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Shin S, Ahn YR, Kim M, Choi J, Kim H, Kim HO. Mammalian Cell Membrane Hybrid Polymersomes for mRNA Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38615329 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Cell membranes are structures essential to the cell function and adaptation. Recent studies have targeted cell membranes to identify their protective and interactive properties. Leveraging these attributes of cellular membranes and their application to vaccine delivery is gaining increasing prominence. This study aimed to fuse synthetic polymeric nanoparticles with cell membranes to develop cell membrane hybrid polymersomes (HyPSomes) for enhanced vaccine delivery. We designed a platform to hybridize cell membranes with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactic acid nanoparticles by using the properties of both components. The formed HyPSomes were optimized by using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and Förster resonance energy transfer, and their stability was confirmed. The synthesized HyPSomes replicated the antigenic surface of the source cells and possessed the stability and efficacy of synthetic nanoparticles. These HyPSomes demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake and translation efficiency and facilitated endosome escape. HyPSomes showed outstanding capabilities for the delivery of foreign mRNAs to antigen-presenting cells. HyPSomes may serve as vaccine delivery systems by bridging the gap between synthetic and natural systems. These systems could be used in other contexts, e.g., diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoJin Shin
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Yu-Rim Ahn
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Minse Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - HakSeon Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Korea
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Nie S, Qin Y, Ou L, Chen X, Li L. In Situ Reprogramming of Immune Cells Using Synthetic Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310168. [PMID: 38229527 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cells has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the complexity and high costs involved in manufacturing current adoptive cell therapy greatly inhibit its widespread availability and access. To address this, in situ cell therapy, which directly reprograms immune cells inside the body, has recently been developed as a promising alternative. Here, an overview of the recent progress in the development of synthetic nanomaterials is provided to deliver plasmid DNA or mRNA for in situ reprogramming of T cells and macrophages, focusing especially on in situ CAR therapies. Also, the main challenges for in situ immune cell reprogramming are discussed and some approaches to overcome these barriers to fulfill the clinical applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihong Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuyang Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liyuan Ou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Ling Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Muenzebrock KA, Ho FYW, Pontes AP, Jorquera-Cordero C, Utomo L, Garcia JP, Willems PC, Welting TJM, Rip J, Creemers LB. Polymeric Nanoparticles Enable mRNA Transfection and Its Translation in Intervertebral Disc and Human Joint Cells, Except for M1 Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:438. [PMID: 38675100 PMCID: PMC11053495 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lower back pain caused by intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA) are highly prevalent chronic diseases. Although pain management and surgery can alleviate symptoms, no disease-modifying treatments are available. mRNA delivery could halt inflammation and degeneration and induce regeneration by overexpressing anti-inflammatory cytokines or growth factors involved in cartilage regeneration. Here, we investigated poly(amidoamine)-based polymeric nanoparticles to deliver mRNA to human joint and intervertebral disc cells. Human OA chondrocytes, human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, human annulus fibrosus (AF) cells, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and M1-like macrophages were cultured and transfected with uncoated or PGA-PEG-coated nanoparticles loaded with EGFP-encoding mRNA. Cell viability and transfection efficiency were analyzed for all cell types. Nanoparticle internalization was investigated in FLS and M1-like macrophages. No significant decrease in cell viability was observed in most conditions. Only macrophages showed a dose-dependent reduction of viability. Transfection with either nanoparticle version resulted in EGFP expression in NP cells, AF cells, OA chondrocytes and FLS. Macrophages showed internalization of nanoparticles by particle-cell co-localization, but no detectable expression of EGFP. Taken together, our data show that poly (amidoamine)-based nanoparticles can be used for mRNA delivery into cells of the human joint and intervertebral disc, indicating its potential future use as an mRNA delivery system in OA and IVDD, except for macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Agnes Muenzebrock
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.M.)
| | - Fiona Y. W. Ho
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.M.)
| | - Adriano P. Pontes
- 20Med Therapeutics BV, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.P.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Carla Jorquera-Cordero
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lizette Utomo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joao Pedro Garcia
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.M.)
| | - Paul C. Willems
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.C.W.); (T.J.M.W.)
| | - Tim J. M. Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.C.W.); (T.J.M.W.)
| | - Jaap Rip
- 20Med Therapeutics BV, 2333 BD Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.P.P.); (J.R.)
| | - Laura B. Creemers
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.A.M.)
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Choi KC, Lee DH, Lee JW, Lee JS, Lee YK, Choi MJ, Jeong HY, Kim MW, Lee CG, Park YS. Novel Lipid Nanoparticles Stable and Efficient for mRNA Transfection to Antigen-Presenting Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1388. [PMID: 38338667 PMCID: PMC10855810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines have emerged as a pivotal tool in combating COVID-19, offering an advanced approach to immunization. A key challenge with these vaccines is their need for extremely-low-temperature storage, which affects their stability and shelf life. Our research addresses this issue by enhancing the stability of mRNA vaccines through a novel cationic lipid, O,O'-dimyristyl-N-lysyl aspartate (DMKD). DMKD effectively binds with mRNA, improving vaccine stability. We also integrated phosphatidylserine (PS) into the formulation to boost immune response by promoting the uptake of these nanoparticles by immune cells. Our findings reveal that DMKD-PS nanoparticles maintain structural integrity under long-term refrigeration and effectively protect mRNA. When tested, these nanoparticles containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) mRNA outperformed other commercial lipid nanoparticles in protein expression, both in immune cells (RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage) and non-immune cells (CT26 mouse colorectal carcinoma cells). Importantly, in vivo studies show that DMKD-PS nanoparticles are safely eliminated from the body within 48 h. The results suggest that DMKD-PS nanoparticles present a promising alternative for mRNA vaccine delivery, enhancing both the stability and effectiveness of these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (K.C.C.); (D.H.L.); (J.W.L.); (Y.K.L.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Do Hyun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (K.C.C.); (D.H.L.); (J.W.L.); (Y.K.L.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (K.C.C.); (D.H.L.); (J.W.L.); (Y.K.L.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Jin Suk Lee
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (K.C.C.); (D.H.L.); (J.W.L.); (Y.K.L.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Moon Jung Choi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA;
| | - Hwa Yeon Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Gun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (K.C.C.); (D.H.L.); (J.W.L.); (Y.K.L.); (C.-G.L.)
| | - Yong Serk Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea; (K.C.C.); (D.H.L.); (J.W.L.); (Y.K.L.); (C.-G.L.)
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Settanni G. Computational approaches to lipid-based nucleic acid delivery systems. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2023; 46:127. [PMID: 38097823 PMCID: PMC10721673 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies have shown enormous effectiveness as vaccines against the recent COVID19 pandemics and hold great promises in the fight of a broad spectrum of diseases ranging from viral infections to cancer up to genetically transmitted pathologies. Due to their highly degradable polyanionic nature, nucleic acids need to be packed in sophisticate delivery vehicles which compact them up, protect them from early degradation and help delivery them to the right tissue/cells. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNP) represent, at present, the main solution for nucleic acid delivery. They are made of a mixture of lipids whose key ingredient is an ionizable cationic lipid. Indeed, the interactions between the polyanionic nucleic acids and the ionizable cationic lipids, and their pH-dependent regulation in the life cycle of the nanoparticle, from production to cargo delivery, mostly determine the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach. Notwithstanding the large improvements in the delivery efficiency of LNPs in the last two decades, it is estimated that only a small fraction of the cargo is actually delivered, stimulating further research for the design of more effective LNP formulations. A rationally driven design would profit from the knowledge of the precise molecular structure of these materials, which is however still either missing or characterized by poor spatial resolution. Computational approaches have often been used as a molecular microscope either to enrich the available experimental data and provide a molecular-level picture of the LNPs or even simulate specific processes involving the formation and/or the molecular mechanisms of action of the LNP. Here, I review the recent literature in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Settanni
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55099, Mainz, Germany.
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Shi L, Yang J, Nie Y, Huang Y, Gu H. Hybrid mRNA Nano Vaccine Potentiates Antigenic Peptide Presentation and Dendritic Cell Maturation for Effective Cancer Vaccine Therapy and Enhances Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301261. [PMID: 37822133 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines combined with immune checkpoint blockades (ICB) represent great potential application, yet the insufficient tumor antigen presentation and immature dendritic cells hinder improved efficacy. Here, a hybrid nano vaccine composed by hyper branched poly(beta-amino ester), modified iron oxide nano adjuvant and messenger RNA (mRNA) encoded with model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is presented. The nano vaccine outperforms three commercialized reagents loaded with the same mRNA, including Lipofectamine MessengerMax, jetPRIME, and in vivo-jetRNA in promoting dendritic cells' transfection, maturation, and peptide presentation. In an OVA-expressing murine model, intratumoral administration of the nano vaccine significantly induced macrophages and dendritic cells' presenting peptides and expressing co-stimulatory CD86. The nano vaccine also elicited strong antigen-specific splenocyte response and promoted CD8+ T cell infiltration. In combination with ICB, the nano vaccine aroused robust tumor suppression in murine models with large tumor burdens (initial volume >300 mm3 ). The hybrid mRNA vaccine represents a versatile and readily transformable platform and augments response to ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jingxing Yang
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ying Nie
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yizhou Huang
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- Nano Biomedical Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
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7
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Snyder CM, Gill SI. Good CARMA: Turning bad tumor-resident myeloid cells good with chimeric antigen receptor macrophages. Immunol Rev 2023; 320:236-249. [PMID: 37295964 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In religious philosophy, the concept of karma represents the effect of one's past and present actions on one's future. Macrophages are highly plastic cells with myriad roles in health and disease. In the setting of cancer, macrophages are among the most plentiful members of the immune microenvironment where they generally support tumor growth and restrain antitumor immunity. However, macrophages are not necessarily born bad. Macrophages or their immediate progenitors, monocytes, are induced to traffic to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and during this process they are polarized toward a tumor-promoting phenotype. Efforts to deplete or repolarize tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) for therapeutic benefit in cancer have to date disappointed. By contrast, genetic engineering of macrophages followed by their transit into the TME may allow these impressionable cells to mend their ways. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the genetic engineering of macrophages for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Snyder
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saar I Gill
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Uchida S, Lau CYJ, Oba M, Miyata K. Polyplex designs for improving the stability and safety of RNA therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114972. [PMID: 37364611 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have contributed to the recent clinical success of RNA therapeutics, including siRNA and mRNA. RNA delivery using polymers has several distinct properties, such as enabling RNA delivery into extra-hepatic organs, modulation of immune responses to RNA, and regulation of intracellular RNA release. However, delivery systems should overcome safety and stability issues to achieve widespread therapeutic applications. Safety concerns include direct damage to cellular components, innate and adaptive immune responses, complement activation, and interaction with surrounding molecules and cells in the blood circulation. The stability of the delivery systems should balance extracellular RNA protection and controlled intracellular RNA release, which requires optimization for each RNA species. Further, polymer designs for improving safety and stability often conflict with each other. This review covers advances in polymer-based approaches to address these issues over several years, focusing on biological understanding and design concepts for delivery systems rather than material chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan; Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan; Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Chun Yin Jerry Lau
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Oba
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-0823, Japan
| | - Kanjiro Miyata
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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9
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Hoffmann M, Gerlach S, Takamiya M, Tarazi S, Hersch N, Csiszár A, Springer R, Dreissen G, Scharr H, Rastegar S, Beil T, Strähle U, Merkel R, Hoffmann B. Smuggling on the Nanoscale-Fusogenic Liposomes Enable Efficient RNA-Transfer with Negligible Immune Response In Vitro and In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041210. [PMID: 37111695 PMCID: PMC10146161 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient and biocompatible transfer of nucleic acids into mammalian cells for research applications or medical purposes is a long-standing, challenging task. Viral transduction is the most efficient transfer system, but often entails high safety levels for research and potential health impairments for patients in medical applications. Lipo- or polyplexes are commonly used transfer systems but result in comparably low transfer efficiencies. Moreover, inflammatory responses caused by cytotoxic side effects were reported for these transfer methods. Often accountable for these effects are various recognition mechanisms for transferred nucleic acids. Using commercially available fusogenic liposomes (Fuse-It-mRNA), we established highly efficient and fully biocompatible transfer of RNA molecules for in vitro as well as in vivo applications. We demonstrated bypassing of endosomal uptake routes and, therefore, of pattern recognition receptors that recognize nucleic acids with high efficiency. This may underlie the observed almost complete abolishment of inflammatory cytokine responses. RNA transfer experiments into zebrafish embryos and adult animals fully confirmed the functional mechanism and the wide range of applications from single cells to organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hoffmann
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Gerlach
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Samar Tarazi
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nils Hersch
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Agnes Csiszár
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ronald Springer
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Georg Dreissen
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hanno Scharr
- IAS-8: Data Analytics and Machine Learning, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Sepand Rastegar
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Beil
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- IBI-2: Mechanobiology, Institute of Biological Information Processing, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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10
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Melo US, Jatzlau J, Prada-Medina CA, Flex E, Hartmann S, Ali S, Schöpflin R, Bernardini L, Ciolfi A, Moeinzadeh MH, Klever MK, Altay A, Vallecillo-García P, Carpentieri G, Delledonne M, Ort MJ, Schwestka M, Ferrero GB, Tartaglia M, Brusco A, Gossen M, Strunk D, Geißler S, Mundlos S, Stricker S, Knaus P, Giorgio E, Spielmann M. Enhancer hijacking at the ARHGAP36 locus is associated with connective tissue to bone transformation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2034. [PMID: 37041138 PMCID: PMC10090176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification is a disorder caused by abnormal mineralization of soft tissues in which signaling pathways such as BMP, TGFβ and WNT are known key players in driving ectopic bone formation. Identifying novel genes and pathways related to the mineralization process are important steps for future gene therapy in bone disorders. In this study, we detect an inter-chromosomal insertional duplication in a female proband disrupting a topologically associating domain and causing an ultra-rare progressive form of heterotopic ossification. This structural variant lead to enhancer hijacking and misexpression of ARHGAP36 in fibroblasts, validated here by orthogonal in vitro studies. In addition, ARHGAP36 overexpression inhibits TGFβ, and activates hedgehog signaling and genes/proteins related to extracellular matrix production. Our work on the genetic cause of this heterotopic ossification case has revealed that ARHGAP36 plays a role in bone formation and metabolism, outlining first details of this gene contributing to bone-formation and -disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uirá Souto Melo
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jerome Jatzlau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cesar A Prada-Medina
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Flex
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sunhild Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salaheddine Ali
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schöpflin
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Bernardini
- Cytogenetics Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Foundation, IRCCS, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - M-Hossein Moeinzadeh
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Computational Molecular Biology, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marius-Konstantin Klever
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aybuge Altay
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of Computational Molecular Biology, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Melanie-Jasmin Ort
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Schwestka
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Torino, 10126, Italy
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sven Geißler
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Development and Disease Group, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck and University of Kiel, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Germany, partner site Hamburg, Lübeck, Kiel, Lübeck, 23562, Germany.
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11
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Maalej KM, Merhi M, Inchakalody VP, Mestiri S, Alam M, Maccalli C, Cherif H, Uddin S, Steinhoff M, Marincola FM, Dermime S. CAR-cell therapy in the era of solid tumor treatment: current challenges and emerging therapeutic advances. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:20. [PMID: 36717905 PMCID: PMC9885707 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach to fight cancers. This approach consists of genetically engineered immune cells expressing a surface receptor, called CAR, that specifically targets antigens expressed on the surface of tumor cells. In hematological malignancies like leukemias, myeloma, and non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas, adoptive CAR-T cell therapy has shown efficacy in treating chemotherapy refractory patients. However, the value of this therapy remains inconclusive in the context of solid tumors and is restrained by several obstacles including limited tumor trafficking and infiltration, the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, as well as adverse events associated with such therapy. Recently, CAR-Natural Killer (CAR-NK) and CAR-macrophages (CAR-M) were introduced as a complement/alternative to CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. CAR-NK cells could be a favorable substitute for CAR-T cells since they do not require HLA compatibility and have limited toxicity. Additionally, CAR-NK cells might be generated in large scale from several sources which would suggest them as promising off-the-shelf product. CAR-M immunotherapy with its capabilities of phagocytosis, tumor-antigen presentation, and broad tumor infiltration, is currently being investigated. Here, we discuss the emerging role of CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-M cells in solid tumors. We also highlight the advantages and drawbacks of CAR-NK and CAR-M cells compared to CAR-T cells. Finally, we suggest prospective solutions such as potential combination therapies to enhance the efficacy of CAR-cells immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Makni Maalej
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XTranslational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box: 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maysaloun Merhi
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XTranslational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box: 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese P. Inchakalody
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XTranslational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box: 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarra Mestiri
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XTranslational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box: 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majid Alam
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XTranslational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Dermatology Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ,grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cristina Maccalli
- grid.467063.00000 0004 0397 4222Laboratory of Immune and Biological Therapy, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Honar Cherif
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XDepartment of Hematology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XTranslational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Dermatology Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XTranslational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Dermatology Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ,grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XDepartment of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar ,grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar ,grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Francesco M. Marincola
- grid.418227.a0000 0004 0402 1634Global Head of Research, Kite Pharma, Santa Monica, California USA
| | - Said Dermime
- grid.413548.f0000 0004 0571 546XTranslational Cancer Research Facility, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, P.O. Box: 3050, Doha, Qatar ,grid.452146.00000 0004 1789 3191College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
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12
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HIF1A Knockout by Biallelic and Selection-Free CRISPR Gene Editing in Human Primary Endothelial Cells with Ribonucleoprotein Complexes. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010023. [PMID: 36671408 PMCID: PMC9856017 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary endothelial cells (ECs), especially human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), are broadly used in vascular biology. Gene editing of primary endothelial cells is known to be challenging, due to the low DNA transfection efficiency and the limited proliferation capacity of ECs. We report the establishment of a highly efficient and selection-free CRISPR gene editing approach for primary endothelial cells (HUVECs) with ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. We first optimized an efficient and cost-effective protocol for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery into primary HUVECs by nucleofection. Nearly 100% transfection efficiency of HUVECs was achieved with EGFP mRNA. Using this optimized DNA-free approach, we tested RNP-mediated CRISPR gene editing of primary HUVECs with three different gRNAs targeting the HIF1A gene. We achieved highly efficient (98%) and biallelic HIF1A knockout in HUVECs without selection. The effects of HIF1A knockout on ECs' angiogenic characteristics and response to hypoxia were validated by functional assays. Our work provides a simple method for highly efficient gene editing of primary endothelial cells (HUVECs) in studies and manipulations of ECs functions.
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13
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Bae SJ, Im DJ. Safe and efficient RNA and DNA introduction into cells using digital electroporation system. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108268. [PMID: 36155386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We systematically compared the delivery and expression efficiencies according to cell types (plant and animal cells) and genetic materials (RNA and DNA) to deliver RNA using a digital electroporation system. Despite the significantly lower RNA delivery in Chlamydomoans reinhartii than DNA delivery due to RNA secondary structure and cell wall, the expression/delivery ratio of RNA was significantly higher than that of DNA (up to 90%), confirming the generally known fact that RNA is more favorable for expression than DNA. On the other hand, in K562 cells, the difference in RNA and DNA delivery efficiency was negligible. Therefore, structural differences between DNA and RNA affect delivery efficiency differently depending on the cell type. RNA delivery efficiency of K562 cells was high, but expression efficiency was much lower than that of microalgae. According to the proposed strategy, compatibility between K562 cells and the nucleic acids used in this study is presumed to be one of the reasons for this low expression efficiency. Gene regulation by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) was demonstrated in K562 cells, confirming the feasibility of the digital electroporation system for RNA interference (RNAi) research as a safe and efficient delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, (48513) 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, (48513) 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, South Korea.
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14
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Laoharawee K, Johnson MJ, Lahr WS, Sipe CJ, Kleinboehl E, Peterson JJ, Lonetree CL, Bell JB, Slipek NJ, Crane AT, Webber BR, Moriarity BS. A Pan-RNase Inhibitor Enabling CRISPR-mRNA Platforms for Engineering of Primary Human Monocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9749. [PMID: 36077152 PMCID: PMC9456164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and their downstream effectors are critical components of the innate immune system. Monocytes are equipped with chemokine receptors, allowing them to migrate to various tissues, where they can differentiate into macrophage and dendritic cell subsets and participate in tissue homeostasis, infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. Enabling genome engineering in monocytes and their effector cells will facilitate a myriad of applications for basic and translational research. Here, we demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 RNPs can be used for efficient gene knockout in primary human monocytes. In addition, we demonstrate that intracellular RNases are likely responsible for poor and heterogenous mRNA expression as incorporation of pan-RNase inhibitor allows efficient genome engineering following mRNA-based delivery of Cas9 and base editor enzymes. Moreover, we demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas9 combined with an rAAV vector DNA donor template mediates site-specific insertion and expression of a transgene in primary human monocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that SIRPa knock-out monocyte-derived macrophages have enhanced activity against cancer cells, highlighting the potential for application in cellular immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanut Laoharawee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Matthew J. Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Walker S. Lahr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christopher J. Sipe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Evan Kleinboehl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph J. Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cara-lin Lonetree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jason B. Bell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Slipek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrew T. Crane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beau R. Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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15
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Forster Iii J, Nandi D, Kulkarni A. mRNA-carrying lipid nanoparticles that induce lysosomal rupture activate NLRP3 inflammasome and reduce mRNA transfection efficiency. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:5566-5582. [PMID: 35971974 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last several years, countless developments have been made to engineer more efficient and potent mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines, culminating in the rapid development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. However, despite these advancements and materials approaches, there is still a lack of understanding of the resultant immunogenicity of mRNA lipid nanoparticles. Therefore, a more mechanistic, design-driven approach needs to be taken to determine which biophysical characteristics, especially related to changes in lipid compositions, drive nanoparticle immunogenicity. Here, we synthesized a panel of six mRNA lipid nanoparticle formulations, varying the concentrations of different lipid components and systematically studied their effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation; a key intracellular protein complex that controls various inflammatory responses. Initial experiments aimed to determine differences in nanoparticle activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by IL-1β ELISA, which unveiled that nanoparticles with high concentrations of ionizable lipid DLin-MC3-DMA in tandem with high cationic lipid DPTAP and low cholesterol concentration induced the greatest activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These results were further corroborated by the measurement of ASC specks indicative of NLRP3 complex assembly, as well as cleaved gasdermin-D and caspase-1 expression indicating complex activation. We also uncovered these activation profiles to be mechanistically correlated primarily with lysosomal rupturing caused by the delayed membrane disruption capabilities of ionizable lipids until the lysosomal stage, as well as by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and calcium influx for some of the particles. Therefore, we report that the specific, combined effects of each lipid type, most notably ionizable, cationic lipids, and cholesterol, is a crucial mRNA lipid nanoparticle characteristic that varies the endo/lysosomal rupture capabilities of the formulation and activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in a lysosomal rupture dependent manner. These results provide a more concrete understanding of mRNA lipid Nanoparticle-Associated Molecular Patterns for the activation of molecular-level immune responses and provide new lipid composition design considerations for future mRNA-delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Forster Iii
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Dipika Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. .,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Ashish Kulkarni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. .,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.,Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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16
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Alternative CAR Therapies: Recent Approaches in Engineering Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immune Cells to Combat Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071493. [PMID: 35884798 PMCID: PMC9313317 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For nearly three decades, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have captivated the interest of researchers seeking to find novel immunotherapies to treat cancer. CARs were first designed to work with T cells, and the first CAR T cell therapy was approved to treat B cell lymphoma in 2017. Recent advancements in CAR technology have led to the development of modified CARs, including multi-specific CARs and logic gated CARs. Other immune cell types, including natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, have also been engineered to express CARs to treat cancer. Additionally, CAR technology has been adapted in novel approaches to treating autoimmune disease and other conditions and diseases. In this article, we review these recent advancements in alternative CAR therapies and design, as well as their mechanisms of action, challenges in application, and potential future directions.
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17
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Kim D, Han S, Ji Y, Moon S, Nam H, Lee JB. Multimeric RNAs for efficient RNA-based therapeutics and vaccines. J Control Release 2022; 345:770-785. [PMID: 35367477 PMCID: PMC8970614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in RNA therapeutics globally, and much progress has been made in this area, which has been further accelerated by the clinical applications of RNA-based vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Following these successful clinical trials, various technologies have been developed to improve the efficacy of RNA-based drugs. Multimerization of RNA therapeutics is one of the most attractive approaches to ensure high stability, high efficacy, and prolonged action of RNA-based drugs. In this review, we offer an overview of the representative approaches for generating repetitive functional RNAs by chemical conjugation, structural self-assembly, enzymatic elongation, and self-amplification. The therapeutic and vaccine applications of engineered multimeric RNAs in various diseases have also been summarized. By outlining the current status of multimeric RNAs, the potential of multimeric RNA as a promising treatment strategy is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonbin Ji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghyun Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyangsu Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Bum Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdaero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Moradian H, Roch T, Anthofer L, Lendlein A, Gossen M. Chemical modification of uridine modulates mRNA-mediated proinflammatory and antiviral response in primary human macrophages. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:854-869. [PMID: 35141046 PMCID: PMC8807976 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Moradian
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrerstr. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Toralf Roch
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine, Immunology, and Transplantation, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Hölkeskampring 40, 44625 Herne, Germany
| | - Larissa Anthofer
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrerstr. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrerstr. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrerstr. 15, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author Dr. Manfred Gossen, Institute of Active Polymers and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.
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19
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Moradian H, Gossen M, Lendlein A. Co-delivery of genes can be confounded by bicistronic vector design. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 12:145-153. [PMID: 35223145 PMCID: PMC8856875 DOI: 10.1557/s43579-021-00128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Maximizing the efficiency of nanocarrier-mediated co-delivery of genes for co-expression in the same cell is critical for many applications. Strategies to maximize co-delivery of nucleic acids (NA) focused largely on carrier systems, with little attention towards payload composition itself. Here, we investigated the effects of different payload designs: co-delivery of two individual "monocistronic" NAs versus a single bicistronic NA comprising two genes separated by a 2A self-cleavage site. Unexpectedly, co-delivery via the monocistronic design resulted in a higher percentage of co-expressing cells, while predictive co-expression via the bicistronic design remained elusive. Our results will aid the application-dependent selection of the optimal methodology for co-delivery of genes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1557/s43579-021-00128-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Moradian
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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20
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Rui Y, Wilson DR, Tzeng SY, Yamagata HM, Sudhakar D, Conge M, Berlinicke CA, Zack DJ, Tuesca A, Green JJ. High-throughput and high-content bioassay enables tuning of polyester nanoparticles for cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and systemic in vivo delivery of mRNA. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2855. [PMID: 34985952 PMCID: PMC8730632 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based mRNA therapeutics hold great promise, but cellular internalization and endosomal escape remain key barriers for cytosolic delivery. We developed a dual nanoparticle uptake and endosomal disruption assay using high-throughput and high-content image-based screening. Using a genetically encoded Galectin 8 fluorescent fusion protein sensor, endosomal disruption could be detected via sensor clustering on damaged endosomal membranes. Simultaneously, nucleic acid endocytosis was quantified using fluorescently tagged mRNA. We used an array of biodegradable poly(beta-amino ester)s as well as Lipofectamine and PEI to demonstrate that this assay has higher predictive capacity for mRNA delivery compared to conventional polymer and nanoparticle physiochemical characteristics. Top nanoparticle formulations enabled safe and efficacious mRNA expression in multiple tissues following intravenous injection, demonstrating that the in vitro screening method is also predictive of in vivo performance. Efficacious nonviral systemic delivery of mRNA with biodegradable particles opens up new avenues for genetic medicine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah M. Yamagata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepti Sudhakar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marranne Conge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Berea College, Berea, KY, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald J. Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Tuesca
- AstraZeneca, Dosage Form and Design Development, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Sloas C, Gill S, Klichinsky M. Engineered CAR-Macrophages as Adoptive Immunotherapies for Solid Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:783305. [PMID: 34899748 PMCID: PMC8652144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.783305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapies represent a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. Engineered adoptive cell therapies redirect and augment a leukocyte’s inherent ability to mount an immune response by introducing novel anti-tumor capabilities and targeting moieties. A prominent example of this approach is the use of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which have demonstrated significant efficacy against some hematologic malignancies. Despite increasingly sophisticated strategies to harness immune cell function, efficacy against solid tumors has remained elusive for adoptive cell therapies. Amongst cell types used in immunotherapies, however, macrophages have recently emerged as prominent candidates for the treatment of solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the use of monocytes and macrophages as adoptive cell therapies. Macrophages are innate immune cells that are intrinsically equipped with broad therapeutic effector functions, including active trafficking to tumor sites, direct tumor phagocytosis, activation of the tumor microenvironment and professional antigen presentation. We focus on engineering strategies for manipulating macrophages, with a specific focus on CAR macrophages (CAR-M). We highlight CAR design for macrophages, the production of CAR-M for adoptive cell transfer, and clinical considerations for their use in treating solid malignancies. We then outline recent progress and results in applying CAR-M as immunotherapies. The recent development of engineered macrophage-based therapies holds promise as a key weapon in the immune cell therapy armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saar Gill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Fattal E, Fay F. Nanomedicine-based delivery strategies for nucleic acid gene inhibitors in inflammatory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113809. [PMID: 34033819 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their abilities to modulate the expression of virtually any genes, RNA therapeutics have attracted considerable research efforts. Among the strategies focusing on nucleic acid gene inhibitors, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs have reached advanced clinical trial phases with several of them having recently been marketed. These successes were obtained by overcoming stability and cellular delivery issues using either chemically modified nucleic acids or nanoparticles. As nucleic acid gene inhibitors are promising strategies to treat inflammatory diseases, this review focuses on the barriers, from manufacturing issues to cellular/subcellular delivery, that still need to be overcome to deliver the nucleic acids to sites of inflammation other than the liver. Furthermore, key examples of applications in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel, and lung diseases are presented as case studies of systemic, oral, and lung nucleic acid delivery.
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23
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Lipofection with Synthetic mRNA as a Simple Method for T-Cell Immunomonitoring. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071232. [PMID: 34202260 PMCID: PMC8310085 DOI: 10.3390/v13071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of T-cell immune responses is crucial for the monitoring of natural and treatment-induced immunity, as well as for the validation of new immunotherapeutic approaches. The present study presents a simple method based on lipofection of synthetic mRNA in mononuclear cells as a method to determine in vitro T-cell responses. We compared several commercially available transfection reagents for their potential to transfect mRNA into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and murine splenocytes. We also investigated the impact of RNA modifications in improving this method. Our results demonstrate that antigen-specific T-cell immunomonitoring can be easily and quickly performed by simple lipofection of antigen-coding mRNA in complex immune cell populations. Thus, our work discloses a convenient solution for the in vitro monitoring of natural or therapy-induced T-cell immune responses.
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24
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Ding F, Zhang H, Li Q, Yang C. Identification of a potent ionizable lipid for efficient macrophage transfection and systemic anti-interleukin-1β siRNA delivery against acute liver failure. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5136-5149. [PMID: 34132324 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) therapy has great potential for treating inflammatory diseases. However, the development of potent carrier materials for delivering siRNA to macrophages is challenging. Herein, we design a set of ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to screen and identify a potent carrier of siRNA for silencing an essential pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in macrophages. The top performance LNP (114-LNP), containing ionizable lipid with spermine as an amine-head group, facilitated efficient siRNA internalization via multiple endocytosis pathways and achieved effective endosome escape in macrophages. The optimized LNP/siIL-1β achieved strong silencing of IL-1β in both activated Raw 264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Furthermore, systematic administration of 114-LNP/siIL-1β complexes could effectively inhibit IL-1β expression in an acute liver failure model and significantly attenuated hepatic inflammation and liver damage. These results suggest that the optimized ionizable lipid nanoparticle represents a promising platform for anti-inflammation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 25010, China.
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25
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Bartneck M. Lipid nanoparticle formulations for targeting leukocytes with therapeutic RNA in liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:70-88. [PMID: 33774114 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and low-grade inflammation are promoters of a multitude of diseases including liver fibrosis. Activation of the mobile leukocytes has a major impact on the outcome of inflammatory disease and can hence foster or mitigate liver fibrosis. This renders immunological targets valuable for directed interventions using nanomedicines. Particularly, RNA-based drugs formulated as lipid nanoparticles (LNP) can open new avenues for the personalized treatment of liver fibrosis both through specific interference and via the induction of the expression of functional and therapeutic proteins. Using microfluidics technology, all components, including lipid-anchored targeting ligands, are assembled in a single-step mixing process. A highlight is set to immunologically relevant liver cell types that are most vulnerable for being reached by LNP. A selection of LNP from other therapeutic fields applicable for reaching these cells in liver fbrosis is summarized. Furthermore, recent proceedings and major obstacles in the field of these targeted LNP are presented.
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26
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Moradian H, Lendlein A, Gossen M. Strategies for simultaneous and successive delivery of RNA. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1767-1779. [PMID: 33146744 PMCID: PMC7679312 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced non-viral gene delivery experiments often require co-delivery of multiple nucleic acids. Therefore, the availability of reliable and robust co-transfection methods and defined selection criteria for their use in, e.g., expression of multimeric proteins or mixed RNA/DNA delivery is of utmost importance. Here, we investigated different co- and successive transfection approaches, with particular focus on in vitro transcribed messenger RNA (IVT-mRNA). Expression levels and patterns of two fluorescent protein reporters were determined, using different IVT-mRNA doses, carriers, and cell types. Quantitative parameters determining the efficiency of co-delivery were analyzed for IVT-mRNAs premixed before nanocarrier formation (integrated co-transfection) and when simultaneously transfecting cells with separately formed nanocarriers (parallel co-transfection), which resulted in a much higher level of expression heterogeneity for the two reporters. Successive delivery of mRNA revealed a lower transfection efficiency in the second transfection round. All these differences proved to be more pronounced for low mRNA doses. Concurrent delivery of siRNA with mRNA also indicated the highest co-transfection efficiency for integrated method. However, the maximum efficacy was shown for successive delivery, due to the kinetically different peak output for the two discretely operating entities. Our findings provide guidance for selection of the co-delivery method best suited to accommodate experimental requirements, highlighting in particular the nucleic acid dose-response dependence on co-delivery on the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Moradian
- Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Biomaterial Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstr. 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany.
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Chakraborty A, Lasola JJM, Truong N, Pearson RM. Serum-Independent Nonviral Gene Delivery to Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells Using Immunoplexes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6263-6272. [PMID: 34604713 PMCID: PMC8486289 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineering of innate and adaptive immune cells represents a potential solution to treat numerous immune-mediated pathologies. Current immune engineering methods to introduce nucleic acids into cells with high efficiency rely on physical mechanisms such as electroporation, viral vectors, or other chemical methods. Gene delivery using non-viral nanoparticles offers significant flexibility in biomaterial design to tune critical parameters such as nano-bio interactions, transfection efficiency, and toxicity profiles. However, their clinical utility has been limited due to complex synthetic procedures, high toxicity at increased polymer (nitrogen, N) to DNA ratios (phosphate, P) (N/P ratios), poor transfection efficiency and nanoparticle stability in the presence of serum, and short-term gene expression. Here, we describe the development of a simple, polymer-based non-viral gene delivery platform based on simple modifications of polyethylenimine (PEI) that displays potent and serum-independent transfection of innate and adaptive immune cells. Cationic acetylated PEI (Ac-PEI) was synthesized and complexed with plasmid DNA (pDNA) followed by enveloping with an anionic polyelectrolyte layer of poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid) (PEMA) to form immunoplexes (IPs). Cellular interactions and gene expression could be precisely controlled in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, murine DC2.4 dendritic cells, and human Jurkat T cells by altering the levels of PEMA envelopment, thus providing a strategy to engineer specific cell targeting into the IP platform. Optimally formulated IPs for immune cell transfection in the presence of serum utilized high N/P ratios to enable high stability, displayed reduced toxicity, high gene expression, and a lengthened duration of gene expression (>3 days) compared to non-enveloped controls. These results demonstrate the potential of engineered IPs to serve as simple, modular, targetable, and efficient non-viral gene delivery platform to efficiently alter gene expression within cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Jackline Joy Martín Lasola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Nhu Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Ryan M. Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
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