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Adams B, Mbarak Khamis F, Ahmed Yusuf A, Torto B. Zoophytophagous predator sex pheromone and visual cues of opposing reflectance spectra lure predator and invasive prey. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00182-6. [PMID: 38710469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In sub-Saharan Africa, the invasive South American leafminer Phthorimaea absoluta is the most damaging tomato pest. Females of the pest can reproduce both sexually and through parthenogenesis and lay their eggs on all tomato plant parts. The mirid predator Nesidiocoris tenuis, a biological control agent for the pest, is also a tomato pest when prey population is low. To date, however, no study has developed an eco-friendly solution that targets both the predator and its host in a tomato farming system. OBJECTIVE To develop a bio-based management system for both pest and predator based on the combined use of sexual communication in the predator and visual cues. METHODS We collected volatiles from both sexes of the Kenyan population of the predator N. tenuis and identified candidate sex pheromone components by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We used electrophysiological assays to identify antennally-active odorants in the volatiles, followed by field trials with different pheromone-baited colored traps to validate the responses of both predator and prey. Thereafter, we compared the reflectance spectra of the colored traps with those of different tomato plant tissues. RESULTS Our results reveal an interplay between different sensory cues which in the predator-prey interaction may favor the predator. Antennae of both sexes of predator and prey detect the predator sex pheromone identified as 1-octanol and hexyl hexanoate. Unexpectedly, our field experiments led to the discovery of a lure for P. absoluta females, which were lured distinctly into a pheromone-baited trap whose reflectance spectrum mimicked that of ripe tomato fruit (long wavelength), an egg-laying site for females. Contrastingly, N. tenuis males were lured into baited white trap (short wavelength) when the predator is actively searching for prey. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the novel use of a predator sex pheromone and different visual cues to assess complex trophic interactions on tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashiru Adams
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Fathiya Mbarak Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Abdullahi Ahmed Yusuf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa.
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Güney G, Cedden D, Hänniger S, Hegedus DD, Heckel DG, Toprak U. Peritrophins are involved in the defense against Bacillus thuringiensis and nucleopolyhedrovirus formulations in Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 166:104073. [PMID: 38215915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The peritrophic matrix (or peritrophic membrane, PM) is present in most insects where it acts as a barrier to mechanical insults and pathogens, as well as a facilitator of digestive processes. The PM is formed by the binding of structural PM proteins, referred to as peritrophins, to chitin fibrils and spans the entire midgut in lepidopterans. To investigate the role of peritrophins in a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest, namely the cotton leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis), we generated Insect Intestinal Mucin (IIM-) and non-mucin Peritrophin (PER-) mutant strains via CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis. Both strains exhibited deformed PMs and retarded developmental rates. Bioassays conducted with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpliNPV) formulations showed that both the IIM- and PER- mutant larvae were more susceptible to these bioinsecticides compared to the wild-type (WT) larvae with intact PM. Interestingly, the provision of chitin-binding agent Calcofluor (CF) in the diet lowered the toxicity of Bt formulations in both WT and IIM- larvae and the protective effect of CF was significantly lower in PER- larvae. This suggested that the interaction of CF with PER is responsible for Bt resistance mediated by CF. In contrast, the provision of CF caused increased susceptibility to SpliNPV in both mutants and WT larvae. The study showed the importance of peritrophins in the defense against pathogens in S. littoralis and revealed novel insights into CF-mediated resistance to Cry toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Güney
- Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Jena, Germany; Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doga Cedden
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Jena, Germany
| | - Dwayne D Hegedus
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David G Heckel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Umut Toprak
- Ankara University, Molecular Entomology Lab., Dept. of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara, Turkey.
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Akinbuluma MD, van Schaijk RAH, Roessingh P, Groot AT. Region-Specific Variation in the Electrophysiological Responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Synthetic Sex Pheromone Compounds. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01479-w. [PMID: 38421546 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a global pest that feeds on > 350 plant species and causes major yield loses. Variation in the responses of S. frugiperda males to female sex pheromone compounds affects the detection, monitoring and management of the pest. We determined geographic variation in the responses of S. frugiperda males to four different doses of synthetic sex pheromone compounds using a gas chromatography-electroantennogram detector (GC-EAD). Furthermore, we disentangled regional populations into C- and R- mitotypes via molecular analysis of the cytochrome oxidase I gene, and measured their responses to the compounds. When comparing responses of males from Florida, Benin, Nigeria and Kenya, we found some regional differences in the responses of S. frugiperda males to the major compound, Z9-14:OAc and minor component Z9-12:OAc. However, we found no differences in male responses between the different African countries. All males showed significantly higher antennal responses to Z7-12:OAc than to E7-12:OAc. When comparing the mitotypes, we found that Florida R-type males showed higher responses to Z9-14:OAc, Z7-12:OAc and Z9-12:OAc than Benin R-type males, while C-type males from both regions responded equally to Z7-12:OAc. In addition, Florida R-type males showed higher responses to E7-12:OAc than Florida C-type males. Our study thus shows some differential physiological responses of S. frugiperda males towards the known sex pheromone compounds, including E7-12:OAc, but mostly in the different mitotypes. How these differences translate to field trap catches remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobolade D Akinbuluma
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Renée A H van Schaijk
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Roessingh
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Sisay B, Tamiru A, Subramanian S, Weldon CW, Khamis F, Green KK, Anderson P, Torto B. Pheromonal variation and mating between two mitotypes of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3848. [PMID: 38360933 PMCID: PMC10869808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Americas, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) exists in two genetically distinct strains, the corn (C) and rice (R) strains. Despite their names, these strains are not associated with host plant preferences but have been shown to vary in pheromone composition and male responses. Recently, S. frugiperda was detected in Africa as an invasive species, but knowledge about variation in strain types, pheromone composition and inter-strain mating of populations of the pest in the continent has not been fully examined. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate variations, if any in the pheromone composition of female moths, male moth responses, and mating between C and R mitotypes of S. frugiperda populations in Kenya, as well as their geographic distribution. Strains (mitotypes) of S. frugiperda were identified using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers, and their pheromonal composition determined by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. Male moth responses to these compounds were evaluated using GC-electroantennographic detection (EAD), electroantennogram (EAG), and wind tunnel assays. Oviposition assays were used to determine whether R and C mitotype moths could mate and produce eggs. The results showed that both the R and C mitotypes were present, and there were no statistically significant differences in their distribution across all sampled locations. Five pheromone compounds including (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:OAc), (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc), were detected in the pheromone glands of female moths of both mitotypes, with Z9-14:OAc being the most abundant. The relative percentage composition of Z9-14:OAc was similar in both mitotypes. However, the R mitotype had a 2.7 times higher relative percentage composition of Z7-12:OAc compared to the C mitotype moth, while the C mitotype moth had a 2.4 times higher relative percentage composition of Z11-16:OAc than the R mitotype moth. Male moths of both mitotypes exhibited similar responses to the pheromone compounds, showing the strongest responses to Z9-14:OAc and Z7-12:OAc in electrophysiological and behavioural assays. There was mating between R and C mitotypes with egg production comparable to mating within the same mitotype. Our results revealed that differences between the two S. frugiperda mitotypes are characterized by female moth pheromone composition rather than male moth responses to the pheromones, and that this does not prevent hybridisation between the mitotypes, which may have implications for their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Sisay
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre, P.O. Box 436, Adama, Ethiopia.
| | - Amanuel Tamiru
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Fathiya Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kristina Karlsson Green
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
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Tay WT, Meagher RL, Czepak C, Groot AT. Spodoptera frugiperda: Ecology, Evolution, and Management Options of an Invasive Species. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:299-317. [PMID: 36198399 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-102548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a well-known agricultural pest in its native range, North and South America, and has become a major invasive pest around the globe in the past decade. In this review, we provide an overview to update what is known about S. frugiperda in its native geographic ranges. This is followed by discussion of studies from the invaded areas to gain insights into S. frugiperda's ecology, specifically its reproductive biology, host plant use, status of insecticide resistance alleles, and biocontrol methods in native and invasive regions. We show that reference to host strains is uninformative in the invasive populations because multidirectional introduction events likely underpinned its recent rapid spread. Given that recent genomic analyses show that FAW is much more diverse than was previously assumed, and natural selection forces likely differ geographically, region-specific approaches will be needed to control this global pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;
| | - Robert L Meagher
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Cecilia Czepak
- Escola de Agronomia, Campus Samambaia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil;
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands;
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Mazumdar T, Hänniger S, Shukla SP, Murali A, Bartram S, Heckel DG, Boland W. 8-HQA adjusts the number and diversity of bacteria in the gut microbiome of Spodoptera littoralis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1075557. [PMID: 36744087 PMCID: PMC9891463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1075557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolinic carboxylic acids are known for their metal ion chelating properties in insects, plants and bacteria. The larval stages of the lepidopteran pest, Spodoptera littoralis, produce 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (8-HQA) in high concentrations from tryptophan in the diet. At the same time, the larval midgut is known to harbor a bacterial population. The motivation behind the work was to investigate whether 8-HQA is controlling the bacterial community in the gut by regulating the concentration of metal ions. Knocking out the gene for kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) in the insect using CRISPR/Cas9 eliminated production of 8-HQA and significantly increased bacterial numbers and diversity in the larval midgut. Adding 8-HQA to the diet of knockout larvae caused a dose-dependent reduction of bacterial numbers with minimal effects on diversity. Enterococcus mundtii dominates the community in all treatments, probably due to its highly efficient iron uptake system and production of the colicin, mundticin. Thus host factors and bacterial properties interact to determine patterns of diversity and abundance in the insect midgut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilottama Mazumdar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Zoology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Hänniger
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Shantanu P. Shukla
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aishwarya Murali
- Department of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Bartram
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - David G. Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany,*Correspondence: David G. Heckel, ✉
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Nagoshi RN, Meagher RL. The Spodoptera frugiperda Host Strains: What They Are and Why They Matter for Understanding and Controlling This Global Agricultural Pest. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1729-1743. [PMID: 36515110 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]) is a moth native to the Western Hemisphere where it is a major pest of corn (maize) and multiple other crops. It is now a global threat with its recent discovery and dissemination in the Eastern Hemisphere. Its broad host range is in part due to two subpopulations denoted as 'host strains' that differ in host plant specificity. Therefore, identifying the strains present in a location is critical to assessing what crops are at risk of infestation. However, much remains uncertain about how the strains differ and even on the fundamental issue of how they are identified. Complicating factors include the host strains are morphologically indistinguishable, the defining behavior of the strains (host plant specificity) is variable, and the existence of significant differences between geographical populations and laboratory colonies that are independent of strain identity. These factors contribute to substantial disagreements in the literature on presumptive strain differences. This paper presents a summary of strain characteristics and suggests the criteria that should be met before concluding a trait is 'strain-specific'. The intent is to facilitate a common understanding of what the strains represent and to develop a more consistent experimental framework for studies on strain phenotypes. Evidence is summarized that supports a primary role for Z-linked genes in strain identity, which has potential implications for genetic approaches to define the strains, and we discuss the possibility that the strains arose from allopatric (rather than sympatric) speciation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney N Nagoshi
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert L Meagher
- Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Yainna S, Tay WT, Durand K, Fiteni E, Hilliou F, Legeai F, Clamens AL, Gimenez S, Asokan R, Kalleshwaraswamy CM, Deshmukh SS, Meagher RL, Blanco CA, Silvie P, Brévault T, Dassou A, Kergoat GJ, Walsh T, Gordon K, Nègre N, d’Alençon E, Nam K. The evolutionary process of invasion in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Sci Rep 2022; 12:21063. [PMID: 36473923 PMCID: PMC9727104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the major agricultural pest insects. FAW is native to the Americas, and its invasion was first reported in West Africa in 2016. Then it quickly spread through Africa, Asia, and Oceania, becoming one of the main threats to corn production. We analyzed whole genome sequences of 177 FAW individuals from 12 locations on four continents to infer evolutionary processes of invasion. Principal component analysis from the TPI gene and whole genome sequences shows that invasive FAW populations originated from the corn strain. Ancestry coefficient and phylogenetic analyses from the nuclear genome indicate that invasive populations are derived from a single ancestry, distinct from native populations, while the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree supports the hypothesis of multiple introductions. Adaptive evolution specific to invasive populations was observed in detoxification, chemosensory, and digestion genes. We concluded that extant invasive FAW populations originated from the corn strain with potential contributions of adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeeptha Yainna
- grid.503158.aDGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France ,grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia
| | - Karine Durand
- grid.503158.aDGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Fiteni
- grid.503158.aDGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédérique Hilliou
- grid.435437.20000 0004 0385 8766INRAE, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte D’Azur, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Fabrice Legeai
- INRAE, UMR-IGEPP, BioInformatics Platform for Agroecosystems Arthropods, Campus Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France ,grid.420225.30000 0001 2298 7270INRIA, IRISA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Laure Clamens
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Gimenez
- grid.503158.aDGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - R. Asokan
- grid.418222.f0000 0000 8663 7600Division of Biotechnology, ICAR - Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy
- grid.509224.8Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, India
| | - Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh
- grid.509224.8Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, India
| | - Robert L. Meagher
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Carlos A. Blanco
- grid.413759.d0000 0001 0725 8379United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Maryland, USA
| | - Pierre Silvie
- grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141PHIM, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Brévault
- grid.8183.20000 0001 2153 9871CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Anicet Dassou
- grid.510426.40000 0004 7470 473XENSBBA, UNSTIM, Dassa, Benin
| | - Gael J. Kergoat
- grid.420225.30000 0001 2298 7270INRIA, IRISA, GenOuest Core Facility, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Walsh
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia
| | - Karl Gordon
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nicolas Nègre
- grid.503158.aDGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Kiwoong Nam
- grid.503158.aDGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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Wang C, Zhang S, Guo MB, Hou XQ, Yang B, Wang GR. Optimization of a pheromone lure by analyzing the peripheral coding of sex pheromones of Spodoptera frugiperda in China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2995-3004. [PMID: 35420250 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Sex pheromones of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, show differences in composition and proportions in different geographical populations, but always contain Z9-14:OAc as the major component. Odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in the long trichoid sensilla (TS) of male antennae are essential to detect female-released sex pheromones in moths. RESULTS: In this study, we identified seven components from pheromone gland extracts of female S. frugiperda in the Yunnan population from China, including (Z)-7-dodecen-1-yl acetate (Z7-12:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14:Ald), (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate (Z9-12:OAc), (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (Z9-14:OAc), (E)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (E11-14:OAc), (Z)-11-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) and (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-yl acetate (Z11-16:OAc) at a ratio of 1.2:4:0.8:79.1:1.6:1.6:11.7 by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection showed that Z9-14:OAc, Z7-12:OAc and Z11-16:OAc are the male antennal active components. Peripheral coding of pheromones in males was investigated by single sensillum recording. Five functional neurons housed in three types of TS were identified based on profiles of neuronal responses, which are responsible for attractive component Z9-14:OAc, synergistic components Z7-12:OAc, Z11-16:OAc, interspecific pheromones (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol (Z9-14:OH) and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (Z9,E12-14:OAc), respectively. Wind tunnel and field tests demonstrated that a ternary combination of Z9-14:OAc, Z7-12:OAc and Z11-16:OAc at a ratio of 88:1:11 shows the strongest attractiveness to males. CONCLUSION: An optimized pheromone blend of Z9-14:OAc, Z7-12:OAc and Z11-16:OAc in an 88:1:11 ratio was identified for monitoring the invasive pest S. frugiperda in China. Five functional ORNs encoding intra- and interspecific pheromones were identified in male antennae, of which three neurons encode attractive component Z9-14:OAc, synergistic components Z7-12:OAc and Z11-16:OAc, respectively, and the other two neurons encode interspecific pheromones Z9-14:OH and Z9,E12-14:OAc, separately. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng-Bo Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Hou
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gui-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Global population genomic signature of Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) supports complex introduction events across the Old World. Commun Biol 2022; 5:297. [PMID: 35393491 PMCID: PMC8989990 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Native to the Americas, the invasive Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; FAW) was reported in West Africa in 2016, followed by its chronological detection across the Old World and the hypothesis of an eastward Asia expansion. We explored population genomic signatures of American and Old World FAW and identified 12 maternal mitochondrial DNA genome lineages across the invasive range. 870 high-quality nuclear single nucleotide polymorphic DNA markers identified five distinct New World population clusters, broadly reflecting FAW native geographical ranges and the absence of host-plant preferences. We identified unique admixed Old World populations, and admixed and non-admixed Asian FAW individuals, all of which suggested multiple introductions underpinning the pest’s global spread. Directional gene flow from the East into eastern Africa was also detected, in contrast to the west-to-east spread hypothesis. Our study demonstrated the potential of population genomic approaches via international partnership to address global emerging pest threats and biosecurity challenges. This population genomics study identifies the complex multiple introduction history of Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) from the Americas, into Africa and Asia. This provides new insight into the ‘east-to-west’ directionality of gene flow, and suggests ample genomic exchange at the nuclear level.
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11
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Van den Berg J, Prasanna BM, Midega CAO, Ronald PC, Carrière Y, Tabashnik BE. Managing Fall Armyworm in Africa: Can Bt Maize Sustainably Improve Control? JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1934-1949. [PMID: 34505143 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The recent invasion of Africa by fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, a lepidopteran pest of maize and other crops, has heightened concerns about food security for millions of smallholder farmers. Maize genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a potentially useful tool for controlling fall armyworm and other lepidopteran pests of maize in Africa. In the Americas, however, fall armyworm rapidly evolved practical resistance to maize producing one Bt toxin (Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa). Also, aside from South Africa, Bt maize has not been approved for cultivation in Africa, where stakeholders in each nation will make decisions about its deployment. In the context of Africa, we address maize production and use; fall armyworm distribution, host range, and impact; fall armyworm control tactics other than Bt maize; and strategies to make Bt maize more sustainable and accessible to smallholders. We recommend mandated refuges of non-Bt maize or other non-Bt host plants of at least 50% of total maize hectares for single-toxin Bt maize and 20% for Bt maize producing two or more distinct toxins that are each highly effective against fall armyworm. The smallholder practices of planting more than one maize cultivar and intercropping maize with other fall armyworm host plants could facilitate compliance. We also propose creating and providing smallholder farmers access to Bt maize that produces four distinct Bt toxins encoded by linked genes in a single transgene cassette. Using this novel Bt maize as one component of integrated pest management could sustainably improve control of lepidopteran pests including fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnnie Van den Berg
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Boddupalli M Prasanna
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, 00601, Kenya
| | - Charles A O Midega
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, IPM Program, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Poverty and Health Integrated Solutions, Kisumu, 40141, Kenya
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yves Carrière
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bruce E Tabashnik
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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12
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Sotelo-Cardona P, Chuang WP, Lin MY, Chiang MY, Ramasamy S. Oviposition preference not necessarily predicts offspring performance in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on vegetable crops. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15885. [PMID: 34354173 PMCID: PMC8342515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the new spread and potential damage of the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Asia, it has become imperative to understand the development biology of this invasive species on selected vegetable crops in newer geographical regions. In this study, we investigated the ovipositional preference of FAW females on different host plants, under choice- and non-choice tests. In addition, using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory, we assessed the performance of immature FAW individuals fed and reared on selected vegetable crops to get information related to development time, survival, reproduction and longevity. Fall armyworm females had an oviposition preference on maize compared to other vegetable crops, including cabbage and soybean, and reluctance for tomato, which was confirmed during the choice and non-choice tests. In contrast to the oviposition preference, our results also suggest that despite low preference for cabbage, soybean, and tomato, these crops seemed to provide a high benefit for an appropriate offspring performance, exceeding in some cases the benefits from a maize-based diet. Information from this study was discussed in terms of FAW ecology and how female’s decision affects their reproductive fitness, and the survival and performance of its offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Po Chuang
- National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Ying Lin
- World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yao Chiang
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No.189, Zhongzheng Rd., Wufeng Dist., Taichung City, 413008, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Srinivasan Ramasamy
- World Vegetable Center, 60 Yi-Min Liao, Shanhua, Tainan, 74151, Taiwan, ROC.
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13
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Koffi D, Agboka K, Adjevi AKM, Assogba K, Fening KO, Osae M, Aboagye E, Meagher RL, Nagoshi RN. Trapping Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths in Different Crop Habitats in Togo and Ghana. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1138-1144. [PMID: 33822089 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The economic impact of the invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) into Africa has so far been limited to maize agriculture but could potentially impact many other crops. Trapping based on pheromone lures provides a cost-effective method for detecting this important pest (commonly known as fall armyworm) and will be essential for large-scale monitoring of populations to determine its geographical distribution and migration behavior as the species equilibrates to its new environment. However, the effective use of pheromone trapping requires optimization for a given location. An earlier report demonstrated that two commercial lures (one 3-component and the other 4-component) that were effective for trapping S. frugiperda in maize fields in Togo, Africa. The current study extends these findings to agricultural areas that differ in plant host composition (maize, pasture grasses, rice, and sorghum) in multiple locations in Ghana and Togo. In two seasons, significantly higher numbers of moths were found in maize, and in one season, higher numbers were found in rice than in sorghum and pasture grass systems. The results confirm the effectiveness of pheromone trapping and identify pheromone lures and trapping methods best suited for the different agroecosystems common to West Africa and that are at risk of infestation by S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djima Koffi
- African Regional Postgraduate Program in Insect Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Komi Agboka
- Ecole Supérieure d'Agronomie, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Kodjo Assogba
- Ecole Supérieure d'Agronomie, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | - Ken Okwae Fening
- African Regional Postgraduate Program in Insect Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Soil and Irrigation Research Center, Kpong, Ghana
| | - Michael Osae
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Aboagye
- Plant Protection and Regulatory Service Directorate, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert L Meagher
- USDA-ARS CMAVE, Insect Behavior and Biocontrol Research Unit, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rodney N Nagoshi
- USDA-ARS CMAVE, Insect Behavior and Biocontrol Research Unit, Gainesville, FL
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14
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Garcia AG, Malaquias JB, Ferreira CP, Tomé MP, Weber ID, Godoy WAC. Ecological Modelling of Insect Movement in Cropping Systems. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:321-334. [PMID: 33900576 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatio-temporal dynamics of insect pests in agricultural landscapes involves the potential of species to move, invade, colonise, and establish in different areas. This study revised the dispersal of the important crop pests Diabrotica speciosa Germar and Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) by using computational modelling to represent the movement of these polyphagous pests in agricultural mosaics. The findings raise significant questions regarding the dispersal of pests through crops and refuge areas, indicating that understanding pest movement is essential for developing strategies to predict critical infestation levels to assist in pest-management decisions. In addition, our modelling approach can be adapted for other insect species and other cropping systems despite discussing two specific species in the current manuscript. We present an overview of studies, combining experimentation and ecological modelling, discussing the methods used and the importance of studying insect movement as well as the implications for agricultural landscapes in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gomes Garcia
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maysa Pereira Tomé
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Daniel Weber
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Pineda-Ríos JM, Cibrián-Tovar J, Hernández-Fuentes LM, López-Romero RM, Soto-Rojas L, Romero-Nápoles J, Llanderal-Cázares C, Salomé-Abarca LF. α-Terpineol: An Aggregation Pheromone in Optatus palmaris (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Pascoe, 1889) Enhanced by Its Host-Plant Volatiles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102861. [PMID: 34065875 PMCID: PMC8150320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Annonaceae fruits weevil (Optatus palmaris) causes high losses to the soursop production in Mexico. Damage occurs when larvae and adults feed on the fruits; however, there is limited research about control strategies against this pest. However, pheromones provide a high potential management scheme for this curculio. Thus, this research characterized the behavior and volatile production of O. palmaris in response to their feeding habits. Olfactometry assays established preference by weevils to volatiles produced by feeding males and soursop. The behavior observed suggests the presence of an aggregation pheromone and a kairomone. Subsequently, insect volatiles sampled by solid-phase microextraction and dynamic headspace detected a unique compound on feeding males increased especially when feeding. Feeding-starvation experiments showed an averaged fifteen-fold increase in the concentration of a monoterpenoid on males feeding on soursop, and a decrease of the release of this compound males stop feeding. GC-MS analysis of volatiles identified this compound as α-terpineol. Further olfactometry assays using α-terpineol and soursop, demonstrated that this combination is double attractive to Annonaceae weevils than only soursop volatiles. The results showed a complementation effect between α-terpineol and soursop volatiles. Thus, α-terpineol is the aggregation pheromone of O. palmaris, and its concentration is enhanced by host-plant volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Pineda-Ríos
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Juan Cibrián-Tovar
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.-T.); (L.F.S.-A.); Tel.: +52-155-383-54600 (J.C.-T.); +52-175-810-86324 (L.F.S.-A.)
| | - Luis Martín Hernández-Fuentes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Progreso Número 5, Barrio de Santa Catarina, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04010, Mexico;
| | - Rosa María López-Romero
- Postgrado en Edafología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico;
| | - Lauro Soto-Rojas
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Jesús Romero-Nápoles
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Celina Llanderal-Cázares
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
| | - Luis F. Salomé-Abarca
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad, Programa de Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Km 36.5 Carretera, Texcoco 56230, Mexico; (J.M.P.-R.); (L.S.-R.); (J.R.-N.); (C.L.-C.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.-T.); (L.F.S.-A.); Tel.: +52-155-383-54600 (J.C.-T.); +52-175-810-86324 (L.F.S.-A.)
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16
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He H, Qin X, Dong F, Ye J, Xu C, Zhang H, Liu Z, Lv X, Wu Y, Jiang X, Cheng X. Synthesis, characterization of two matrine derivatives and their cytotoxic effect on Sf9 cell of Spodoptera frugiperda. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17999. [PMID: 33093526 PMCID: PMC7581774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda has imposed a serious impact on global food security. Matrine is a botanical pesticide with a broad spectrum of insecticidal activity which was recommended for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. In order to discover effective insecticide for Spodoptera frugiperda, two matrine derivatives modified with carbon disulfide and nitrogen-containing groups were systhesized. And their inhibition activities on Sf9 cell were evaluated. The structural configuration of compounds were characterized by IR, HPLC, MS, NMR and XRD, with yields of 52% and 65%, respectively. The IC50 of the two newly synthesized compounds on Sf9 cell reduced to 0.648 mmol/L and 1.13 mmol/L, respectively, compared with that of matrine (5.330 mmol/L). In addition, microscopic observation of Sf9 cell treated with the compounds showed that the number of adherent cells decreased, the cells shrunk, vacuolated and apoptotic bodies appeared. The two newly synthesized compounds exhibited better inhibitory effect on Sf9 cell than that of the parent matrine, suggesting that the positive effect of the introduction of 1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioate and diethylcarbamodithioate groups to matrine. The morphological observation of Sf9 cell induced by derivatives indicated that apoptosis induction may be a mechanism that inhibits insect cell proliferation and exerts insecticidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing He
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangjing Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Fangyun Dong
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingmin Ye
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbao Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A5B9, Canada
| | - Hanhui Zhang
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanmei Liu
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Lv
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuehua Wu
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhong Jiang
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xingan Cheng
- Institute of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China. .,Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
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