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Voros C, Bauer D, Migh E, Grexa I, Végh AG, Szalontai B, Castellani G, Danka T, Dzeroski S, Koos K, Piccinini F, Horvath P. Correlative Fluorescence and Raman Microscopy to Define Mitotic Stages at the Single-Cell Level: Opportunities and Limitations in the AI Era. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:187. [PMID: 36831953 PMCID: PMC9953278 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, morphology and molecular analyses at the single-cell level have a fundamental role in understanding biology better. These methods are utilized for cell phenotyping and in-depth studies of cellular processes, such as mitosis. Fluorescence microscopy and optical spectroscopy techniques, including Raman micro-spectroscopy, allow researchers to examine biological samples at the single-cell level in a non-destructive manner. Fluorescence microscopy can give detailed morphological information about the localization of stained molecules, while Raman microscopy can produce label-free images at the subcellular level; thus, it can reveal the spatial distribution of molecular fingerprints, even in live samples. Accordingly, the combination of correlative fluorescence and Raman microscopy (CFRM) offers a unique approach for studying cellular stages at the single-cell level. However, subcellular spectral maps are complex and challenging to interpret. Artificial intelligence (AI) may serve as a valuable solution to characterize the molecular backgrounds of phenotypes and biological processes by finding the characteristic patterns in spectral maps. The major contributions of the manuscript are: (I) it gives a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on AI techniques in Raman-based cellular phenotyping; (II) via the presentation of a case study, a new neural network-based approach is described, and the opportunities and limitations of AI, specifically deep learning, are discussed regarding the analysis of Raman spectroscopy data to classify mitotic cellular stages based on their spectral maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Voros
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Bauer
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ede Migh
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Istvan Grexa
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Gergely Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Szalontai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gastone Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tivadar Danka
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Saso Dzeroski
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krisztian Koos
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Filippo Piccinini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Via G. Massarenti 9, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio Dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, I-47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Peter Horvath
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre (BRC), Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Single-Cell Technologies Ltd., Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Chean KT, Aalinkeel R, Abbasi S, Sharikova AV, Schwartz SA, Khmaladze A, Mahajan SD. Raman spectroscopy based molecular signatures of methamphetamine and HIV induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 621:116-121. [PMID: 35820281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
METH and HIV Tat treatment results in increased oxidative stress which affects cellular metabolism and causes DNA damage in the treated microglia. Both, METH ± HIV Tat impair mitochondrial respiration, leading to dysfunction in bioenergetics and increased ROS in microglial cells. Our data indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction may be key to the METH and/or HIV Tat-induced neuropathology. METH and/or HIV Tat induced changes in the protein, lipid and nucleotide concentration in microglial cells were measured by Raman Spectroscopy, and we speculate that these fundamental molecular-cellular changes in microglial cells contribute to the neuropathology that is associated with METH abuse in HIV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoo Ting Chean
- Department of Physics, University at Albany SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo's Clinical Translational Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Serfraz Abbasi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo's Clinical Translational Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Anna V Sharikova
- Department of Physics, University at Albany SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo's Clinical Translational Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Alexander Khmaladze
- Department of Physics, University at Albany SUNY, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo's Clinical Translational Research Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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Messmer MW, Dieser M, Smith HJ, Parker AE, Foreman CM. Investigation of Raman Spectroscopic Signatures with Multivariate Statistics: An Approach for Cataloguing Microbial Biosignatures. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:14-24. [PMID: 34558961 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic instruments are increasingly being implemented in the search for extraterrestrial life. However, microstructural spectral analyses of alien environments could prove difficult without knowledge on the molecular identification of individual spectral signatures. To bridge this gap, we introduce unsupervised K-means clustering as a statistical approach to discern spectral patterns of biosignatures without prior knowledge of spectral regions of biomolecules. Spectral profiles of bacterial isolates from analogous polar ice sheets were measured with Raman spectroscopy. Raman analysis identified carotenoid and violacein pigments, and key cellular features including saturated and unsaturated fats, triacylglycerols, and proteins. Principal component analysis and targeted spectra integration biplot analysis revealed that the clustering of bacterial isolates was attributed to spectral biosignatures influenced by carotenoid pigments and ratio of unsaturated/saturated fat peaks. Unsupervised K-means clustering highlighted the prevalence of the corresponding spectral peaks, while subsequent supervised permutational multivariate analysis of variance provided statistical validation for spectral differences associated with the identified cellular features. Establishing a validated catalog of spectral signatures of analogous biotic and abiotic materials, in combination with targeted supervised tools, could prove effective at identifying extant biosignatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch W Messmer
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Markus Dieser
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Heidi J Smith
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, and Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Albert E Parker
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Christine M Foreman
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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Samuel AZ, Horii S, Ando M, Takeyama H. Deconstruction of Obscure Features in SVD-Decomposed Raman Images from P. chrysogenum Reveals Complex Mixing of Spectra from Five Cellular Constituents. Anal Chem 2021; 93:12139-12146. [PMID: 34445869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raman imaging has transcended in recent times from being an analytical tool to a molecular profiling technique. Biomedical applications of this technique often rely on singular-value decomposition (SVD), principal component analysis (PCA), etc. for data analysis. These methods, however, obliterate the molecular information contained in the original Raman data leading to speculative interpretations based on relative intensities. In the present study, SVD analysis of the Raman images from Penicillium chrysogenum resulted in 11 spectral components and corresponding images with highly distorted spectral features and complex image contrast, respectively. To interpret the SVD results in molecular terms, we have developed a combined multivariate approach. By applying this methodology, we have successfully extracted the contribution of five biomolecular constituents of the P. chrysogenum filamentous cell to the SVD vectors. Molecular interpretability will help SVD/PCA surpass the realm of variance-based classification to a more meaningful molecular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Zachariah Samuel
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Shumpei Horii
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Advanced Science Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ando
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovations, Waseda University, 513, Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST-Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Tubbesing K, Khoo TC, Bahreini Jangjoo S, Sharikova A, Barroso M, Khmaladze A. Iron-binding cellular profile of transferrin using label-free Raman hyperspectral imaging and singular value decomposition (SVD). Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:416-424. [PMID: 33930515 PMCID: PMC8667008 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Serum transferrin (Tf) is the essential iron transport protein in the body. Transferrin is responsible for the sequestration of free iron in serum and the delivery of iron throughout the body and into cells, where iron is released inside a mildly acidified endosome. Altered iron distributions are associated with diseases such as iron-overload, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. The presence of free iron is linked to deleterious redox reactions, inside and outside cells and organelles. As Tf iron release is pH dependent, any changes in intraorganelle and extracellular pH, often associated with disease progression, could inhibit normal iron delivery or accelerate iron release in the wrong compartment. However, imaging approaches to monitor changes in the iron-bound state of Tf are lacking. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has been shown to measure iron-bound forms of Tf in solution, intact cells and tissue samples. Here, a biochemical Raman assay has been developed to identify iron-release from Tf following modification of chemical environment. Quantitative singular value decomposition (SVD) method has been applied to discriminate between iron-bound Tf samples during endocytic trafficking in intact cancer cells subjected to Raman hyperspectral confocal imaging. We demonstrate the strength of the SVD method to monitor pH-induced Tf iron-release using Raman hyperspectral imaging, providing the redox biology field with a novel tool that facilitates subcellular investigation of the iron-binding profile of transferrin in various disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Tubbesing
- Physics Department, SUNY University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Ting Chean Khoo
- Physics Department, SUNY University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Shahab Bahreini Jangjoo
- Physics Department, SUNY University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Anna Sharikova
- Physics Department, SUNY University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Alexander Khmaladze
- Physics Department, SUNY University at Albany, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
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