1
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Wang JY, Michki NS, Sitaraman S, Banaschewski BJ, Lin SM, Katzen JB, Basil MC, Cantu E, Zepp JA, Frank DB, Young LR. Dysregulated alveolar epithelial cell progenitor function and identity in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.17.545390. [PMID: 38496421 PMCID: PMC10942273 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.17.545390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic disorder of endosomal protein trafficking associated with pulmonary fibrosis in specific subtypes, including HPS-1 and HPS-2. Single mutant HPS1 and HPS2 mice display increased fibrotic sensitivity while double mutant HPS1/2 mice exhibit spontaneous fibrosis with aging, which has been attributed to HPS mutations in alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) cells. We utilized HPS mouse models and human lung tissue to investigate mechanisms of AT2 cell dysfunction driving fibrotic remodeling in HPS. Starting at 8 weeks of age, HPS mice exhibited progressive loss of AT2 cell numbers. HPS AT2 cell was impaired ex vivo and in vivo. Incorporating AT2 cell lineage tracing in HPS mice, we observed aberrant differentiation with increased AT2-derived alveolar epithelial type I cells. Transcriptomic analysis of HPS AT2 cells revealed elevated expression of genes associated with aberrant differentiation and p53 activation. Lineage tracing and modeling studies demonstrated that HPS AT2 cells were primed to persist in a Krt8+ reprogrammed transitional state, mediated by p53 activity. Intrinsic AT2 progenitor cell dysfunction and p53 pathway dysregulation are novel mechanisms of disease in HPS-related pulmonary fibrosis, with the potential for early targeted intervention before the onset of fibrotic lung disease.
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2
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Chen M, Tan J, Jin Z, Jiang T, Wu J, Yu X. Research progress on Sirtuins (SIRTs) family modulators. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116481. [PMID: 38522239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) represent a class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases that exert a crucial role in cellular signal transduction and various biological processes. The mammalian sirtuins family encompasses SIRT1 to SIRT7, exhibiting therapeutic potential in counteracting cellular aging, modulating metabolism, responding to oxidative stress, inhibiting tumors, and improving cellular microenvironment. These enzymes are intricately linked to the occurrence and treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. Given the significance of histone modification in gene expression and chromatin structure, maintaining the equilibrium of the sirtuins family is imperative for disease prevention and health restoration. Mounting evidence suggests that modulators of SIRTs play a crucial role in treating various diseases and maintaining physiological balance. This review delves into the molecular structure and regulatory functions of the sirtuins family, reviews the classification and historical evolution of SIRTs modulators, offers a systematic overview of existing SIRTs modulation strategies, and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of SIRTs modulators (agonists and inhibitors) and their clinical applications. The article concludes by summarizing the challenges encountered in SIRTs modulator research and offering insights into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Chen
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfei Tan
- School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Jin
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiabiao Wu
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Zahid LU, Zaib S, Saeed A, Alharbi HY, Aljohani MS, Alharbi O, Rana N, Khan I, Shabir G, Ahmed A, Saleem A, Awwad NS, Ibrahium HA. Synthesis, Glucosidase Inhibition, and In Silico Modeling Analysis of Highly Fluorinated 2-Imino-1,3-thiazolines in Search of Potent Antidiabetic Agents. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15603-15614. [PMID: 38585118 PMCID: PMC10993276 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the present work, 2-imino-1,3-thiazolines featuring highly fluorinated fragments were synthesized through a straightforward cyclization of diversely substituted thioureas with 2-bromo-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethan-1-one. The target compounds were obtained in good yields, and structures were established by FTIR and 1H- and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods. The in vitro biological assay revealed that all the compounds significantly obstruct the α-glucosidase. Compound 6d (3-fluoro-N-(3-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)benzamide) showed the highest antidiabetic potential with an IC50 value of 1.47 ± 0.05 μM. In addition, computational analysis revealed the binding energy of -11.1 kcal/mol for 6d which was lower than the positive standard, acarbose (-7.9 kcal/mol). Several intermolecular interactions between the active site residues and 6d highlight the significance of 2-imino-1,3-thiazoline core in attaining the potent efficacy and making these compounds a valuable pharmacophore in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutf ullah Zahid
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department
of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussam Y. Alharbi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah
University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S. Aljohani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah
University, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Alharbi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah
University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Rana
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Ghulam Shabir
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atteeque Ahmed
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Saleem
- Department
of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nasser S. Awwad
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A. Ibrahium
- Biology
Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Panczyszyn E, Saverio V, Monzani R, Gagliardi M, Petrovic J, Stojkovska J, Collavin L, Corazzari M. FSP1 is a predictive biomarker of osteosarcoma cells' susceptibility to ferroptotic cell death and a potential therapeutic target. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:87. [PMID: 38368399 PMCID: PMC10874395 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma (OS) is a relatively rare malignancy preferentially affecting long body bones which prognosis is often poor also due to the lack of effective therapies. Clinical management of this cancer basically relies on surgical removal of primary tumor coupled with radio/chemotherapy. Unfortunately, most osteosarcoma cells are resistant to conventional therapy, with the undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) giving rise to gene expression reprogramming, thus increasing cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic potential. Alternative clinical approaches are thus urgently needed. In this context, the recently described ferroptotic cell death represents an attractive new strategy to efficiently kill cancer cells, since most chemoresistant and mesenchymal-shaped tumors display high susceptibility to pro-ferroptotic compounds. However, cancer cells have also evolved anti-ferroptotic strategies, which somehow sustain their survival upon ferroptosis induction. Indeed, here we show that osteosarcoma cell lines display heterogeneous sensitivity to ferroptosis execution, correlating with the mesenchymal phenotype, which is consistently affected by the expression of the well-known anti-ferroptotic factor ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1). Interestingly, inhibiting the activity or expression of FSP1 restores cancer cell sensitivity to ferroptosis. Moreover, we also found that: i) AKRs might also contribute to resistance; ii) NRF2 enhances FSP1 expression upon ferroptosis induction; while iii) p53 contributes to the regulation of FSP1 basal expression in OS cells.In conclusion, FSP1 expression can potentially be used as a valuable predictive marker of OS sensitivity to ferroptosis and as a new potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Panczyszyn
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Valentina Saverio
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Romina Monzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mara Gagliardi
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Jelena Petrovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Stojkovska
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Licio Collavin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Sciences and Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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Boittin FX, Guitard N, Toth M, Riccobono D, Théry H, Bobe R. The Protein Kinase A Inhibitor KT5720 Prevents Endothelial Dysfunctions Induced by High-Dose Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2269. [PMID: 38396945 PMCID: PMC10889412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
High-dose irradiation can trigger numerous endothelial dysfunctions, including apoptosis, the overexpression of adhesion molecules, and alteration of adherens junctions. Altogether, these endothelial dysfunctions contribute to the development of tissue inflammation and organ damage. The development of endothelial dysfunctions may depend on protein phosphorylation by various protein kinases, but the possible role of protein kinase A (PKA) has not been investigated so far, and efficient compounds able to protect the endothelium from irradiation effects are needed. Here we report the beneficial effects of the PKA inhibitor KT5720 on a panel of irradiation-induced endothelial dysfunctions in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). High-dose X-irradiation (15 Gy) triggered the late apoptosis of HPMECs independent of the ceramide/P38 MAP kinase pathway or p53. In contrast, the treatment of HPMECs with KT5720 completely prevented irradiation-induced apoptosis, whether applied before or after cell irradiation. Immunostainings of irradiated monolayers revealed that KT5720 treatment preserved the overall integrity of endothelial monolayers and adherens junctions linking endothelial cells. Real-time impedance measurements performed in HPMEC monolayers confirmed the overall protective role of KT5720 against irradiation. Treatment with KT5720 before or after irradiation also reduced irradiation-induced ICAM-1 overexpression. Finally, the possible role for PKA in the development of endothelial dysfunctions is discussed, but the potency of KT5720 to inhibit the development of a panel of irradiation-induced endothelial dysfunctions, whether applied before or after irradiation, suggests that this compound could be of great interest for both the prevention and treatment of vascular damages in the event of exposure to a high dose of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Boittin
- Unité de Radiobiologie, Département Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements, IRBA—Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Place du Général Valérie André, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Nathalie Guitard
- Unité de Radiobiologie, Département Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements, IRBA—Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Place du Général Valérie André, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Maeliss Toth
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Laboratory of Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology U1180, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Diane Riccobono
- Unité de Radiobiologie, Département Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements, IRBA—Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Place du Général Valérie André, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Hélène Théry
- Unité de Radiobiologie, Département Effets Biologiques des Rayonnements, IRBA—Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Place du Général Valérie André, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Régis Bobe
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Hémostase Inflammation Thrombose HITh U1176, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France;
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6
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Zhang H, Konjusha D, Rafati N, Tararuk T, Hallböök F. Inhibition of high level E2F in a RB1 proficient MYCN overexpressing chicken retinoblastoma model normalizes neoplastic behaviour. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:209-227. [PMID: 37606819 PMCID: PMC10899388 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoblastoma, a childhood cancer, is most frequently caused by bi-allelic inactivation of RB1 gene. However, other oncogenic mutations such as MYCN amplification can induce retinoblastoma with proficient RB1. Previously, we established RB1-proficient MYCN-overexpressing retinoblastoma models both in human organoids and chicken. Here, we investigate the regulatory events in MYCN-induced retinoblastoma carcinogenesis based on the model in chicken. METHODS MYCN transformed retinal cells in culture were obtained from in vivo MYCN electroporated chicken embryo retina. The expression profiles were analysed by RNA sequencing. Chemical treatments, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry and western blot were applied to study the properties and function of these cells. RESULTS The expression profile of MYCN-transformed retinal cells in culture showed cone photoreceptor progenitor signature and robustly increased levels of E2Fs. This expression profile was consistently observed in long-term culture. Chemical treatments confirmed RB1 proficiency in these cells. The cells were insensitive to p53 activation but inhibition of E2f efficiently induced cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, with proficient RB1, MYCN-induced high level of E2F expression dysregulates the cell cycle and contributes to retinoblastoma carcinogenesis. The increased level of E2f renders the cells to adopt a similar mechanistic phenotype to a RB1-deficient tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dardan Konjusha
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nima Rafati
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tatsiana Tararuk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Finn Hallböök
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Udroiu I, Marinaccio J, Sgura A. Effects of p53 and ATRX inhibition on telomeric recombination in aging fibroblasts. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1322438. [PMID: 38333682 PMCID: PMC10850245 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1322438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to avoid replicative senescence, tumor cells must acquire a telomere maintenance mechanism. Beside telomerase activation, a minority of tumors employs a recombinational mechanism called Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT). Several studies have investigated the potential ALT stimulation by inactivation of ATRX in tumor cells, obtaining contrasting results. Differently, since ALT can be viewed as a mechanism to overcome telomere shortening-mediated replicative senescence, we have investigated the effects of the inhibition of ATRX and p53 in aging primary fibroblasts. We observed that senescence leads to a phenotype that seems permissive for ALT activity, i.e. high levels of ALT-associated PML bodies (APB), telomeric damage and telomeric cohesion. On the other hand, RAD51 is highly repressed and thus telomeric recombination, upon which the ALT machinery relies, is almost absent. Silencing of ATRX greatly increases telomeric recombination in young cells, but is not able to overcome senescence-induced repression of homologous recombination. Conversely, inhibition of both p53 and ATRX leads to a phenotype reminiscent of some aspects of ALT activity, with a further increase of APB, a decrease of telomere shortening (and increased proliferation) and, above all, an increase of telomeric recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Udroiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università “Roma Tre“, Rome, Italy
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8
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Fietz A, Corsi F, Hurst J, Schnichels S. Blue Light Damage and p53: Unravelling the Role of p53 in Oxidative-Stress-Induced Retinal Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2072. [PMID: 38136192 PMCID: PMC10740515 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the digital age, the widespread presence of electronic devices has exposed humans to an exceptional amount of blue light (BL) emitted from screens, LEDs, and other sources. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to BL could have harmful effects on the visual system and circadian rhythm regulation. BL is known to induce oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage. Emerging research indicates that BL may also induce cell death pathways that involve the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Activated p53 acts as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. This study aimed to explore the implication of p53 in BL-caused retinal damage, shedding light on the potential mechanisms of oxidative-stress-induced retinal diseases. BL-exposed porcine retinal cultures demonstrated increased p53- and caspase-mediated apoptosis, depending on exposure duration. Direct inhibition of p53 via pifithrin α resulted in the prevention of retinal cell death. These findings raise concerns about the long-term consequences of the current daily BL exposure and its potential involvement in various pathological conditions, including oxidative-stress-based retinal diseases like age-related macular degeneration. In addition, this study paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for oxidative-stress-based retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Fietz
- Center for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Francesca Corsi
- Center for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - José Hurst
- Center for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Sven Schnichels
- Center for Ophthalmology Tübingen, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.F.); (F.C.); (S.S.)
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9
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Moraes CO, Santos RBC, Cavalcante MFO, Guilhermi JS, Ali MA, Botteselle GV, Frizon TEA, Shah MIA, Lião LM, Beatriz A, Saba S, Rafique J. Urea Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethyl Lactate, an Eco-Friendly Combo System in the Direct C(sp 2)-H Bond Selenylation of Imidazo[2,1- b]thiazole and Related Structures. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39535-39545. [PMID: 37901565 PMCID: PMC10600889 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a urea hydrogen peroxide-mediated sustainable protocol for the synthesis of selenylated imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole by using half molar equivalent diorganyl diselenides in ethyl lactate as a greener solvent. The reaction features high yields, easy performance on gram scale, metal-free conditions, as well as applicability to imidazopyridine and imidazopyrimidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio
A. O. Moraes
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo
Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Rafaely B. C. Santos
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo
Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Marcos F. O. Cavalcante
- LABSO,
Instituto de Química, Universidade
Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Jhefferson S. Guilhermi
- LABSO,
Instituto de Química, Universidade
Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Muhammad A. Ali
- Institute
of Chemistry (ICS), University of Peshawar—UOP, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Giancarlo V. Botteselle
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Estadual
do Centro-Oeste—UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, Paraná 85819110, Brazil
| | - Tiago E. A. Frizon
- Universidade
Federal de Santa Catarina—UFSC, Campus Araranguá, Araranguá, Santa Catarina 88905120, Brazil
| | - Muhammad I. A. Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan
| | - Luciano M. Lião
- LABSO,
Instituto de Química, Universidade
Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Adilson Beatriz
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo
Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79074-460, Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- LABSO,
Instituto de Química, Universidade
Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo
Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79074-460, Brazil
- LABSO,
Instituto de Química, Universidade
Federal de Goiás—UFG, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
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10
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Udroiu I, Marinaccio J, Sgura A. Inhibition of p53 and ATRX increases telomeric recombination in primary fibroblasts. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1683-1698. [PMID: 37499040 PMCID: PMC10476563 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere length can be maintained either by the telomerase enzyme or by alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), which is based on telomeric recombination. However, both mechanisms are inactive in most human somatic cells. ATRX has been previously identified as an ALT repressor gene. Nonetheless, TP53 is also deficient in most ALT cell lines, and previous works showed that it is an inhibitor of homologous recombination (HR). Despite this, the role of p53 as an ALT repressor has not been previously examined. Therefore, we investigated the effects of p53 and ATRX inhibition on normal human fibroblasts (devoid of any mutation), in the presence or absence of X-ray-induced telomeric damage. Performing immunofluorescence with antibodies for RAD51, H2AX, and TRF1 (for studying HR-mediated DNA damage repair) and CO-FISH (for telomeric sister chromatid exchanges), we observed that HR is a normal mechanism for the repair of telomeric damage, present also in noncancer cells. Moreover, we discovered that telomeric HR, as for HR in general, is significantly inhibited by p53. Indeed, we observed that inhibition of p53 drastically increases telomeric sister chromatid exchanges. We also confirmed that ATRX inhibition increases telomeric recombination. In particular, we observed an increase in crossover products, but a much higher increase in noncrossover products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Udroiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università "Roma Tre", Italy
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11
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Templeton CW, Laimins LA. p53-dependent R-loop formation and HPV pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305907120. [PMID: 37611058 PMCID: PMC10467572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305907120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
R-loops are trimeric RNA: DNA hybrids that are important physiological regulators of transcription; however, their aberrant formation or turnover leads to genomic instability and DNA breaks. High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of genital as well as oropharyngeal cancers and exhibit enhanced amounts of DNA breaks. The levels of R-loops were found to be increased up to 50-fold in cells that maintain high-risk HPV genomes and were readily detected in squamous cell cervical carcinomas in vivo but not in normal cells. The high levels of R-loops in HPV-positive cells were present on both viral and cellular sites together with RNase H1, an enzyme that controls their resolution. Depletion of RNase H1 in HPV-positive cells further increased R-loop levels, resulting in impaired viral transcription and replication along with reduced expression of the DNA repair genes such as FANCD2 and ATR, both of which are necessary for viral functions. Overexpression of RNase H1 decreased total R-loop levels, resulting in a reduction of DNA breaks by over 50%. Furthermore, increased RNase H1 expression blocked viral transcription and replication while enhancing the expression of factors in the innate immune regulatory pathway. This suggests that maintaining elevated R-loop levels is important for the HPV life cycle. The E6 viral oncoprotein was found to be responsible for inducing high levels of R-loops by inhibiting p53's transcriptional activity. Our studies indicate that high R-loop levels are critical for HPV pathogenesis and that this depends on suppressing the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Winslow Templeton
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Laimonis A. Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL60611
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12
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Kobiita A, Silva PN, Schmid MW, Stoffel M. FoxM1 coordinates cell division, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial activity in a subset of β cells during acute metabolic stress. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112986. [PMID: 37590136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells display functional and transcriptional heterogeneity in health and disease. The sequence of events leading to β cell heterogeneity during metabolic stress is poorly understood. Here, we characterize β cell responses to early metabolic stress in vivo by employing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq), single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and real-time imaging to decipher temporal events of chromatin remodeling and gene expression regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR), protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, and cell-cycle progression. We demonstrate that a subpopulation of β cells with active UPR, decreased protein synthesis, and insulin secretary capacities is more susceptible to proliferation after insulin depletion. Alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress precedes the progression of the cell cycle and mitosis and ensures appropriate insulin synthesis. Furthermore, metabolic stress rapidly activates key transcription factors including FoxM1, which impacts on proliferative and quiescent β cells by regulating protein synthesis, ER stress, and mitochondrial activity via direct repression of mitochondrial-encoded genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Kobiita
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pamuditha N Silva
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc W Schmid
- MWSchmid GmbH, Hauptstrasse 34, 8750 Glarus, Switzerland
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Medical Faculty, Universitäts-Spital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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13
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Ren G, Yang EJ, Tao S, Mou PK, Pu Y, Chen LJ, Shim JS. MDM2 inhibition is synthetic lethal with PTEN loss in colorectal cancer cells via the p53-dependent mechanism. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3544-3557. [PMID: 37496993 PMCID: PMC10367566 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) driven by PTEN deficiency exhibits high risk of metastasis, advancement of tumor stages and chemotherapy resistance, where no effective therapy has been developed. In this study, we performed a synthetic lethal drug screening in CRC and found that PTEN-deficient CRC cells are highly vulnerable to MDM2 inhibition. MDM2 inhibitor treatment or its silencing selectively inhibited the growth of PTEN-deficient CRC in vitro and in mice models. Mechanistically, PTEN loss increased the level of active AKT and subsequently increased MDM2 phosphorylation, thereby limiting the p53 functions in PTEN-/- CRC cells. MDM2 inhibition in turn activated p53 in CRC, particularly in PTEN-/- CRC cells. The synthetic lethal effect of MDM2 inhibitor was largely dependent on p53, because p53 silenced cells or cells lacking p53 failed to exhibit synthetic lethality in PTEN-deficient cells. We further showed that MDM2 inhibition led to the p53-dependent reversal of Bcl2-Bax ratio, which contributed to mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death in PTEN-deficient CRC. This study suggests that pharmacological targeting of MDM2 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for PTEN-deficient CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Ren
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shishi Tao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Pui Kei Mou
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yue Pu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Li-Jie Chen
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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14
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Zhu XZ, Qiu Z, Lei SQ, Leng Y, Li WY, Xia ZY. The Role of P53 in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07480-x. [PMID: 37389674 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE P53 is one of the key tumor suppressors. In normal cells, p53 is maintained at low levels by the ubiquitination of the ubiquitinated ligase MDM2. In contrast, under stress conditions such as DNA damage and ischemia, the interaction between p53 and MDM2 is blocked and activated by phosphorylation and acetylation, thereby mediating the trans-activation of p53 through its target genes to regulate a variety of cellular responses. Previous studies have shown that the expression of p53 is negligible in normal myocardium, tends to increase in myocardial ischemia and is maximally induced in ischemia-reperfused myocardium, demonstrating a possible key role of p53 in the development of MIRI. In this review, we detail and summarize recent studies on the mechanism of action of p53 in MIRI and describe the therapeutic agents targeting the relevant targets to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of MIRI. METHODS We collected 161 relevant papers mainly from Pubmed and Web of Science (search terms "p53" and "myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury"). After that, we selected pathway studies related to p53 and classified them according to their contents. We eventually analyzed and summarized them. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In this review, we detail and summarize recent studies on the mechanism of action of p53 in MIRI and validate its status as an important intermediate affecting MIRI. On the one hand, p53 is regulated and modified by multiple factors, especially non-coding RNAs; on the other hand, p53 regulates apoptosis, programmed necrosis, autophagy, iron death and oxidative stress in MIRI through multiple pathways. More importantly, several studies have reported medications targeting p53-related therapeutic targets. These medications are expected to be effective options for the alleviation of MIRI, but further safety and clinical studies are needed to convert them into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Qing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Leng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Yu H, Han Y, Cui C, Li G, Zhang B. Loss of SV2A promotes human neural stem cell apoptosis via p53 signaling. Neurosci Lett 2023; 800:137125. [PMID: 36780942 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in the regulation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells (NSCs). SV2A was highly expressed in NSCs. SV2A knockdown promotes apoptosis, which was associated with an upregulation of genes involved in p53 signaling as determined by transcriptome analysis. Treatment with the small molecule p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α reversed the promotion of NSC apoptosis induced by loss of SV2A. These results demonstrate that SV2A plays an important role in regulating NSC survival via the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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16
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Catalyst free one pot three components synthesis of 2-iminothiazoles from nitroepoxides and thiourea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3079. [PMID: 36813887 PMCID: PMC9947138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroepoxides were introduced as efficient substrates for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 2-iminothiazoles under catalyst-free conditions. Reaction of amines, isothiocyanates, and nitroepoxides in THF at 10-15 °C afforded corresponding 2-iminothiazoles in high to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds via the in situ formation of thiourea from an amine and an isothiocyanate, followed by nitroepoxide ring opening with the sulfur of thiourea, cyclization reaction, and dehydration cascade. The structures of products were confirmed by IR, NMR, HRMS analyses and X-ray crystallography.
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17
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Malhotra L, Sharma S, Hariprasad G, Dhingra R, Mishra V, Sharma RS, Kaur P, Ethayathulla AS. Mechanism of apoptosis activation by Curcumin rescued mutant p53Y220C in human pancreatic cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119343. [PMID: 36007676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mutant p53Y220C (mutp53Y220C) is frequently observed in numerous tumors, including pancreatic cancer. The mutation creates a crevice in the DNA binding core domain and makes p53 a thermally unstable non-functional protein that assists tumor progression and confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Restoring mutp53 function to its wild type by selectively targeting this crevice with small molecules is a pivotal strategy to promote apoptosis. In this study, we have shown through different biophysical and cell-based studies that curcumin binds and rescues mutp53Y220C to an active wild-type conformation and restores its apoptotic transcription function in BxPC-3-pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, the curcumin-rescued-p53Y220C (CRp53) showed significant hyperphosphorylation at Ser15, Ser20, and acetylation at Lys382 with an 8-fold increase in transcription activity in the BxPC-3 cell lines. We also observed that the active CRp53 escapes Mdm2-mediated proteasomal degradation and the majority of the proteins were localized inside the nucleus with an increased half-life and transcription restoration compared to untreated BxPC-3 cells. By label-free proteomics analysis, we observed that upon curcumin treatment almost 227 proteins were dysregulated with the majority of them being transcriptional targets of p53. Based on our studies, it reflects that apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by curcumin-rescued mutant p53Y220C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshay Malhotra
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Gururao Hariprasad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Renu Dhingra
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vandana Mishra
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Radhey S Sharma
- Bioresources and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Abdul S Ethayathulla
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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18
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Mikhailov VF, Shulenina LV. Regulation of Gene Activity Is One of the Mechanisms for Changing Radiosensitivity. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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19
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Chang HH, Lin YH, Chen TM, Tsai YL, Lai CR, Tsai WC, Cheng YC, Chen Y. ONX-0914 Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy with p53 Regulation in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225712. [PMID: 36428804 PMCID: PMC9688407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is believed to be one of the most aggressive brain tumors in the world. ONX-0914 (PR957) is a selective inhibitor of proteasome subunit beta type-8 (PSMB8). Previous studies have shown that inhibiting PSMB8 expression in glioblastoma reduces tumor progression. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether ONX-0914 has antitumor effects on human glioblastoma. The results indicated that ONX-0914 treatment inhibited survival in LN229, GBM8401, and U87MG glioblastoma cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that ONX-0914 treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. The protein expression of BCL-2 was reduced and PARP was cleaved after ONX-0914 treatment. Furthermore, the levels of p53 and phosphorylated p53 were increased by ONX-0914 treatment in glioblastoma cells. ONX-0914 also induced autophagy in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, the p53 inhibitor pifithrin attenuated apoptosis but enhanced autophagy caused by ONX-0914. In an orthotopic mouse model, TMZ plus ONX-0914 reduced tumor progression better than the control or TMZ alone. These data suggest that ONX-0914 is a novel therapeutic drug for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Rui Lai
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chiuan Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114202, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18739) (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.C.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18739) (Y.C.)
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20
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Li M, Zhong A, Wu Y, Sidharta M, Beaury M, Zhao X, Studer L, Zhou T. Transient inhibition of p53 enhances prime editing and cytosine base-editing efficiencies in human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6354. [PMID: 36302757 PMCID: PMC9613702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise gene editing in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) holds great promise for studying and potentially treating human diseases. Both prime editing and base editing avoid introducing double strand breaks, but low editing efficiencies make those techniques still an arduous process in hPSCs. Here we report that co-delivering of p53DD, a dominant negative fragment of p53, can greatly enhance prime editing and cytosine base editing efficiencies in generating precise mutations in hPSCs. We further apply PE3 in combination with p53DD to efficiently create multiple isogenic hPSC lines, including lines carrying GBA or LRRK2 mutations associated with Parkinson disease and a LMNA mutation linked to Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. We also correct GBA and LMNA mutations in the patient-specific iPSCs. Our data show that p53DD improves PE3 efficiency without compromising the genome-wide safety, making it feasible for safe and routine generation of isogenic hPSC lines for disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Li
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Aaron Zhong
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Youjun Wu
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Mega Sidharta
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Michael Beaury
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- grid.51462.340000 0001 2171 9952The SKI Stem Cell Research Facility, The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
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21
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Craniofacial Defects in Embryos with Homozygous Deletion of Eftud2 in Their Neural Crest Cells Are Not Rescued by Trp53 Deletion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169033. [PMID: 36012294 PMCID: PMC9409426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryos with homozygous mutation of Eftud2 in their neural crest cells (Eftud2ncc−/−) have brain and craniofacial malformations, hyperactivation of the P53-pathway and die before birth. Treatment of Eftud2ncc−/− embryos with pifithrin-α, a P53-inhibitor, partly improved brain and craniofacial development. To uncover if craniofacial malformations and death were indeed due to P53 hyperactivation we generated embryos with homozygous loss of function mutations in both Eftud2 and Trp53 in the neural crest cells. We evaluated the molecular mechanism underlying craniofacial development in pifithrin-α-treated embryos and in Eftud2; Trp53 double homozygous (Eftud2ncc−/−; Trp53ncc−/−) mutant embryos. Eftud2ncc−/− embryos that were treated with pifithrin-α or homozygous mutant for Trp53 in their neural crest cells showed reduced apoptosis in their neural tube and reduced P53-target activity. Furthermore, although the number of SOX10 positive cranial neural crest cells was increased in embryonic day (E) 9.0 Eftud2ncc−/−; Trp53ncc−/− embryos compared to Eftud2ncc−/− mutants, brain and craniofacial development, and survival were not improved in double mutant embryos. Furthermore, mis-splicing of both P53-regulated transcripts, Mdm2 and Foxm1, and a P53-independent transcript, Synj2bp, was increased in the head of Eftud2ncc−/−; Trp53ncc−/− embryos. While levels of Zmat3, a P53- regulated splicing factor, was similar to those of wild-type. Altogether, our data indicate that both P53-regulated and P53-independent pathways contribute to craniofacial malformations and death of Eftud2ncc−/− embryos.
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22
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Unraveling the effect of intra- and intercellular processes on acetaminophen-induced liver injury. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:27. [PMID: 35933513 PMCID: PMC9357019 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In high dosages, acetaminophen (APAP) can cause severe liver damage, but susceptibility to liver failure varies across individuals and is influenced by factors such as health status. Because APAP-induced liver injury and recovery is regulated by an intricate system of intra- and extracellular molecular signaling, we here aim to quantify the importance of specific modules in determining the outcome after an APAP insult and of potential targets for therapies that mitigate adversity. For this purpose, we integrated hepatocellular acetaminophen metabolism, DNA damage response induction and cell fate into a multiscale mechanistic liver lobule model which involves various cell types, such as hepatocytes, residential Kupffer cells and macrophages. Our model simulations show that zonal differences in metabolism and detoxification efficiency are essential determinants of necrotic damage. Moreover, the extent of senescence, which is regulated by intracellular processes and triggered by extracellular signaling, influences the potential to recover. In silico therapies at early and late time points after APAP insult indicated that prevention of necrotic damage is most beneficial for recovery, whereas interference with regulation of senescence promotes regeneration in a less pronounced way.
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23
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Lu X, Shen J, Huang S, Wang H, Liu D. Down-regulation of CLEC3B facilitates epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Tang W, Jogdeo CM, Panja S, Tang S, Ding L, Yu A, Foster KW, Dsouza D, Chhonker YS, Jensen-Smith H, Jang HS, Boesen EI, Murry DJ, Padanilam B, Oupický D. Modified chitosan for effective renal delivery of siRNA to treat acute kidney injury. Biomaterials 2022; 285:121562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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25
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Aurora kinase A inhibition induces synthetic lethality in SMAD4-deficient colorectal cancer cells via spindle assembly checkpoint activation. Oncogene 2022; 41:2734-2748. [PMID: 35393542 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SMAD4 loss-of-function mutations have been frequently observed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and are recognized as a drug target for therapeutic exploitation. In this study, we performed a synthetic lethal drug screening with SMAD4-isogenic CRC cells and found that aurora kinase A (AURKA) inhibition is synthetic lethal with SMAD4 loss. Inhibition of AURKA selectively inhibited the growth of SMAD4-/- CRC in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SMAD4 negatively regulated AURKA level, resulting in the significant elevation of AURKA in SMAD4-/- CRC cells. Inhibition of AURKA induced G2/M cell cycle delay in SMAD4+/+ CRC cells, but induced apoptosis in SMAD4-/- CRC cells. We further observed that a high level of AURKA in SMAD4-/- CRC cells led to abnormal mitotic spindles, leading to cellular aneuploidy. Moreover, SMAD4-/- CRC cells expressed high levels of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins, suggesting the hyperactivation of SAC. The silencing of key SAC proteins significantly rescued the AURKA inhibition-induced cell death in SMAD4-/- cells, suggesting that SMAD4-/- CRC cells are hyper-dependent on AURKA activity for mitotic exit and survival during SAC hyperactivation. This study presents a unique synthetic lethal interaction between SMAD4 and AURKA and suggests that AURKA could be a potential drug target in SMAD4-deficient CRC.
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Yuqiang C, Lisha Z, Jiejun W, Qin X, Niansong W. Pifithrin-α ameliorates glycerol induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury by reducing p53 activation. Ren Fail 2022; 44:473-481. [PMID: 35285384 PMCID: PMC8928845 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2048857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Rhabdomyolysis is a series of symptoms caused by the dissolution of striped muscle, and acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potential complication of severe rhabdomyolysis. The underlying causes of AKI are remarkably complex and diverse. Here, we aim to investigate whether pifithrin-α protected against rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI and to determine the involved mechanisms. Methods Intramuscular injection in the right thigh caudal muscle of C57BL/6J mice with 7.5 ml/kg saline (Group A) or of the same volume 50% glycerol was used to induce rhabdomyolysis and subsequent AKI (Group B). Pifithrin-α was injected intraperitoneally 4 h before (Group C) or 4 h after (Group D) the glycerol injection. Serum creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine were determined, and the renal cortex was histologically analyzed. Renal expression levels of interested mRNAs and proteins were determined and compared, too. Results Intramuscular injection of glycerol induced rhabdomyolysis and subsequent AKI in mice (Groups B–D). Renal function reduction and histologic injury of renal tubular epithelial cells were associated with increased p53 activation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Notably, compared with pifithrin-α rescue therapy (Group D), pretreatment of pifithrin-α (Group C) protected the mice from severe injury more effectively. Conclusions Our present study suggests that p53 may be a therapeutic target of AKI caused by glycerol, and the inhibition of p53 can block glycerol-mediated AKI by using pharmacological agents instead of genetic inhibitory approaches, which further supports that p53 played a pivotal role in renal tubular injury when challenged with glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuqiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Lisha
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Jiejun
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Niansong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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27
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Raj S, Jaiswal SK, DePamphilis ML. Cell Death and the p53 Enigma During Mammalian Embryonic Development. Stem Cells 2022; 40:227-238. [PMID: 35304609 PMCID: PMC9199838 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Twelve forms of programmed cell death (PCD) have been described in mammalian cells, but which of them occurs during embryonic development and the role played by the p53 transcription factor and tumor suppressor remains enigmatic. Although p53 is not required for mouse embryonic development, some studies conclude that PCD in pluripotent embryonic stem cells from mice (mESCs) or humans (hESCs) is p53-dependent whereas others conclude that it is not. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of embryonic development and their applications in regenerative medicine, resolving this enigma is essential. This review reconciles contradictory results based on the facts that p53 cannot induce lethality in mice until gastrulation and that experimental conditions could account for differences in results with ESCs. Consequently, activation of the G2-checkpoint in mouse ESCs is p53-independent and generally, if not always, results in noncanonical apoptosis. Once initiated, PCD occurs at equivalent rates and to equivalent extents regardless of the presence or absence of p53. However, depending on experimental conditions, p53 can accelerate initiation of PCD in ESCs and late-stage blastocysts. In contrast, DNA damage following differentiation of ESCs in vitro or formation of embryonic fibroblasts in vivo induces p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sushil K Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Present address: National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin L DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Corresponding author: Melvin L. DePamphilis, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bldg. 6A, Rm 3A15, 6 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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28
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Jiang L, Ingelshed K, Shen Y, Boddul SV, Iyer VS, Kasza Z, Sedimbi S, Lane DP, Wermeling F. CRISPR/Cas9-Induced DNA Damage Enriches for Mutations in a p53-Linked Interactome: Implications for CRISPR-Based Therapies. Cancer Res 2022; 82:36-45. [PMID: 34750099 PMCID: PMC9397613 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inactivating p53 mutations are the most abundant genetic alterations found in cancer. Here we show that CRISPR/Cas9-induced double-stranded DNA breaks enrich for cells deficient in p53 and in genes of a core CRISPR-p53 tumor suppressor interactome. Such enrichment could predispose to cancer development and thus pose a challenge for clinical CRISPR use. Transient p53 inhibition could suppress the enrichment of cells with these mutations. The level of DNA damage response induced by an sgRNA influenced the enrichment of p53-deficient cells and could be a relevant parameter in sgRNA design to limit cellular enrichment. Furthermore, a dataset of >800 human cancer cell lines identified additional factors influencing the enrichment of p53-mutated cells, including strong baseline CDKN1A expression as a predictor for an active CRISPR-p53 axis. Taken together, these data provide details about p53 biology in the context of CRISPR-induced DNA damage and identify strategies to enable safer CRISPR use. SIGNIFICANCE: CRISPR-mediated DNA damage enriches for cells with escape mutations in a core CRISPR-p53 interactome, which can be suppressed by transient inhibition of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiang
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrine Ingelshed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yunbing Shen
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanjaykumar V. Boddul
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vaishnavi Srinivasan Iyer
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zsolt Kasza
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saikiran Sedimbi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,p53 Laboratory (p53Lab), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Fredrik Wermeling
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Corresponding Author: Fredrik Wermeling, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17176, Sweden. E-mail:
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Mulberry Leaf Polyphenol Extract and Rutin Induces Autophagy Regulated by p53 in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121310. [PMID: 34959709 PMCID: PMC8704259 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The edible leaves of the mulberry (Morus alba L.) plant are used worldwide. They contain abundant polyphenolic compounds with strong anticancer properties. We previously revealed that apoptosis was mediated in p53-negative Hep3B cells, and mulberry leaf polyphenol extract (MLPE) induced autophagy in p53-transfected Hep3B cells. However, how this autophagy is induced by p53 in human hepatoma HepG2 (p53 wild type) cells remains unclear. In the current study, MLPE induced autophagy, as demonstrated by enhanced acidic vesicular organelle staining, by upregulating beclin-1, increasing LC3-II conversion, and phosphorylating AMPK. In HepG2 cells, these processes were associated with p53. Western blot also revealed phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), p-AKT, and fatty acid synthase (FASN) suppression in MLPE-treated cells. Moreover, treatment with the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α) inhibited autophagy and increased apoptotic response in MLPE-treated HepG2 cells. PFT-α treatment also reversed MLPE-induced PI3K, p-AKT, and FASN suppression. Thus, co-treatment with MLPE and PFT-α significantly increased caspase-3, caspase-8, and cytochrome c release, indicating that p53 deficiency caused the apoptosis. In addition, rutin, a bioactive polyphenol in MLPE, may affect autophagy in HepG2 cells. This study demonstrates that MLPE is a potential anticancer agent targeting autophagy and apoptosis in cells with p53 status. Moreover, this work provides insight into the mechanism of p53 action in MLPE-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Cao L, Yan D, Xiao J, Feng H, Chang MX. The Zebrafish Antiapoptotic Protein BIRC2 Promotes Edwardsiella piscicida Infection by Inhibiting Caspases and Accumulating p53 in a p53 Transcription-Dependent and -Independent Manner. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781680. [PMID: 34887869 PMCID: PMC8650707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis) are endogenous caspase inhibitors with multiple biological activities. In the present study, we show functional characteristics of antiapoptotic protein BIRC2 (cIAP1) in response to Edwardsiella piscicida infection. Overexpression of BIRC2 in zebrafish larvae promoted the proliferation of E. piscicida, leading to a decreased larvae survival. The expression levels of caspases including casp3, casp8, and casp9 were significantly inhibited by BIRC2 overexpression in the case of E. piscicida infection. Treatment of zebrafish larvae microinjected with BIRC2 with the caspase activator PAC-1 completely blocked the negative regulation of BIRC2 on the E. piscicida infection, with the reduced inhibition on the casp3 and without inhibition on casp8 and casp9. In contrast to the regulation of BIRC2 on the caspases, BIRC2 overexpression significantly induced the expression of p53, especially at 24 hpi. In addition to the cytoplasmic p53 expression, BIRC2 overexpression also induced the expression of the nuclear p53 protein. Further analysis demonstrated that BIRC2 could interact and colocalize with p53 in the cytoplasm. The numbers of E. piscicida in larvae overexpressed with BIRC2 and treated with pifithrin-μ (an inhibitor of mitochondrial p53) or pifithrin-α (an inhibitor of p53 transactivation) were lower than those of larvae without pifithrin-μ or pifithrin-α treatment. Critically, the p53 inactivators pifithrin-μ and pifithrin-α had no significant effect on larval survival, but completely rescued larval survival for zebrafish microinjected with BIRC2 in the case of E. piscicida infection. Collectively, the present study suggest that piscine BIRC2 is a negative regulator for antibacterial immune response in response to the E. piscicida infection via inhibiting caspases, and accumulating p53 in a p53 transcription-dependent and -independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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31
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Chien CC, Wu MS, Chou SW, Jargalsaikhan G, Chen YC. Roles of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, and p53 in evodiamine-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Chin Med 2021; 16:134. [PMID: 34886886 PMCID: PMC8656090 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have shown that evodiamine (EVO) as paclitaxel and nocodazole could trigger apoptosis in various human cancer cells including human renal cell carcinoma cells, colorectal carcinoma cells, and glioblastoma cells. This study aims to investigate the anti-cancer effects of EVO on human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells, and underlining mechanism. METHODS Two different endogenous p53 status human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells including SW1736 (wtp53) and KAT4B (mutp53) were applied in the present study. The cytotoxicity of EVO on ATC cells was measured by MTT assay, and apoptosis and G2/M arrest were detected by propidium iodide (PI) staining followed by flow cytometry. Expression of indicated proteins was evaluated by Western blotting analysis, and pharmacological studies using chemical inhibitors and siRNA were performed for elucidating underlying mechanism. The roles of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species were investigated by flow cytometry using DiOC6 and DCFH-DA dye, respectively. RESULTS SW1736 (wtp53) cells showed a higher apoptotic percentage than KAT4B (mutp53) cells in response to EVO stimulation via a flow cytometric analysis. Mechanistic studies showed that increased p53 and its downstream proteins, and disrupted MMP with increased intracellular peroxide production participated in EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest of SW1736 cells. In EVO-treated KAT4B cells, significant increases in G2/M percentage but little apoptotic events by EVO was observed. Structure-activity analysis showed that an alkyl group at position 14 was critical for induction of apoptosis related to ROS production and MMP disruption in SW1736 cells. CONCLUSION Evidence indicated that the endogenous p53 status affected the sensitivity of ATC cells to EVO-induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest, revealing the potential role of p53 related to increased ROS production and disrupted MMP in the anticancer actions of EVO, and alkylation at position 14 of EVO is a critical substitution for apoptosis of ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chiang Chien
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shun Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ganbolor Jargalsaikhan
- International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.,Liver Center, 14230, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yen-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing St, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,International MS/PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Research Center and Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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32
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Jaiswal SK, Raj S, DePamphilis ML. Developmental Acquisition of p53 Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111675. [PMID: 34828285 PMCID: PMC8622856 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remarkably, the p53 transcription factor, referred to as “the guardian of the genome”, is not essential for mammalian development. Moreover, efforts to identify p53-dependent developmental events have produced contradictory conclusions. Given the importance of pluripotent stem cells as models of mammalian development, and their applications in regenerative medicine and disease, resolving these conflicts is essential. Here we attempt to reconcile disparate data into justifiable conclusions predicated on reports that p53-dependent transcription is first detected in late mouse blastocysts, that p53 activity first becomes potentially lethal during gastrulation, and that apoptosis does not depend on p53. Furthermore, p53 does not regulate expression of genes required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs); it contributes to ESC genomic stability and differentiation. Depending on conditions, p53 accelerates initiation of apoptosis in ESCs in response to DNA damage, but cell cycle arrest as well as the rate and extent of apoptosis in ESCs are p53-independent. In embryonic fibroblasts, p53 induces cell cycle arrest to allow repair of DNA damage, and cell senescence to prevent proliferation of cells with extensive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K. Jaiswal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonam Raj
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Melvin L. DePamphilis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Pesi R, Allegrini S, Garcia-Gil M, Piazza L, Moschini R, Jordheim LP, Camici M, Tozzi MG. Cytosolic 5'-Nucleotidase II Silencing in Lung Tumor Cells Regulates Metabolism through Activation of the p53/AMPK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137004. [PMID: 34209768 PMCID: PMC8268954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase II (cN-II) is an allosteric catabolic enzyme that hydrolyzes IMP, GMP, and AMP. The enzyme can assume at least two different structures, being the more active conformation stabilized by ATP and the less active by inorganic phosphate. Therefore, the variation in ATP concentration can control both structure and activity of cN-II. In this paper, using a capillary electrophoresis technique, we demonstrated that a partial silencing of cN-II in a pulmonary carcinoma cell line (NCI-H292) is accompanied by a decrease in adenylate pool, without affecting the energy charge. We also found that cN-II silencing decreased proliferation and increased oxidative metabolism, as indicated by the decreased production of lactate. These effects, as demonstrated by Western blotting, appear to be mediated by both p53 and AMP-activated protein kinase, as most of them are prevented by pifithrin-α, a known p53 inhibitor. These results are in line with our previous observations of a shift towards a more oxidative and less proliferative phenotype of tumoral cells with a low expression of cN-II, thus supporting the search for specific inhibitors of this enzyme as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Pesi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-1459
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Unità di Fisiologia Generale, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Piazza
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Roberta Moschini
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- CISUP, Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione dell’Università di Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Marcella Camici
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Unità di Biochimica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (R.P.); (L.P.); (R.M.); (M.C.); (M.G.T.)
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34
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Zhang J, Terán G, Popa M, Madapura H, Ladds MJGW, Lianoudaki D, Grünler J, Arsenian-Henriksson M, McCormack E, Rottenberg ME, Catrina SB, Laín S, Darekar S. DHODH inhibition modulates glucose metabolism and circulating GDF15, and improves metabolic balance. iScience 2021; 24:102494. [PMID: 34113829 PMCID: PMC8169992 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is essential for the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides, and as such, its inhibitors have been long used to treat autoimmune diseases and are in clinical trials for cancer and viral infections. Interestingly, DHODH is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and contributes to provide ubiquinol to the respiratory chain. Thus, DHODH provides the link between nucleotide metabolism and mitochondrial function. Here we show that pharmacological inhibition of DHODH reduces mitochondrial respiration, promotes glycolysis, and enhances GLUT4 translocation to the cytoplasmic membrane and that by activating tumor suppressor p53, increases the expression of GDF15, a cytokine that reduces appetite and prolongs lifespan. In addition, similar to the antidiabetic drug metformin, we observed that in db/db mice, DHODH inhibitors elevate levels of circulating GDF15 and reduce food intake. Further analysis using this model for obesity-induced diabetes revealed that DHODH inhibitors delay pancreatic β cell death and improve metabolic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Graciela Terán
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mihaela Popa
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Harsha Madapura
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Danai Lianoudaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Grünler
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Arsenian-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmet McCormack
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, CCBIO, Department of Clinical Science, Hematology Section, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Enrique Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, 11365 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Laín
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suhas Darekar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 23, SE-171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers quinone exhibits neurotoxicity by inducing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and p53-driven adaptive response in microglia BV2 cells. Toxicology 2021; 457:152807. [PMID: 33961949 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are world-wide used flame retardants before they were listed as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention. Previously, our studies indicated that a quinone type of PBDE metabolite (PBDEQ) exposure was linked with neurotoxicity via excess free radical formation and oxidative stress. However, it is current unknown the effect of PBDEQ on genetic biomacromolecules DNA and corresponding biological consequences in neurological cells. Here, by employing phosphorylated histone H2AX in Serine 139 (γ-H2AX) and comet assay in microglia BV2 cells, our data suggested PBDEQ could triggered DNA damage. Furthermore, PBDEQ exposure led to the caspase 3-dependent cell apoptosis. Moreover, PBDEQ induced G2/M-phase cell arrest in a p53-dependent manner. Notably, p53 activation coordinated cell cycle progression, alleviated DNA damage and ultimately mitigated apoptosis in BV2 cells. Finally, antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) inhibited p53 activation upon PBDEQ exposure, and then ameliorated PBDEQ-induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which illustrated that PBDEQ-induced DNA damage and p53 activation were mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Together, the current findings unveil the fundamental toxicological mechanisms of PBDEQ, which propose a potential therapeutic strategy against the adverse effect caused by PBDE exposure.
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Men H, Cai H, Cheng Q, Zhou W, Wang X, Huang S, Zheng Y, Cai L. The regulatory roles of p53 in cardiovascular health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2001-2018. [PMID: 33179140 PMCID: PMC11073000 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality globally, so further investigation is required to identify its underlying mechanisms and potential targets for its prevention. The transcription factor p53 functions as a gatekeeper, regulating a myriad of genes to maintain normal cell functions. It has received a great deal of research attention as a tumor suppressor. In the past three decades, evidence has also shown a regulatory role for p53 in the heart. Basal p53 is essential for embryonic cardiac development; it is also necessary to maintain normal heart architecture and physiological function. In pathological cardiovascular circumstances, p53 expression is elevated in both patient samples and animal models. Elevated p53 plays a regulatory role via anti-angiogenesis, pro-programmed cell death, metabolism regulation, and cell cycle arrest regulation. This largely promotes the development of CVDs, particularly cardiac remodeling in the infarcted heart, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Roles for p53 have also been found in atherosclerosis and chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. However, it has different roles in cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes, even in the same model. In this review, we describe the different effects of p53 in cardiovascular physiological and pathological conditions, in addition to potential CVD therapies targeting p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Men
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - He Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Quanli Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wenqian Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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BOP1 Knockdown Attenuates Neointimal Hyperplasia by Activating p53 and Inhibiting Nascent Protein Synthesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5986260. [PMID: 33510838 PMCID: PMC7826231 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5986260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rate of ribosome biogenesis plays a vital role in cell cycle progression and proliferation and is strongly connected with coronary restenosis and atherosclerosis. Blocking of proliferation 1 (BOP1) has been found as an evolutionarily conserved gene and a pivotal regulator of ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. However, little is known about its role in neointimal formation and its relationship with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration. The present study mainly explores the effect of BOP1 on VSMCs, the progression of neointimal hyperplasia, and the pathogenic mechanism. The expression of BOP1 was found to be significantly elevated during neointimal formation in human coronary samples and the rat balloon injury model. BOP1 knockdown inspires the nucleolus stress, which subsequently activates the p53-dependent stress response pathway, and inhibits the nascent protein synthesis, which subsequently inhibits the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. Knockdown ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) by transfecting with siRNA or inhibiting p53 by pifithrin-α (PFT-α) partly reserved the biological effects induced by BOP1 knockdown. The present study revealed that BOP1 deletion attenuates VSMC proliferation and migration by activating the p53-dependent nucleolus stress response pathway and inhibits the synthesis of nascent proteins. BOP1 may become a novel biological target for neointimal hyperplasia.
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TAF1A and ZBTB41 serve as novel key genes in cervical cancer identified by integrated approaches. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:1298-1311. [PMID: 33311601 PMCID: PMC8636252 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Numerous studies have found that the development of CC was associated with multiple genes. However, the mechanisms on gene level are enigmatic, hindering the understanding of its functional roles. This study sought to identify prognostic biomarkers of CC, and explore their biological functions. Here we conducted an integrated analysis to screen potential vital genes. Candidate genes were further tested by experiments in clinical specimens and cancer cell line. Then, molecular modeling was used to predict the three-dimensional structure of candidate genes’ proteins, and the interaction pattern was analyzed by docking simulation technique. Among the potential genes identified, we found that TAF1A and ZBTB41 were highly correlated. Furthermore, there was a definite interaction between the proteins of TAF1A and ZBTB41, which was affected by the activity of the p53 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings identified TAF1A and ZBTB41 could serve as biomarkers of CC. We confirmed their biological function and deciphered their interaction for the first time, which may be helpful for developing further researches.
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Atkins A, Xu MJ, Li M, Rogers NP, Pryzhkova MV, Jordan PW. SMC5/6 is required for replication fork stability and faithful chromosome segregation during neurogenesis. eLife 2020; 9:e61171. [PMID: 33200984 PMCID: PMC7723410 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of SMC5/6 components cause developmental defects, including primary microcephaly. To model neurodevelopmental defects, we engineered a mouse wherein Smc5 is conditionally knocked out (cKO) in the developing neocortex. Smc5 cKO mice exhibited neurodevelopmental defects due to neural progenitor cell (NPC) apoptosis, which led to reduction in cortical layer neurons. Smc5 cKO NPCs formed DNA bridges during mitosis and underwent chromosome missegregation. SMC5/6 depletion triggers a CHEK2-p53 DNA damage response, as concomitant deletion of the Trp53 tumor suppressor or Chek2 DNA damage checkpoint kinase rescued Smc5 cKO neurodevelopmental defects. Further assessment using Smc5 cKO and auxin-inducible degron systems demonstrated that absence of SMC5/6 leads to DNA replication stress at late-replicating regions such as pericentromeric heterochromatin. In summary, SMC5/6 is important for completion of DNA replication prior to entering mitosis, which ensures accurate chromosome segregation. Thus, SMC5/6 functions are critical in highly proliferative stem cells during organism development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Atkins
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Michelle J Xu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Maggie Li
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Nathaniel P Rogers
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Marina V Pryzhkova
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Philip W Jordan
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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40
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Li Q, Karim RM, Cheng M, Das M, Chen L, Zhang C, Lawrence HR, Daughdrill GW, Schonbrunn E, Ji H, Chen J. Inhibition of p53 DNA binding by a small molecule protects mice from radiation toxicity. Oncogene 2020; 39:5187-5200. [PMID: 32555331 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are attractive therapeutic targets that are considered non-druggable because they do not have binding sites for small drug-like ligands. We established a cell-free high-throughput screening assay to search for small molecule inhibitors of DNA binding by transcription factors. A screen was performed using p53 as a target, resulting in the identification of NSC194598 that inhibits p53 sequence-specific DNA binding in vitro (IC50 = 180 nM) and in vivo. NSC194598 selectively inhibited DNA binding by p53 and homologs p63/p73, but did not affect E2F1, TCF1, and c-Myc. Treatment of cells with NSC194598 alone paradoxically led to p53 accumulation and modest increase of transcriptional output owing to disruption of the MDM2-negative feedback loop. When p53 was stabilized and activated by irradiation or chemotherapy drug treatment, NSC194598 inhibited p53 DNA binding and induction of target genes. A single dose of NSC194598 increased the survival of mice after irradiation. The results suggest DNA binding by p53 can be targeted using small molecules to reduce acute toxicity to normal tissues by radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rezaul M Karim
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mo Cheng
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mousumi Das
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- High-throughput Screening Facility, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Gary W Daughdrill
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ernst Schonbrunn
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Haitao Ji
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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