morphology (facets) as well as its deformation field, has been followed by applying multireflection Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Through this approach, we unveiled a demixing process that occurs at high temperatures (600 °C) under an Ar atmosphere. This process leads to the gradual emergence of a highly strained core-shell structure, distinguished by two distinct lattice parameters with a difference of 0.4%. Concurrently, this transformation causes the facets to vanish, ultimately yielding a rounded core-shell nanoparticle. This final structure comprises a Ni3Fe core surrounded by a 40 nm Ni-rich outer shell due to preferential iron oxidation. Providing in situ 3D imaging of the lattice parameters at the nanometer scale while varying the temperature, this study─with the support of atomistic simulations─not only showcases the power of in situ multireflection BCDI but also provides valuable insights into the mechanisms at work during a solid-state reaction characterized by a core-shell transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Chatelier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Clément Atlan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Dupraz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Steven Leake
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ni Li
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mor Levi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Eugen Rabkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Luc Favre
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Labat
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, F-13397 Marseille, France
| | - Joël Eymery
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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5
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Takayama Y, Nakasako M. Similarity score for screening phase-retrieved maps in X-ray diffraction imaging - characterization in reciprocal space. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:95-112. [PMID: 38054944 PMCID: PMC10833420 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523009827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction imaging (XDI) is utilized for visualizing the structures of non-crystalline particles in material sciences and biology. In the structural analysis, phase-retrieval (PR) algorithms are applied to the diffraction amplitude data alone to reconstruct the electron density map of a specimen particle projected along the direction of the incident X-rays. However, PR calculations may not lead to good convergence because of a lack of diffraction patterns in small-angle regions and Poisson noise in X-ray detection. Therefore, the PR calculation is still a bottleneck for the efficient application of XDI in the structural analyses of non-crystalline particles. For screening maps from hundreds of trial PR calculations, we have been using a score and measuring the similarity between a pair of retrieved maps. Empirically, probable maps approximating the particle structures gave a score smaller than a threshold value, but the reasons for the effectiveness of the score are still unclear. In this study, the score is characterized in terms of the phase differences between the structure factors of the retrieved maps, the usefulness of the score in screening the maps retrieved from experimental diffraction patterns is demonstrated, and the effective resolution of similarity-score-selected maps is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takayama
- Graduate School of Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hyogo Science and Technology Association, 1-490-2 Kouto, Shingu, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakasako
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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6
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Yoshida S, Harada K, Uezu S, Takayama Y, Nakasako M. Protocol using similarity score and improved shrink-wrap algorithm for better convergence of phase-retrieval calculation in X-ray diffraction imaging. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:113-128. [PMID: 38054945 PMCID: PMC10833425 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577523009864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In X-ray diffraction imaging (XDI), electron density maps of a targeted particle are reconstructed computationally from the diffraction pattern alone using phase-retrieval (PR) algorithms. However, the PR calculations sometimes fail to yield realistic electron density maps that approximate the structure of the particle. This occurs due to the absence of structure amplitudes at and near the zero-scattering angle and the presence of Poisson noise in weak diffraction patterns. Consequently, the PR calculation becomes a bottleneck for XDI structure analyses. Here, a protocol to efficiently yield realistic maps is proposed. The protocol is based on the empirical observation that realistic maps tend to yield low similarity scores, as suggested in our prior study [Sekiguchi et al. (2017), J. Synchrotron Rad. 24, 1024-1038]. Among independently and concurrently executed PR calculations, the protocol modifies all maps using the electron-density maps exhibiting low similarity scores. This approach, along with a new protocol for estimating particle shape, improved the probability of obtaining realistic maps for diffraction patterns from various aggregates of colloidal gold particles, as compared with PR calculations performed without the protocol. Consequently, the protocol has the potential to reduce computational costs in PR calculations and enable efficient XDI structure analysis of non-crystalline particles using synchrotron X-rays and X-ray free-electron laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syouyo Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayogun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kosei Harada
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayogun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - So Uezu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayogun, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takayama
- RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayogun, Hyogo, Japan
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakasako
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- RIKEN Spring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayogun, Hyogo, Japan
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7
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Frisch ML, Wu L, Atlan C, Ren Z, Han M, Tucoulou R, Liang L, Lu J, Guo A, Nong HN, Arinchtein A, Sprung M, Villanova J, Richard MI, Strasser P. Unraveling the synergistic effects of Cu-Ag tandem catalysts during electrochemical CO 2 reduction using nanofocused X-ray probes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7833. [PMID: 38030620 PMCID: PMC10687089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling the selectivity of the electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals continues to be a major challenge. Bulk and surface lattice strain in nanostructured electrocatalysts affect catalytic activity and selectivity. Here, we unravel the complex dynamics of synergistic lattice strain and stability effects of Cu-Ag tandem catalysts through a previously unexplored combination of in situ nanofocused X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Three-dimensional strain maps reveal the lattice dynamics inside individual nanoparticles as a function of applied potential and product yields. Dynamic relations between strain, redox state, catalytic activity and selectivity are derived. Moderate Ag contents effectively reduce the competing evolution of H2 and, concomitantly, lead to an enhanced corrosion stability. Findings from this study evidence the power of advanced nanofocused spectroscopy techniques to provide new insights into the chemistry and structure of nanostructured catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin L Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Longfei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Jean-Paul-Str. 12, 53173, Bonn, Germany
| | - Clément Atlan
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG/MEM/NRX, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38054, France
| | - Zhe Ren
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine Han
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Rémi Tucoulou
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jiasheng Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - An Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong Nhan Nong
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleks Arinchtein
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julie Villanova
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG/MEM/NRX, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38054, France
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Division, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Grimes M, Pauwels K, Schülli TU, Martin T, Fajardo P, Douissard PA, Kocsis M, Nishino H, Ozaki K, Honjo Y, Nishiyama Hiraki T, Joti Y, Hatsui T, Levi M, Rabkin E, Leake SJ, Richard MI. Bragg coherent diffraction imaging with the CITIUS charge-integrating detector. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1032-1037. [PMID: 37555222 PMCID: PMC10405578 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723004314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The CITIUS detector is a next-generation high-speed X-ray imaging detector. It has integrating-type pixels and is designed to show a consistent linear response at a frame rate of 17.4 kHz, which results in a saturation count rate of over 30 Mcps pixel-1 when operating at an acquisition duty cycle close to 100%, and up to 20 times higher with special extended acquisition modes. Here, its application for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging is demonstrated by taking advantage of the fourth-generation Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron (ESRF-EBS, Grenoble, France). The CITIUS detector outperformed a photon-counting detector, similar spatial resolution being achieved (20 ± 6 nm versus 22 ± 9 nm) with greatly reduced acquisition times (23 s versus 200 s). It is also shown how the CITIUS detector can be expected to perform during dynamic Bragg coherent diffraction imaging measurements. Finally, the current limitations of the CITIUS detector and further optimizations for coherent imaging techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grimes
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kristof Pauwels
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tobias U. Schülli
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thierry Martin
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Pablo Fajardo
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Menyhert Kocsis
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Haruki Nishino
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Ozaki
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Honjo
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | - Yasumasa Joti
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takaki Hatsui
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, RIKEN, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Mor Levi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eugen Rabkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steven J. Leake
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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9
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Atlan C, Chatelier C, Martens I, Dupraz M, Viola A, Li N, Gao L, Leake SJ, Schülli TU, Eymery J, Maillard F, Richard MI. Imaging the strain evolution of a platinum nanoparticle under electrochemical control. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01528-x. [PMID: 37095227 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface strain is widely employed in gas phase catalysis and electrocatalysis to control the binding energies of adsorbates on active sites. However, in situ or operando strain measurements are experimentally challenging, especially on nanomaterials. Here we exploit coherent diffraction at the new fourth-generation Extremely Brilliant Source of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility to map and quantify strain within individual Pt catalyst nanoparticles under electrochemical control. Three-dimensional nanoresolution strain microscopy, together with density functional theory and atomistic simulations, show evidence of heterogeneous and potential-dependent strain distribution between highly coordinated ({100} and {111} facets) and undercoordinated atoms (edges and corners), as well as evidence of strain propagation from the surface to the bulk of the nanoparticle. These dynamic structural relationships directly inform the design of strain-engineered nanocatalysts for energy storage and conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Atlan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France.
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France.
| | - Corentin Chatelier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France.
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Maxime Dupraz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Viola
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France
| | - Ni Li
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Lu Gao
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joël Eymery
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, Grenoble, France.
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRX, Grenoble, France.
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France.
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10
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Simonne D, Carnis J, Atlan C, Chatelier C, Favre-Nicolin V, Dupraz M, Leake SJ, Zatterin E, Resta A, Coati A, Richard MI. Gwaihir: Jupyter Notebook graphical user interface for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:1045-1054. [PMID: 35974722 PMCID: PMC9348885 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722005854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In a world where data are steadily made more available, Gwaihir is a tool that overcomes multiple issues by bridging remote access, cluster computing and a user-friendly interface, consequentially improving the link between synchrotrons and their users for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction is a nondestructive method for probing material structure in three dimensions at the nanoscale, with unprecedented resolution in displacement and strain fields. This work presents Gwaihir, a user-friendly and open-source tool to process and analyze Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction data. It integrates the functionalities of the existing packages bcdi and PyNX in the same toolbox, creating a natural workflow and promoting data reproducibility. Its graphical interface, based on Jupyter Notebook widgets, combines an interactive approach for data analysis with a powerful environment designed to link large-scale facilities and scientists.
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11
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Richard MI, Labat S, Dupraz M, Li N, Bellec E, Boesecke P, Djazouli H, Eymery J, Thomas O, Schülli TU, Santala MK, Leake SJ. Bragg coherent diffraction imaging of single 20 nm Pt particles at the ID01-EBS beamline of ESRF. J Appl Crystallogr 2022; 55:621-625. [PMID: 35719306 PMCID: PMC9172036 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722002886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic or catalytic properties can be modified at the nanoscale level. Engineering efficient and specific nanomaterials requires the ability to study their complex structure-property relationships. Here, Bragg coherent diffraction imaging was used to measure the three-dimensional shape and strain of platinum nanoparticles with a diameter smaller than 30 nm, i.e. significantly smaller than any previous study. This was made possible by the realization of the Extremely Brilliant Source of ESRF, The European Synchrotron. This work demonstrates the feasibility of imaging the complex structure of very small particles in three dimensions and paves the way towards the observation of realistic catalytic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.-I. Richard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - S. Labat
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - M. Dupraz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - N. Li
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E. Bellec
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P. Boesecke
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - H. Djazouli
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J. Eymery
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - O. Thomas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - T. U. Schülli
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M. K. Santala
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - S. J. Leake
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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12
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Dupraz M, Li N, Carnis J, Wu L, Labat S, Chatelier C, van de Poll R, Hofmann JP, Almog E, Leake SJ, Watier Y, Lazarev S, Westermeier F, Sprung M, Hensen EJM, Thomas O, Rabkin E, Richard MI. Imaging the facet surface strain state of supported multi-faceted Pt nanoparticles during reaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3003. [PMID: 35637233 PMCID: PMC9151645 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructures with specific crystallographic planes display distinctive physico-chemical properties because of their unique atomic arrangements, resulting in widespread applications in catalysis, energy conversion or sensing. Understanding strain dynamics and their relationship with crystallographic facets have been largely unexplored. Here, we reveal in situ, in three-dimensions and at the nanoscale, the volume, surface and interface strain evolution of single supported platinum nanocrystals during reaction using coherent x-ray diffractive imaging. Interestingly, identical {hkl} facets show equivalent catalytic response during non-stoichiometric cycles. Periodic strain variations are rationalised in terms of O2 adsorption or desorption during O2 exposure or CO oxidation under reducing conditions, respectively. During stoichiometric CO oxidation, the strain evolution is, however, no longer facet dependent. Large strain variations are observed in localised areas, in particular in the vicinity of the substrate/particle interface, suggesting a significant influence of the substrate on the reactivity. These findings will improve the understanding of dynamic properties in catalysis and related fields. Understanding strain dynamics and their relationship with crystallographic facets have been largely unexplored. Here the authors demonstrate how the 3D lattice displacement and strain evolution depend on the crystallographic facets of Pt nanoparticles during CO oxidation reaction, providing new insights in the relationship between facet-related surface strain and chemistry.
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13
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Thomas O, Labat S, Cornelius T, Richard MI. X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Deformations in Thin Films and Nano-Objects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1363. [PMID: 35458070 PMCID: PMC9024510 DOI: 10.3390/nano12081363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The quantification and localization of elastic strains and defects in crystals are necessary to control and predict the functioning of materials. The X-ray imaging of strains has made very impressive progress in recent years. On the one hand, progress in optical elements for focusing X-rays now makes it possible to carry out X-ray diffraction mapping with a resolution in the 50-100 nm range, while lensless imaging techniques reach a typical resolution of 5-10 nm. This continuous evolution is also a consequence of the development of new two-dimensional detectors with hybrid pixels whose dynamics, reading speed and low noise level have revolutionized measurement strategies. In addition, a new accelerator ring concept (HMBA network: hybrid multi-bend achromat lattice) is allowing a very significant increase (a factor of 100) in the brilliance and coherent flux of synchrotron radiation facilities, thanks to the reduction in the horizontal size of the source. This review is intended as a progress report in a rapidly evolving field. The next ten years should allow the emergence of three-dimensional imaging methods of strains that are fast enough to follow, in situ, the evolution of a material under stress or during a transition. Handling massive amounts of data will not be the least of the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Thomas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Campus de St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France; (S.L.); (T.C.); (M.-I.R.)
| | - Stéphane Labat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Campus de St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France; (S.L.); (T.C.); (M.-I.R.)
| | - Thomas Cornelius
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Campus de St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France; (S.L.); (T.C.); (M.-I.R.)
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP UMR 7334, Campus de St-Jérôme, 13397 Marseille, France; (S.L.); (T.C.); (M.-I.R.)
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Rue Des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
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14
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Carnis J, Kshirsagar AR, Wu L, Dupraz M, Labat S, Texier M, Favre L, Gao L, Oropeza FE, Gazit N, Almog E, Campos A, Micha JS, Hensen EJM, Leake SJ, Schülli TU, Rabkin E, Thomas O, Poloni R, Hofmann JP, Richard MI. Twin boundary migration in an individual platinum nanocrystal during catalytic CO oxidation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5385. [PMID: 34508094 PMCID: PMC8433154 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At the nanoscale, elastic strain and crystal defects largely influence the properties and functionalities of materials. The ability to predict the structural evolution of catalytic nanocrystals during the reaction is of primary importance for catalyst design. However, to date, imaging and characterising the structure of defects inside a nanocrystal in three-dimensions and in situ during reaction has remained a challenge. We report here an unusual twin boundary migration process in a single platinum nanoparticle during CO oxidation using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging as the characterisation tool. Density functional theory calculations show that twin migration can be correlated with the relative change in the interfacial energies of the free surfaces exposed to CO. The x-ray technique also reveals particle reshaping during the reaction. In situ and non-invasive structural characterisation of defects during reaction opens new avenues for understanding defect behaviour in confined crystals and paves the way for strain and defect engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Carnis
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France ,grid.7683.a0000 0004 0492 0453Present Address: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aseem Rajan Kshirsagar
- grid.5676.20000000417654326Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Longfei Wu
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Dupraz
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Labat
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Michaël Texier
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Favre
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Lu Gao
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Freddy E. Oropeza
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nimrod Gazit
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ehud Almog
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrea Campos
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM (FR1739), CP2M, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Sébastien Micha
- CRG-IF BM32 beamline at the European Synchrotron (ESRF), CS40220, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J. Leake
- grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Tobias U. Schülli
- grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France
| | - Eugen Rabkin
- grid.6451.60000000121102151Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Olivier Thomas
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Roberta Poloni
- grid.5676.20000000417654326Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, University of Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.6546.10000 0001 0940 1669Present Address: Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- grid.496914.70000 0004 0385 8635Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France ,grid.5398.70000 0004 0641 6373ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, France ,grid.457348.9Present Address: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, Grenoble, France
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15
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Carnis J, Kirner F, Lapkin D, Sturm S, Kim YY, Baburin IA, Khubbutdinov R, Ignatenko A, Iashina E, Mistonov A, Steegemans T, Wieck T, Gemming T, Lubk A, Lazarev S, Sprung M, Vartanyants IA, Sturm EV. Exploring the 3D structure and defects of a self-assembled gold mesocrystal by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:10425-10435. [PMID: 34028473 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01806j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mesocrystals are nanostructured materials consisting of individual nanocrystals having a preferred crystallographic orientation. On mesoscopic length scales, the properties of mesocrystals are strongly affected by structural heterogeneity. Here, we report the detailed structural characterization of a faceted mesocrystal grain self-assembled from 60 nm sized gold nanocubes. Using coherent X-ray diffraction imaging, we determined the structure of the mesocrystal with the resolution sufficient to resolve each gold nanoparticle. The reconstructed electron density of the gold mesocrystal reveals its intrinsic structural heterogeneity, including local deviations of lattice parameters, and the presence of internal defects. The strain distribution shows that the average superlattice obtained by angular X-ray cross-correlation analysis and the real, "multidomain" structure of a mesocrystal are very close to each other, with a deviation less than 10%. These results will provide an important impact to understanding the fundamental principles of structuring and self-assembly including ensuing properties of mesocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Carnis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Felizitas Kirner
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Lapkin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Sturm
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Young Yong Kim
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Ruslan Khubbutdinov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Ignatenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ekaterina Iashina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Mistonov
- Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Wieck
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Gemming
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Lubk
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), pr. Lenina 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. and National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Sturm
- University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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16
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Carnis J, Gao L, Fernández S, Chahine G, Schülli TU, Labat S, Hensen EJM, Thomas O, Hofmann JP, Richard MI. Facet-Dependent Strain Determination in Electrochemically Synthetized Platinum Model Catalytic Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007702. [PMID: 33738928 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Studying model nanoparticles is one approach to better understand the structural evolution of a catalyst during reactions. These nanoparticles feature well-defined faceting, offering the possibility to extract structural information as a function of facet orientation and compare it to theoretical simulations. Using Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging, the uniformity of electrochemically synthesized model catalysts is studied, here high-index faceted tetrahexahedral (THH) platinum nanoparticles at ambient conditions. 3D images of an individual nanoparticle are obtained, assessing not only its shape but also the specific components of the displacement and strain fields both at the surface of the nanocrystal and inside. The study reveals structural diversity of shapes and defects, and shows that the THH platinum nanoparticles present strain build-up close to facets and edges. A facet recognition algorithm is further applied to the imaged nanoparticles and provides facet-dependent structural information for all measured nanoparticles. In the context of strain engineering for model catalysts, this study provides insight into the shape-controlled synthesis of platinum nanoparticles with high-index facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Carnis
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Marseille, 13397, France
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38043, France
| | - Lu Gao
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Fernández
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Marseille, 13397, France
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38043, France
| | - Gilbert Chahine
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMaP, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38043, France
| | - Stéphane Labat
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Marseille, 13397, France
| | - Emiel J M Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600MB, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Thomas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Marseille, 13397, France
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600MB, The Netherlands
- Surface Science Laboratory, Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Strasse 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Marseille, 13397, France
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, Grenoble Cedex 9, F-38043, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
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17
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Björling A, Marçal LAB, Solla-Gullón J, Wallentin J, Carbone D, Maia FRNC. Three-Dimensional Coherent Bragg Imaging of Rotating Nanoparticles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:246101. [PMID: 33412038 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.246101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bragg coherent diffraction imaging is a powerful strain imaging tool, often limited by beam-induced sample instability for small particles and high power densities. Here, we devise and validate an adapted diffraction volume assembly algorithm, capable of recovering three-dimensional datasets from particles undergoing uncontrolled and unknown rotations. We apply the method to gold nanoparticles which rotate under the influence of a focused coherent x-ray beam, retrieving their three-dimensional shapes and strain fields. The results show that the sample instability problem can be overcome, enabling the use of fourth generation synchrotron sources for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging to their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas A B Marçal
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - José Solla-Gullón
- Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jesper Wallentin
- Synchrotron Radiation Research and NanoLund, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dina Carbone
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Filipe R N C Maia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Favre-Nicolin V, Girard G, Leake S, Carnis J, Chushkin Y, Kieffer J, Paleo P, Richard MI. PyNX: high-performance computing toolkit for coherent X-ray imaging based on operators. J Appl Crystallogr 2020. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720010985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The open-source PyNX toolkit has been extended to provide tools for coherent X-ray imaging data analysis and simulation. All calculations can be executed on graphical processing units (GPUs) to achieve high-performance computing speeds. The toolkit can be used for coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), ptychography and wavefront propagation, in the far- or near-field regime. Moreover, all imaging operations (propagation, projections, algorithm cycles…) can be implemented in Python as simple mathematical operators, an approach which can be used to easily combine basic algorithms in a tailored chain. Calculations can also be distributed to multiple GPUs, e.g. for large ptychography data sets. Command-line scripts are available for on-line CDI and ptychography analysis, either from raw beamline data sets or using the coherent X-ray imaging data format.
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19
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Li N, Dupraz M, Wu L, Leake SJ, Resta A, Carnis J, Labat S, Almog E, Rabkin E, Favre-Nicolin V, Picca FE, Berenguer F, van de Poll R, Hofmann JP, Vlad A, Thomas O, Garreau Y, Coati A, Richard MI. Continuous scanning for Bragg coherent X-ray imaging. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12760. [PMID: 32728084 PMCID: PMC7391662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the use of continuous scanning during data acquisition for Bragg coherent diffraction imaging, i.e., where the sample is in continuous motion. The fidelity of continuous scanning Bragg coherent diffraction imaging is demonstrated on a single Pt nanoparticle in a flow reactor at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$400\,^\circ \hbox {C}$$\end{document}400∘C in an Ar-based gas flowed at 50 ml/min. We show a reduction of 30% in total scan time compared to conventional step-by-step scanning. The reconstructed Bragg electron density, phase, displacement and strain fields are in excellent agreement with the results obtained from conventional step-by-step scanning. Continuous scanning will allow to minimise sample instability under the beam and will become increasingly important at diffraction-limited storage ring light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.,ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Dupraz
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.,ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Longfei Wu
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Aix Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Steven J Leake
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Resta
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme Carnis
- CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Aix Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stéphane Labat
- CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Aix Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Ehud Almog
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eugen Rabkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Felisa Berenguer
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rim van de Poll
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Vlad
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olivier Thomas
- CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, Aix Marseille Université, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Yves Garreau
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 7162, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Coati
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- CEA Grenoble, IRIG, MEM, NRS, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Carnis J, Gao L, Labat S, Kim YY, Hofmann JP, Leake SJ, Schülli TU, Hensen EJM, Thomas O, Richard MI. Towards a quantitative determination of strain in Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging: artefacts and sign convention in reconstructions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17357. [PMID: 31758040 PMCID: PMC6874548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (BCDI) has emerged as a powerful technique to image the local displacement field and strain in nanocrystals, in three dimensions with nanometric spatial resolution. However, BCDI relies on both dataset collection and phase retrieval algorithms that can induce artefacts in the reconstruction. Phase retrieval algorithms are based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT). We demonstrate how to calculate the displacement field inside a nanocrystal from its reconstructed phase depending on the mathematical convention used for the FFT. We use numerical simulations to quantify the influence of experimentally unavoidable detector deficiencies such as blind areas or limited dynamic range as well as post-processing filtering on the reconstruction. We also propose a criterion for the isosurface determination of the object, based on the histogram of the reconstructed modulus. Finally, we study the capability of the phasing algorithm to quantitatively retrieve the surface strain (i.e., the strain of the surface voxels). This work emphasizes many aspects that have been neglected so far in BCDI, which need to be understood for a quantitative analysis of displacement and strain based on this technique. It concludes with the optimization of experimental parameters to improve throughput and to establish BCDI as a reliable 3D nano-imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Carnis
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397, Marseille, France.
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Lu Gao
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Labat
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Young Yong Kim
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan P Hofmann
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J Leake
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Tobias U Schülli
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emiel J M Hensen
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, P. O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Thomas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Ingrid Richard
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Université de Toulon, IM2NP UMR 7334, 13397, Marseille, France
- ID01/ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
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