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Zhang F, Wang Y, Liu B, Gong P, Shi C, Zhu L, Zhao J, Yao W, Liu Q, Luo J. Widely Targeted Metabolomic Analysis Revealed the Diversity in Milk from Goats, Sheep, Cows, and Buffaloes and Its Association with Flavor Profiles. Foods 2024; 13:1365. [PMID: 38731736 PMCID: PMC11083174 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The milk flavor can be attributed to the presence of numerous flavor molecules and precursors. In this study, we employed widely targeted metabolomic analysis techniques to analyze the metabolic profiles of various milk samples obtained from goats, sheep, dairy cows, and buffaloes. A total of 631 metabolites were identified in the milk samples, which were further categorized into 16 distinct classes. Principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that the metabolite profiles of samples from the same species exhibit clustering, while separated patterns of metabolite profiles are observed across goat, sheep, cow, and buffalo species. The differential metabolites between the groups of each species were screened based on fold change and variable importance in projection (VIP) values. Five core differential metabolites were subsequently identified, including 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxypropanoic acid, inosine 5'-triphosphate, methylcysteine, N-cinnamylglycine, and small peptide (L-tyrosine-L-aspartate). Through multiple comparisons, we also screened biomarkers of each type of milk. Our metabolomic data showed significant inter-species differences in the composition and concentration of some compounds, such as organic acids, amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, and their derivatives, which may affect the overall flavor properties of the milk sample. These findings provided insights into the molecular basis underlying inter-species variations in milk flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yaling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Baolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Ping Gong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumchi 830000, China;
| | - Chenbo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Lu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (F.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (C.S.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.); (W.Y.); (Q.L.)
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Qin K, Feng W, Ji Z, Jiang X, Hu Y, Li Y, Che C, Wang C, Mu C, Wang H. Shrimp Cultured in Low-Salt Saline-Alkali Water has a Better Amino Acid Nutrition and Umami─Comparison of Flavors between Saline-Alkali Water- and Seawater-Cultured Litopenaeus vannamei. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6585-6592. [PMID: 38494630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The advantages of Litopenaeus vannamei farming in saline-alkali water have gradually attracted attention, but few studies have focused on its flavor. In this study, L. vannamei cultured in saline-alkali water (SS) and ordinary seawater (CS) (both have a breeding time of 120 days) were selected for analysis (n = 5). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure free amino acids and flavoring nucleotides in the muscles of L. vannamei, while the taste activity value (TAV) and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) were used to analyze the degree of umami. The total essential amino acids (TEAA) in the SS group were 238.41 ± 46.24 mg/mL, significantly higher than that in the CS group (107.06 ± 15.65 mg/mL). The total amount of flavor nucleotides in the SS group was 2948.51 ± 233.66 μg/mL, significantly higher than those in the CS group (2530.37 ± 114.67 μg/mL). The content and TAV of some free amino acids (Glu, Cys-s) in the SS group were significantly higher. Meanwhile, due to the significant increase in IMP, the synergistic effect of free amino acids and flavored nucleotides leads to higher EUC. The significant separation of SS and CS samples in principal component analysis (PCA) indicates a significant difference between the two groups. Our results indicate that shrimp cultured in saline-alkali water has a stronger umami. This study enriches the basic theories related to the flavor of salt-alkali water crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxiang Qin
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Weihao Feng
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Ji
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Yun Hu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Chenxi Che
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
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Qin K, Li X, Jiang X, Hu Y, Li Y, Che C, Wang H, Wang C, Ye C, Mu C, Chen L, Wang F. Effect of Domestication on Nonvolatile Flavor Substances in Mud Crabs ( Scylla paramamosain): A Way to Improve the Quality of Commercial Crabs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15270-15279. [PMID: 37812743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the best domestication time for mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) that were domesticated in the same region was explored. MC crabs (Mang Cai City, Vietnam), TS crabs (Taishan City, Guangdong Province, China), and NB crabs (Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, China) were used as experiment groups, which were all domesticated in the Sanmen area for 28 days. Then, free amino acids and flavor nucleotides in muscles and hepatopancreas were determined. In MC and NB crabs, flavor amino acids in hepatopancreas and equivalent umami concentration (EUC) of flavor nucleotides in the hepatopancreas and muscles were lower than those of CK1 and CK3 crabs before domestication (0 day). There was no significant difference between MC and CK1 and between NB and CK3 crabs after 28 days of domestication. The content of umami amino acids, the total content of flavor nucleotides, and EUC in the hepatopancreas in TS crabs were lower than those in CK2 crabs and were still lower than those in CK2 crabs after 28 days of domestication. Therefore, it takes at least a month to domesticate mud crabs. The theoretical basis and technical reference for the directional cultivation of the flavor quality of mud crabs were provided in this study..
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangxiang Qin
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Hu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxi Che
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyu Ye
- Sanmen County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lizhi Chen
- Sanmen County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Sanmen County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
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Liu J, Xie F, Yi ZG, Ma T, Tie WT, Li YH, Bai J, Zhang LS. Gut microbiota deficiency ameliorates multiple myeloma and myeloma-related bone disease by Th17 cells in mice models. J Cancer 2023; 14:3191-3202. [PMID: 37928417 PMCID: PMC10622987 DOI: 10.7150/jca.88799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Multiple myeloma, the second most common hematological tumor, is currently incurable. Multiple myeloma-related bone disease is a characteristic clinical symptom that seriously affects the survival and prognosis of patients. In recent years, gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the occurrence and development of multiple myeloma. However, whether and how it affects the development of myelomatous bone disease is unclear. Methods: To investigate the mechanism and influence of the microbiota on multiple myeloma and myeloma bone disease, a myeloma-gut microbiota deletion mice model was established. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to analysis of bacterial flora changes. Histochemical staining and bone micro-CT were used to assess the severity of bone disease. Bone marrow tumor load and spleen Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results: Histochemical staining revealed a reduced tumor burden after eliminating gut microbial communities in mice by administering a mixture of antibiotics. According to the 16S rRNA sequencing of intestinal contents, antibiotic treatment resulted in a significant change in the microbiota of the mice. Bone micro-CT demonstrated that antibiotic treatment could reduce bone lesions caused by myeloma while increasing mineral density, bone volume fraction, trabecular bone thickness, and trabecular number. Meanwhile, histochemical staining of the bone found that the enhanced bone resorption was weakened by the change of flora. These results were consistent with the concentration of IL17 in serum and the frequency of Th17 cells in spleen. Conclusions: Herein, the effects of the gut microbiome on myeloma bone disease are investigated for the first time, providing new insight into its pathogenesis and suggesting that gut microbiota may serve as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma-associated bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lian-sheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Foysal MJ. Host habitat shapes the core gut bacteria of decapod crustaceans: A meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16511. [PMID: 37274665 PMCID: PMC10238905 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is an essential determinant factor that drives the physiological, immunological, and metabolic functions of animals. A few meta-analysis studies identified crucial information about the gut microbiota of vertebrate animals in different habitats including fish while no report is yet available for the commercially cultured decapod crustaceans (DC). This meta-analysis investigated the gut microbiota of 11 commercially cultured DC species from five different groups-crab, crayfish, lobster, prawn, and shrimp to gain an overview of microbial diversity and composition and to find out core genera under two different host habitats: freshwater and saltwater. The analysis of 627 Illumina datasets from 25 published studies revealed selective patterns of diversity and compositional differences among groups and between freshwater and saltwater culture systems. The study found a salinity-dependent heterogeneous response of gut microbiota, specifically Vibrio in saltwater for white shrimp, a species that can be cultured with and without salt. Overall, the genera reared in freshwater showed higher diversity in the gut microbial communities than those reared in saltwater. An overwhelming abundance of Candidatus Bacilloplasma and Vibrio were identified for species cultured in freshwater and saltwater system, respectively and these two species were identified as the main core genera for nine out of 11 DC species, except freshwater prawn and river prawn. Together, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the meta-analysis in identifying the robust and reproducible features of DC gut microbiota for different groups and host habitats. The diversity information curated here could be used as a reference for future studies to differentiate various DC species under two different rearing environments.
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Wang S, Guo K, Luo L, Zhang R, Xu W, Song Y, Zhao Z. Fattening in Saline and Alkaline Water Improves the Color, Nutritional and Taste Quality of Adult Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis. Foods 2022; 11:2573. [PMID: 36076762 PMCID: PMC9455910 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of pond-reared Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) grow and fatten in freshwater. Previous studies illustrated that E. sinensis cultured in saline-alkaline water in outdoor environments showed a higher quality than that cultured in freshwater. However, it is still unclear whether salinity or alkalinity has an important positive effect on the quality of E. sinensis. This study aimed to investigate the gonadal development, edible yield, coloration, and nutritional and flavor quality of E. sinensis fattening in saline and alkaline water indoors. Results showed that there were no significant changes observed in gonadosomatic index (GSI) and other edible parameters among freshwater (FW), saline water (SW), and alkaline water (AW) during the 55-day fattening period (p > 0.05). Significantly higher a* and b* values of freeze-dried female carapace were observed fattening in SW and AW compared with that of FW (p < 0.05). The crude protein in gonad and male muscle, moisture in female muscle, and crude lipid in male muscle increased significantly from FW to SW and AW (p < 0.05). Better nutritional and flavor values were also detected in male hepatopancreas and muscles. In conclusion, numerous advantages of fattening in SW and AW were observed, including the improvement of carotenoid accumulation in freeze-dried carapace, DHA, EPA, total essential free amino acids (∑EFAA), total free amino acids (∑FAA), and total umami values (∑TUV) contents in male hepatopancreas and muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Wang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Yingying Song
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-Alkaline Water Fisheries (Harbin), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
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Biochemical composition and quality of wild-caught adult mitten crabs from three river basins. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang Y, Lai Y, Zhou X, Zhu F. The Role of microRNA-133 in Hemocyte Proliferation and Innate Immunity of Scylla paramamosain. Front Immunol 2022; 12:812717. [PMID: 35154084 PMCID: PMC8828940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.812717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important signaling regulators that are involved in regulating the innate immunity of crustacean. However, few studies focus on the role of crustacean miRNAs in the cellular immunity have been reported. In this study, we showed that the expression of miR-133 was significantly up-regulated in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain after infection by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The anti-miRNA oligonucleotide AMO-miR-133 was used to knock down miR-133 expression in S. paramamosain. The number of WSSV copies increased significantly in WSSV-infected crabs after miR-133 knockdown. Knockdown of miR-133 also enhanced the mortality rates of WSSV-infected and V. parahaemolyticus-infected mud crabs, and it significantly enhanced the expression of the astakine, which was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The data also indicate that miR-133 may affect hemocyte proliferation in S. paramamosain by regulating astakine expression. miR-133 Knockdown enhanced the apoptosis or phagocytosis of crab hemocytes, and increased the mortality of mud crabs after WSSV or V. parahaemolyticus infection. These results indicate that miR-133 is involved in the host immune response to WSSV and V. parahaemolyticus infection in mud crabs. Taken together, our research provides new insights for the control of viral or vibrio diseases in S. paramamosain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongyong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Environmental salinity and dietary lipid nutrition strategy: Effects on flesh quality of the marine euryhaline crab Scylla paramamosain. Food Chem 2021; 361:130160. [PMID: 34062457 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quality of crustaceans' flesh has direct impact on consumers' purchase choices, with water environment and dietary nutrition being effective ways to regulate flesh quality. The aim of present study was to investigate the impacts of water salinity (low, 4 and medium, 23) and dietary lipid source (fish oil and soybean oil) on nutritional values, texture, taste and odor of flesh of mud crab. While water salinity had no significant influence on nutritional values of crab flesh, crabs fed soybean oil displayed significantly lower contents of amino acids and n-3 PUFAs in muscle. However, crabs reared at low salinity showed reduced flesh hardness, chewiness and gumminess likely related to altered myofiber structure, that impacted muscle texture. Furthermore, low salinity and dietary soybean oil weakened umami taste and aroma characteristics of crab flesh associated with decreased contents of free amino acids, flavor nucleotides, inorganic ions and odor active compounds in flesh.
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Fazhan H, Waiho K, Fujaya Y, Rukminasari N, Ma H, Ikhwanuddin M. Sexual dimorphism in mud crabs: a tale of three sympatric Scylla species. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10936. [PMID: 33954025 PMCID: PMC8048398 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is a common phenomenon in the animal kingdom. To test the consistency of sexual dimorphism patterns among sympatric species of the same genus, ten morphometric characteristics of mud crabs Scylla olivacea, S. tranquebarica and S. paramamosain were measured and compared using Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). The descriptive analysis revealed that in all three species, body size dimensions and cheliped dimensions were significantly larger in males whereas the abdomen width was female-biased. Also, we described a morphological variation (carapace width, CW ≤ CW at spine 8, 8CW) that is unique to S. olivacea. Discriminant function analysis revealed that all nine morphometric characteristics were sexually dimorphic in S. olivacea, S. tranquebarica (except right cheliped's merus length, ML) and S. paramamosain (except 8CW). The obtained discriminant functions based on the morphometric ratios (with CW as divisor) correctly classified 100% of adults of known sex of all three species. Further, based on the selected body traits, DFA was able to almost completely distinguish males (94%), but not females (74%), among the three Scylla species. This study highlights that congeneric species of portunids (e.g., Scylla spp.) show similar sexually dimorphic characteristics (body size and secondary sexual characteristics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanafiah Fazhan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yushinta Fujaya
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fishery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Nita Rukminasari
- Faculty of Marine Science and Fishery, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Hongyu Ma
- STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Mhd Ikhwanuddin
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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