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Mashiko D, Tokoro M, Yao T, Yamagata K. Intraperitoneal administration of mouse kisspeptin-10 to mice during estrus stage induces pseudopregnancy. Genes Cells 2023; 28:906-914. [PMID: 37886801 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for producing pseudopregnant mice supports pup production. In this study, pregnant ICR were obtained mice without mating with vasectomized mice via administration of mouse Kisspeptin-10 (mKp-10) and transferring blastocysts to the uterus. Blastocyst transfer after mKp-10 administration to mice with gapping and reddish pink vagina resulted in 65.2% (15/23) pregnancies, and 39.1% (34/87) of the transferred blastocysts showed full-term growth. Vaginal smears were observed for accurate estrus cycle determination, and subsequent administration of mKp10 to mice during the estrus stage and blastocyst transfer resulted in 95.2% (20/21) pregnancies and 50.7% (104/205) birth rates. Regarding 2-cell transfer after administration of mKp-10, 100% (8/8) of the mice became pregnant, and 45.0% (36/80) of the embryos were born. Administration of mKp-10 to mice during the estrus stage is a convenient way to generate pseudopregnant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Mashiko
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tokoro
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
- Asada Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Asada Ladies Clinic, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Yao
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
- Research and Development Center, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamagata
- Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
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Stone BJ, Srodulski SJ. Inducing Pseudopregnancy in Female Mice Without the Need for Vasectomized Males Prior to Non-Surgical Embryo Transfer or Artificial Insemination. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65477. [PMID: 37486140 PMCID: PMC10642351 DOI: 10.3791/65477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
For successfully maintaining pregnancy with embryo transfer or artificial insemination, female recipient mice must be induced into a pseudopregnant state. Female mice are traditionally paired overnight with vasectomized males, and the following morning, the presence of a copulation plug is assessed. To increase the efficiency of producing pseudopregnant females, a cervical manipulation technique has been standardized to be used in combination with non-surgical embryo transfer or artificial insemination techniques in mice. The blunt end of a small plastic rod is inserted vaginally to contact the cervix and is vibrated for 30 s by contact with a trimmer. The procedure is quick and does not require anesthesia or analgesia. This technique increases the reliability and predictability of producing pseudopregnant females and entirely eliminates the requirement for vasectomized males. For CD1 mice, the efficiency of pseudopregnancy induction using cervical manipulation was 83% for females in estrus (N = 76) but only 38% of females in estrus were plugged by vasectomized males (N = 24). Artificial insemination in CD1 mice was performed by estrus synchronization with hormones, cervical manipulation, and the uterine transfer of sperm. Artificial insemination recipients receiving cervical manipulation (N = 76) had a pregnancy rate of 72% and an average litter size of 8.3 pups. This method can also be used to produce pseudopregnant females for non-surgical embryo transfer. Therefore, inducing pseudopregnancy by cervical manipulation is a convenient and efficient alternative to mating with a vasectomized male when performing non-surgical assisted reproduction techniques. Using cervical manipulation provides 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) benefits for assisted reproduction techniques by reducing the number of animals required and eliminating the necessity for surgically altered males.
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Wake Y, Endo M, Tsunoda S, Tawara H, Abe H, Nakagawa Y, Kaneko T. Successful induction of pseudopregnancy using sonic vibration in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3604. [PMID: 36869082 PMCID: PMC9984469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) is an essential reproductive technology for the production of new animal strains and maintenance of genetic resources. We developed a method, named Easy-ET, to induce pseudopregnancy in female rats by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of mating with vasectomized males. This study examined the application of this method for the induction of pseudopregnancy in mice. Offspring were obtained from two-cell embryos transferred into females with pseudopregnancy induced using sonic vibration in proestrus on the day before embryo transfer. Furthermore, high developmental rates of offspring were observed when pronuclear and two-cell embryos were transferred to females in estrus that were stimulated on the day of embryo transfer. Genome-edited mice were also obtained using frozen-warmed pronuclear embryos with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated system (Cas) nucleases introduced using the technique for animal knockout system by electroporation (TAKE) method, which were transferred to females with pseudopregnancy induced on the day of embryo transfer. This study demonstrated that induction of pseudopregnancy by sonic vibration was also possible in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Wake
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Marina Endo
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | | | | | - Hisayuki Abe
- Institute for Animal Reproduction, Ibaraki, 300-0134, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Science, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
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Kaneko T. Genome Editing of Rat. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2637:223-231. [PMID: 36773150 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3016-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Many genetically engineered rat strains have been produced by the development of genome editing technology, although it used to be technical difficulty and low production efficiency. Knockout and knock-in strains can be simple and quick produced using zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9. Presently, genome edited strains have been produced by microinjection and a new electroporation method named technique for animal knockout system by electroporation (TAKE). This chapter presents the latest protocols for producing genome edited rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
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Abstract
Many genome-edited mouse and rat strains have been produced using engineered endonucleases, including zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9. Especially, CRISPR-Cas9 is powerful tool that can be easy, rapid, and high-efficiency-produced new genome-edited strains. Furthermore, new technique, Technique for Animal Knockout system by Electroporation (TAKE), efficiently accelerate production of new strains by direct nuclease introduction into intact embryos using electroporation. This chapter presents a latest technical information in the production of genome-edited mouse and rat by TAKE method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
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Sari GP, Hilario PLL, Yuri S, Honda A, Isotani A. Scheduled simple production method of pseudopregnant female mice for embryo transfer using the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21985. [PMID: 36539541 PMCID: PMC9767918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mice as experimental animal models has been a practice since the development of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) in the early 1980s. New technologies, including genome editing, have helped in the time- and cost-efficient generation of GEMMs. However, methods for preparing pseudopregnant females, essential for the generation of GEMMs, remain less advanced. This study proposes a new method to achieve simple production of pseudopregnant female mice using a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa). A 20 µg LHRHa/mouse was identified as the best dose for inducing estrus synchronization. However, the frequency of copulation was 40% on a single injection. With sequential injections of 20 µg LHRHa/mouse on Days-1 and -2, followed by pairing on Day-5, 74% of LHRHa-treated females copulated with male mice. Moreover, LHRHa treatment did not affect fetal and postnatal development. Eventually, successful generation of offspring via embryo transfer was attained using LHRHa-treated pseudopregnant females. LHRHa administration method is efficient in producing pseudopregnant female mice for the generation of GEMMs, and we expect that it will contribute towards advancing the clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Puspa Sari
- grid.260493.a0000 0000 9227 2257Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-Cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Patrick Louis Lagman Hilario
- grid.260493.a0000 0000 9227 2257Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-Cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yuri
- grid.260493.a0000 0000 9227 2257Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-Cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Arata Honda
- grid.410804.90000000123090000Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-Shi, Tochigi-Ken 329-0498 Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- grid.260493.a0000 0000 9227 2257Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-Cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
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Successful pseudopregnancy of rats by short period artificial stimulation using sonic vibration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1187. [PMID: 35075219 PMCID: PMC8786822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Psuedopregnancy for embryo transfer (ET) is usually induced in rats by mating with vasectomized males. Previously, we successfully induced pseudopregnancy using sonic vibration instead (Easy-ET method). The transferred embryos developed normally. Conventionally, stimulation is performed 7 × 30 s with 5 min intervals at the day before ET. However, this protocol is time-consuming because it imitates natural mating behavior. Here, we investigated pseudopregnancy induction with shorter stimulation times. Stimulation was performed 2 × 30 s, with 30 s intervals at the proestrus stage at the day before ET. Of the transferred pronuclear or two-cell embryos, 43% or 62% developed normally, respectively. Furthermore, 67% or 68% of transferred pronuclear or two-cell embryos in rats at estrus stage stimulated on the day of ET developed normally, respectively. Pseudopregnancy was successfully induced with shorter stimulation. Furthermore, this protocol may be used to perform a single-day stimulation and ET operation at the estrus stage.
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