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Lázár I, Čelko L, Menelaou M. Aerogel-Based Materials in Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering-A Review with Future Implications. Gels 2023; 9:746. [PMID: 37754427 PMCID: PMC10530393 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerogels are fascinating solid materials known for their highly porous nanostructure and exceptional physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. They show great promise in various technological and biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, and bone and cartilage substitution. To evaluate the bioactivity of bone substitutes, researchers typically conduct in vitro tests using simulated body fluids and specific cell lines, while in vivo testing involves the study of materials in different animal species. In this context, our primary focus is to investigate the applications of different types of aerogels, considering their specific materials, microstructure, and porosity in the field of bone and cartilage tissue engineering. From clinically approved materials to experimental aerogels, we present a comprehensive list and summary of various aerogel building blocks and their biological activities. Additionally, we explore how the complexity of aerogel scaffolds influences their in vivo performance, ranging from simple single-component or hybrid aerogels to more intricate and organized structures. We also discuss commonly used formulation and drying methods in aerogel chemistry, including molding, freeze casting, supercritical foaming, freeze drying, subcritical, and supercritical drying techniques. These techniques play a crucial role in shaping aerogels for specific applications. Alongside the progress made, we acknowledge the challenges ahead and assess the near and far future of aerogel-based hard tissue engineering materials, as well as their potential connection with emerging healing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Lázár
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ladislav Čelko
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Melita Menelaou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Arch. Kyprianos Str., Limassol 3036, Cyprus
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Karamikamkar S, Yalcintas EP, Haghniaz R, de Barros NR, Mecwan M, Nasiri R, Davoodi E, Nasrollahi F, Erdem A, Kang H, Lee J, Zhu Y, Ahadian S, Jucaud V, Maleki H, Dokmeci MR, Kim H, Khademhosseini A. Aerogel-Based Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications: From Fabrication Methods to Disease-Targeting Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204681. [PMID: 37217831 PMCID: PMC10427407 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aerogel-based biomaterials are increasingly being considered for biomedical applications due to their unique properties such as high porosity, hierarchical porous network, and large specific pore surface area. Depending on the pore size of the aerogel, biological effects such as cell adhesion, fluid absorption, oxygen permeability, and metabolite exchange can be altered. Based on the diverse potential of aerogels in biomedical applications, this paper provides a comprehensive review of fabrication processes including sol-gel, aging, drying, and self-assembly along with the materials that can be used to form aerogels. In addition to the technology utilizing aerogel itself, it also provides insight into the applicability of aerogel based on additive manufacturing technology. To this end, how microfluidic-based technologies and 3D printing can be combined with aerogel-based materials for biomedical applications is discussed. Furthermore, previously reported examples of aerogels for regenerative medicine and biomedical applications are thoroughly reviewed. A wide range of applications with aerogels including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostics are demonstrated. Finally, the prospects for aerogel-based biomedical applications are presented. The understanding of the fabrication, modification, and applicability of aerogels through this study is expected to shed light on the biomedical utilization of aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | | | - Marvin Mecwan
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics EngineeringUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada
| | - Fatemeh Nasrollahi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California‐Los Angeles (UCLA)Los AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKocaeli UniversityUmuttepe CampusKocaeli41001Turkey
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
| | - Hajar Maleki
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CologneGreinstraße 650939CologneGermany
- Center for Molecular Medicine CologneCMMC Research CenterRobert‐Koch‐Str. 2150931CologneGermany
| | | | - Han‐Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
- College of PharmacyKorea UniversitySejong30019Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI)Los AngelesCA90024USA
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Bakhori NM, Ismail Z, Hassan MZ, Dolah R. Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology: Aerogel-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1063. [PMID: 36985957 PMCID: PMC10058649 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
At present, aerogel is one of the most interesting materials globally. The network of aerogel consists of pores with nanometer widths, which leads to a variety of functional properties and broad applications. Aerogel is categorized as inorganic, organic, carbon, and biopolymers, and can be modified by the addition of advanced materials and nanofillers. Herein, this review critically discusses the basic preparation of aerogel from the sol-gel reaction with derivation and modification of a standard method to produce various aerogels for diverse functionalities. In addition, the biocompatibility of various types of aerogels were elaborated. Then, biomedical applications of aerogel were focused on this review as a drug delivery carrier, wound healing agent, antioxidant, anti-toxicity, bone regenerative, cartilage tissue activities and in dental fields. The clinical status of aerogel in the biomedical sector is shown to be similarly far from adequate. Moreover, due to their remarkable properties, aerogels are found to be preferably used as tissue scaffolds and drug delivery systems. The advanced studies in areas including self-healing, additive manufacturing (AM) technology, toxicity, and fluorescent-based aerogel are crucially important and are further addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noremylia Mohd Bakhori
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Zarini Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Zaki Hassan
- Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozzeta Dolah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ferreira-Gonçalves T, Iglesias-Mejuto A, Linhares T, Coelho JMP, Vieira P, Faísca P, Catarino J, Pinto P, Ferreira D, Ferreira HA, Gaspar MM, Durães L, García-González CA, Reis CP. Biological Thermal Performance of Organic and Inorganic Aerogels as Patches for Photothermal Therapy. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080485. [PMID: 36005086 PMCID: PMC9407269 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerogels are materials with unique properties, among which are low density and thermal conductivity. They are also known for their exquisite biocompatibility and biodegradability. All these features make them attractive for biomedical applications, such as their potential use in photothermal therapy (PTT). This technique is, yet, still associated with undesirable effects on surrounding tissues which emphasizes the need to minimize the exposure of healthy regions. One way to do so relies on the use of materials able to block the radiation and the heat generated. Aerogels might be potentially useful for this purpose by acting as insulators. Silica- and pectin-based aerogels are reported as the best inorganic and organic thermal insulators, respectively; thus, the aim of this work relies on assessing the possibility of using these materials as light and thermal insulators and delimiters for PTT. Silica- and pectin-based aerogels were prepared and fully characterized. The thermal protection efficacy of the aerogels when irradiated with a near-infrared laser was assessed using phantoms and ex vivo grafts. Lastly, safety was assessed in human volunteers. Both types presented good textural properties and safe profiles. Moreover, thermal activation unveils the better performance of silica-based aerogels, confirming the potential of this material for PTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Ferreira-Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-G.); (P.P.); (M.M.G.)
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.P.C.); (H.A.F.)
| | - Ana Iglesias-Mejuto
- I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.-M.); (C.A.G.-G.)
| | - Teresa Linhares
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.L.); (L.D.)
- 2C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João M. P. Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.P.C.); (H.A.F.)
| | - Pedro Vieira
- Physics Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology (Campus de Caparica), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Faísca
- CBIOS-Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - José Catarino
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-G.); (P.P.); (M.M.G.)
| | - David Ferreira
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal;
| | - Hugo A. Ferreira
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.P.C.); (H.A.F.)
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-G.); (P.P.); (M.M.G.)
| | - Luísa Durães
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (T.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Carlos A. García-González
- I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.I.-M.); (C.A.G.-G.)
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.F.-G.); (P.P.); (M.M.G.)
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.P.C.); (H.A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-217-946-429 (ext. 14244); Fax: +351-217-946-470
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Ferreira-Gonçalves T, Constantin C, Neagu M, Reis CP, Sabri F, Simón-Vázquez R. Safety and efficacy assessment of aerogels for biomedical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112356. [PMID: 34710839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties of aerogels have made them an attractive class of materials for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, regenerative medicine, and wound healing. Their low density, high porosity, and ability to regulate the pore structure makes aerogels ideal nano/micro-structures for loading of drugs and active biomolecules. As a result of this, the number of in vitro and in vivo studies on the therapeutic efficacy of these porous materials has increased substantially in recent years and continues to be an area of great interest. However, data about their in vivo performance and safety is limited. Studies have shown that polymer-based, silica-based and some hybrid aerogels are generally regarded as safe but given that studies on the acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity for the majority of aerogel types is missing, more work is still needed. This review presents a comprehensive summary of different biomedical applications of aerogels proposed to date as well as new and innovative applications of aerogels in other areas such as decontamination. We have also reviewed their biological effect on cells and living organisms with a focus on therapeutic efficacy and overall safety (in vivo and in vitro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Ferreira-Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania.
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest 050096, Romania; Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest 020125, Romania.
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines, iMed.ULisboa - Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, IBEB, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Firouzeh Sabri
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Memphis, Memphis 38152, TN, United States.
| | - Rosana Simón-Vázquez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Spain.
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Atya AMN, Tevlek A, Almemar M, Gökcen D, Aydin HM. Fabrication and characterization of carbon aerogel/poly(glycerol-sebacate) patches for cardiac tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34619670 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac2dd3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for the major number of deaths around the world. Among these is heart failure after myocardial infarction whose latest therapeutic methods are limited to slowing the end-state progression. Numerous strategies have been developed to meet the increased demand for therapies regarding CVDs. This study aimed to establish a novel electrically conductive elastomer-based composite and assess its potential as a cardiac patch for myocardial tissue engineering. The electrically conductive carbon aerogels (CAs) used in this study were derived from waste paper as a cost-effective carbon source and they were combined with the biodegradable poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS) elastomer to obtain an electrically conductive cardiac patch material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report about the conductive composites obtained by the incorporation of CAs into PGS (CA-PGS). In this context, the incorporation of the CAs into the polymeric matrix significantly improved the elastic modulus (from 0.912 MPa for the pure PGS elastomer to 0.366 MPa for the CA-PGS) and the deformability (from 0.792 MPa for the pure PGS to 0.566 MPa for CA-PGS). Overall, the mechanical properties of the obtained structures were observed similar to the native myocardium. Furthermore, the addition of CAs made the obtained structures electrically conductive with a conductivity value of 65 × 10-3S m-1which falls within the range previously recorded for human myocardium. Thein vitrocytotoxicity assay with L929 murine fibroblast cells revealed that the CA-PGS composite did not have cytotoxic characteristics. On the other hand, the studies conducted with H9C2 rat cardiac myoblasts revealed that final structures were suitable for MTE applications according to the successes in cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraheem M N Atya
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atakan Tevlek
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhannad Almemar
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dincer Gökcen
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Centre for Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Bibi A, Rubio YRM, Santiago KS, Jia HW, Ahmed MMM, Lin YF, Yeh JM. H 2S-Sensing Studies Using Interdigitated Electrode with Spin-Coated Carbon Aerogel-Polyaniline Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091457. [PMID: 33946296 PMCID: PMC8124192 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, carbon aerogel (CA)-polyaniline (PANI) composites were prepared and first applied in the study of H2S gas sensing. Here, 1 and 3 wt% of as-obtained CA powder were blended with PANI to produce composites, which are denoted by PANI-CA-1 and PANI-CA-3, respectively. For the H2S gas-sensing studies, the interdigitated electrode (IDE) was spin-coated by performing PANI and PANI-CA composite dispersion. The H2S gas-sensing properties were studied in terms of the sensor's sensitivity, selectivity and repeatability. IDE coated with PANI-CA composites, as compared with pristine PANI, achieved higher sensor sensitivity, higher selectivity and good repeatability. Moreover, composites that contain higher loading of CA (e.g., 3 wt%) perform better than composites with lower loading of CA. At 1 ppm, PANI-CA-3 displayed increased sensitivity of 452% at relative humidity of 60% with a fast average response time of 1 s compared to PANI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamna Bibi
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University (CYCU), Chung Li District, Tao-Yuan City 32023, Taiwan; (A.B.); (Y.R.M.R.); (H.-W.J.); (M.M.M.A.)
| | - Yuola Rose M. Rubio
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University (CYCU), Chung Li District, Tao-Yuan City 32023, Taiwan; (A.B.); (Y.R.M.R.); (H.-W.J.); (M.M.M.A.)
| | - Karen S. Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - His-Wei Jia
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University (CYCU), Chung Li District, Tao-Yuan City 32023, Taiwan; (A.B.); (Y.R.M.R.); (H.-W.J.); (M.M.M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud M. M. Ahmed
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University (CYCU), Chung Li District, Tao-Yuan City 32023, Taiwan; (A.B.); (Y.R.M.R.); (H.-W.J.); (M.M.M.A.)
| | - Yi-Feng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU, Chung Li District, Tao-Yuan City 32023, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.L.); (J.-M.Y.); Tel.: +886-3-2654146 (Y.-F.L.); +886-3-2653340 (J.-M.Y.)
| | - Jui-Ming Yeh
- Center for Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University (CYCU), Chung Li District, Tao-Yuan City 32023, Taiwan; (A.B.); (Y.R.M.R.); (H.-W.J.); (M.M.M.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-F.L.); (J.-M.Y.); Tel.: +886-3-2654146 (Y.-F.L.); +886-3-2653340 (J.-M.Y.)
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