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Ahmed SZ, Khan AS, Aljeshi NM, Md Sabri BA, Akhtar S, Abu Hassan MI. A Comparative In Vitro Physicochemical Analysis of Resin Infiltrants Doped With Bioactive Glasses. Cureus 2024; 16:e64500. [PMID: 39007016 PMCID: PMC11246546 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the longevity and effectiveness of bioactive glass (BAG)-based dental resin infiltrants. Materials and methods The three types of BAG - 45S5 bioglass (RIS), boron-substituted (RIB), and fluoride-substituted (RIF) - were incorporated with photoinitiated dimethacrylate monomers to create experimental resin infiltrants. ICON® (CN; DMG-America, Ridgefield Park, NJ) and pure resin (PR) were used as control groups in this study. Disc-shaped samples were prepared for the experimental and control groups. The samples were challenged with the pH cycle and immersed in the artificial saliva for 30 days. On Day 0 and Day 30, the pH cycle and artificial saliva immersion, Vicker's microhardness, surface roughness, and surface morphology were investigated. Results The RIF group's disc samples showed the highest Vicker's microhardness values (78.20 ±0.06) on Day 30 of artificial saliva immersion, whereas the CN group's values were the lowest (55.99 ±0.24). Following the pH cycling, the RIF displayed the highest hardness (64.15 ±1.89) whereas the CN group's values were the lowest (33.47 ±1.28). Regarding surface roughness, on Day 30, the RIB resin group exhibited the highest (1.14 ±0.001 µm). In contrast, the CN resin showed the lowest (1.07 ±0.06 µm) values, while immersed in the artificial saliva solution. In the same duration of time, in the pH cycling solution, PR showed the least (0.85 ±0.89 µm), while RIF showed the highest roughness value (0.94 ±0.54 µm). Morphological analysis revealed that following the artificial saliva immersion, the RIB, CN, and PR exhibited smoother surfaces compared to the RIS and RIF groups. However, when immersed in the pH cycling solution, RIB and RIF showed more resistance against acid attack. Conclusions Our results revealed that the experimental resin groups performed much better than the commercial resin infiltrants following artificial saliva and pH cycling challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Abdul S Khan
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Naemah M Aljeshi
- Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
| | - Budi A Md Sabri
- Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University Teknologi Mara, Sungai Buloh, MYS
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU
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de Souza TR, Zancope BR, de Sousa ET, Parisotto TM, Rocha Marques M, Nobre dos Santos M. Sucrose rinse modulates the salivary behavior of carbonic anhydrase VI and its buffering capacity: a longitudinal study in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17429. [PMID: 38827285 PMCID: PMC11144396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the CA VI function, diminishing its capacity to regulate pH effectively and potentially exacerbating cariogenic challenges. This 1-year cohort study sought to investigate the enzymatic activity of salivary CA VI and buffering capacity following a 20% sucrose rinse in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. Method This research involved 46 volunteers categorized into three groups based on their caries status after follow-up: caries-free (CFee), arrested caries (CArrested), and caries active (CActive). Children underwent visible biofilm examination and saliva collection for salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and CA VI analyses before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. Results A reduction in the buffering capacity was observed after sucrose rinse in all groups. The CA VI activity decreased significantly in CFee and CArrested groups after sucrose rinse, although it did not change in the CActive group. An improvement in the buffering capacity and salivary flow rate was found at follow-up when compared with the baseline. After 1-year follow-up, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate increased in all groups, whilst the CA VI activity reduced only in CFree and CArrested children. Conclusion Sucrose rinse universally reduces the salivary buffering capacity, while caries activity may disrupt CA VI activity response during a cariogenic challenge. After a year, increased salivary flow enhances buffering capacity but not CA VI activity in caries-active children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Rodrigues de Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Raquel Zancope
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Manzano Parisotto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, São Francisco University Dental School, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre dos Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alqahtani AA, Alhalabi F, Alam MK. Salivary elemental signature of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of ionomics studies. Odontology 2024; 112:27-50. [PMID: 37526792 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Trace- and macro-chemical elements are crucial for cellular physiological functioning, and their alterations in biological fluids might be associated with an underlying pathological state. Hence, this study aimed to examine and summarize the published literature concerning the application of salivary ionomics for caries diagnosis. An extensive search of studies was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, without any language and year restriction for answering the following PECO question: "In subjects (i.e., children, adolescents, or adults) with good systematic health, are there any variations in the salivary concentrations of trace- or macro-elements between caries-free (CF) individuals and caries-active (CA) subjects?" A modified version of the QUADOMICS tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The Review Manager Version 5.4.1. was used for data analyses. The analysis of salivary chemical elements that significantly differed between CF and CA subjects was also performed. Thirty-four studies were included, involving 2299 CA and 1669 CF subjects, having an age range from 3 to 64 years in over 16 countries. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the salivary levels of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and zinc between CA and CF subjects, suggesting higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium in CF subjects while higher levels of chloride, magnesium, and zinc in CA patients. Half of the included studies (17/34) were considered high quality, while the remaining half were considered medium quality. Only zinc and chloride ions were found to be higher significantly and consistent in CF and CA subjects, respectively. Conflicting outcomes were observed for all other salivary chemical elements including aluminum, bromine, calcium, copper, fluoride, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and sulfate ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Feras Alhalabi
- Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Zancopé B, Rodrigues LP, Lopes LM, de-Sousa ET, Steiner-Oliveira C, Rodrigues LKA, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. CO 2 laser irradiation combined with fluoridated dentifrice improved its protective effect on caries lesion progression regardless of the acidulated phosphate fluoride gel application: An in situ study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:7753-7763. [PMID: 37999801 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in situ study aimed to investigate the efficacy of CO2 laser at a 10.6-µm wavelength combined with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) and fluoridated dentifrice with 1100 µg F/g (FD) to control enamel caries progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen volunteers wore palatal appliances containing eight demineralized enamel specimens for four 14-day phases under sucrose exposure. These specimens were submitted to CO2 laser irradiation and APF alone or combined with FD. Treatment groups were non-fluoridated dentifrice-NFD, NFD + CO2 laser, NFD + APF, NFD + CO2 laser + APF, FD, FD + CO2 laser, FD + APF, and FD + CO2 laser + APF. Mineral loss, calcium fluoride (CaF2), fluorapatite (FAp), and fluoride in the biofilm were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test, p < 0.05. RESULTS The highest mineral loss inhibition was noted when FD and CO2 laser irradiation were combined, which did not significantly differ from the FD + CO2 laser + APF group. The CaF2, FAp, and F in the biofilm were more pronounced when the FD and APF were combined. The CO2 laser irradiation promoted a slightly higher concentration of CaF2 in the enamel and F in the biofilm. CONCLUSION Although APF promotes the high formation of CaF2 and FAp, the combined use of FD with CO2 laser overcomes the APF effect in inhibiting the progression of artificial caries-like lesions in situ. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Under the in situ design of this study, remineralization of white spot lesions was achieved through CO2 laser irradiation and daily use of fluoridated dentifrice. Future clinical trials are encouraged to substantiate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Zancopé
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Pagotto Rodrigues
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lenita Marangoni Lopes
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares de-Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Cardoso AA, de Sousa ET, Steiner-Oliveira C, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Debonding of orthodontic appliance changes salivary physicochemical properties and favors regression of active caries lesions: A 13-week follow-up study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:607-616. [PMID: 34779541 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate whether orthodontic appliance removal (OAR) combined with caries-preventive strategies and fluoride varnish treatments alters salivary physicochemical properties, changes the activity of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VIACT ) and α-amylase (α-AMLACT ), and favors the regression of active caries lesions (ACL). DESIGN Twenty-two individuals aged between 13 and 24 years were assessed for the presence of visible biofilm, daily sugar exposure, caries activity, salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, buffering capacity (BC), and CA VIACT and α-AMLACT activity at baseline, and 1, 5, and 13 weeks after OAR. Variables were assessed using repeated-measures analysis of variance, Cochran's Q and McNemar's test, and Pearson's correlation. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the number of ACL at the 5-week (29% reduction) and 13-week follow-ups (58% reduction). At the 5- and 13-week follow-ups, the percentage of visible biofilm and sugar exposure decreased, whereas the salivary pH and α-AMLACT activity significantly increased. BC and CA VIACT remained unchanged throughout the follow-up. CONCLUSION OAR combined with caries-preventive strategies and fluoride varnish treatments favored the regression of ACL and increased salivary pH and α-AMLACT activity, whereas BC and CA VIACT remained stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Alves Cardoso
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Biofilm accumulation and sucrose rinse modulate calcium and fluoride bioavailability in the saliva of children with early childhood caries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10283. [PMID: 35717506 PMCID: PMC9206641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the combined effect of biofilm accumulation and 20% sucrose rinse on the modulation of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi), and fluoride (F-) bioavailability in the saliva of children with early childhood caries (ECC). Fifty-six preschoolers of both genders were evaluated according to caries experience and activity: caries-free (CF, n = 28) and with ECC (n = 28) and then, submitted to biofilm intervention (biofilm accumulation). In each situation, saliva samples were collected before and five minutes after a 20% sucrose rinse to determine the concentrations of Ca2+, Pi, and F-. Calcium concentration was significantly lower in the biofilm accumulation situation compared to the situation of biofilm mechanical control (p ≤ 0.01), except for CF children after sucrose rinse. Biofilm accumulation increased salivary calcium concentration in children with ECC after sucrose rinse (p = 0.04), whereas mechanical biofilm control reduced it in both groups (p = 0.000). Phosphate concentration was influenced by mechanical control of biofilm in CF children (p = 0.03). The fluoride bioavailability was reduced by sucrose rinse and biofilm accumulation in CF and ECC children (p ≤ 0.002). In conclusion, the combined effect of biofilm accumulation and sucrose rinse modifies the bioavailability of calcium and fluoride in the saliva of children with early childhood caries.
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Shah TJ, R. M, Joshi AB, Reenayai N. Evaluation of the Cariogenic Potential and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva after the Consumption of Candies and Paneer: An In Vivo Study. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES NU 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim The present study was performed to assess and compare the changes in pH, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva after consuming candies, followed by rinsing with water and consumption of paneer.
Materials and Methods Baseline saliva of 5 mL was collected from 60 children and they were asked to chew on candies. After 10 minutes of intake of candies, 5 mL of saliva was collected. They were then divided into two groups of 30 each and test products were given. Group 1: rinse with water and group 2: chew 20 g of paneer and swallow. Saliva of % mL was collected after 10, 20, and, 30 minutes from the study groups. The saliva samples collected were assessed for pH, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and TAC. The data were analyzed using the paired t-test and post hoc Tukey's test.
Results The pH, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase decreased from baseline values after consuming candies significantly (p < 0.001). These increased after rinsing with water and consumption of paneer which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The TAC values increased significantly after consuming candies and decreased after rinsing with water and consumption of paneer which was substantial for both the groups.
Conclusion Consumption of candies created a cariogenic milieu. Both the study groups were effective in the reversal of the cariogenic potential. The consumption of paneer caused remineralizing properties and showed superior results than rinsing with water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manju R.
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Attavar Balakrishna Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to University), Derelakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aum B. Joshi
- College of Dental Sciences, Amargadh, Gujarat, India
| | - Ngangbam Reenayai
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Attavar Balakrishna Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Derelakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Zhang Y, Huang S, Jia S, Sun Z, Li S, Li F, Zhang L, Lu J, Tan K, Teng F, Yang F. The predictive power of saliva electrolytes exceeds that of saliva microbiomes in diagnosing early childhood caries. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1921486. [PMID: 34035879 PMCID: PMC8131007 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1921486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting children worldwide, and thus its etiology, diagnosis, and prognosis are of particular clinical significance. This study aims to test the ability of salivary microbiome and electrolytes in diagnosing ECC, and their interplays within the same population. We here simultaneously profiled salivary microbiome and biochemical components of 331 children (166 caries-free (H group) and 165 caries-active children (C group)) aged 4-6 years. We identified both salivary microbial and biochemical dysbiosis associated with ECC. Remarkably, K+, Cl-, NH4+, Na+, SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Br- were enriched while pH and NO3- were depleted in ECC. Moreover, the dmft index (ECC severity) positively correlated with Cl-, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Br-, while negatively with pH and NO3-. Furthermore, machine-learning classification models were constructed based on these biomarkers from saliva microbiota, or electrolytes (and pH). Unexpectedly, the electrolyte-based classifier (AUROC = 0.94) outperformed microbiome-based (AUROC = 0.70) one and the composite-based one (with both microbial and biochemical data; AUC = 0.89) in predicting ECC. Collectively, these findings indicate ECC-associated alterations and interplays in the oral microbiota, electrolytes and pH, underscoring the necessity of developing diagnostic models with predictors from salivary electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shi Huang
- Centre of Microbiome Innovation, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA.,UCSD Health Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Songbo Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300400 China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Stomatology Centre, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, 276000 China
| | - Jie Lu
- Stomatology Centre, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China
| | - Kaixuan Tan
- Stomatology Centre, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071 China
| | - Fei Teng
- Single-Cell Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Yang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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de-Sousa ET, Lima-Holanda AT, Nobre-Dos-Santos M. Carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm can predict early childhood caries: A preliminary study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2021; 31:361-371. [PMID: 32815217 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate whether carbonic anhydrase VI activity (CA VIACT ), pH, and buffering capacity (BC) in saliva and biofilm could predict the number of lesion occurrence and early childhood caries (ECC). DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed in a sample of 44 children aged 4 to 5 years who were examined regarding their caries status (dmfs + active white spot lesions-WSL) and allocated into two groups: ECC and caries-free (CF). Saliva and biofilm were collected to determine pH, BC, and CA VIACT . Data were analyzed using the Student t test, and multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses followed by the ROC curve. RESULTS Children with ECC exhibited lower pH and BC in saliva and a higher CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm. Only saliva pH could predict the dmfs + active WSL. In biofilm, if CA VIACT is increased by one pixel/µg, 0.85 ± 0.28 increase is expected in the number of active WSL. Salivary pH and CA VIACT in saliva and biofilm had the power to predict ECC occurrence. CONCLUSION Changes in saliva pH and CA VIACT in biofilm predicted the number of lesion occurrence. Furthermore, CA VIACT in both saliva and biofilm can predict propensity for ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Tavares de-Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Tavares Lima-Holanda
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
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10
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The role of mechanical control of biofilm in the salivary pH after sucrose exposure in children with early childhood caries. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7496. [PMID: 33820926 PMCID: PMC8021547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study sought to investigate if the mechanical control of biofilm (3-times-a-day) modifies the saliva’s ability to buffer the oral environment after 20% sucrose rinse (SR20%) in children with early childhood caries (ECC). Here, SR20% reduced the saliva’s pH in both groups and the mechanical control of biofilm had a greater effect on this parameter after SR20% in CF children. The mechanical control of biofilm evidenced a higher buffering capacity in CF children before SR20%, which was not observed after SR20%. Otherwise, the absence of mechanical control of biofilm showed that buffering capacity was comparable in the two groups before SR20%, whereas after SR20% the saliva’s buffering capacity of CF children was higher than ECC children. When biofilm was mechanically controlled, carbonic anhydrase VI activity did not change after SR20% whereas the absence of mechanical control of biofilm reduced this enzyme activity after SR20%. In conclusion, the mechanical control of biofilm did not change saliva’s ability to buffer the oral environment after SR20% in children with ECC. On the other hand, CF children appeared to regulate more effectively the saliva’s pH than ECC children while the absence of mechanical control of biofilm mediated their pH-modifying ability after SR20%.
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Nosrati H, Sarraf-Mamoory R, Le DQS, Zolfaghari Emameh R, Canillas Perez M, Bünger CE. Improving the mechanical behavior of reduced graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites using gas injection into powders synthesis autoclave. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8552. [PMID: 32444676 PMCID: PMC7244769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we show the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite (rGO/HA) composites using a hydrothermal autoclave with argon-15% hydrogen gas injection. This both increases the hydrothermal pressure and uses hydrogen as a reductive agent in the process. The synthesized powders were then consolidated with spark plasma sintering method. The analysis of the consolidated samples included Vickers Indentation technique and cell viability. The results showed that injected gases in the autoclave produced powders with a higher crystallinity compared to synthesis without the gases. Also, hydrogen gas led to increased reduction of GO. The microscopic analysis confirmed existing graphene sheets with folding and wrinkling in the powders and indicated that various preferential directions played a role in the growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. The results showed that in general, graphene sheets increased the mechanical properties of HA. In the samples synthesized with injected gases, this increase was more significant. Interface analysis results indicate that reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/HA interface is likely coherent. These nanocomposites were biocompatible and showed some hydrophobicity compared to pure HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Nosrati
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Cody Eric Bünger
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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