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Chen W, Kim SY, Lee A, Kim YJ, Chang C, Ton-That H, Kim R, Kim S, Park NH. hTERT Peptide Fragment GV1001 Prevents the Development of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Induced Periodontal Disease and Systemic Disorders in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6126. [PMID: 38892314 PMCID: PMC11172542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
GV1001, an anticancer vaccine, exhibits other biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. It also suppresses the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a major human oral bacterium implicated in the development of periodontitis, is associated with various systemic disorders, such as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to explore the protective effects of GV1001 against Pg-induced periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, and AD-like conditions in Apolipoprotein (ApoE)-deficient mice. GV1001 effectively mitigated the development of Pg-induced periodontal disease, atherosclerosis, and AD-like conditions by counteracting Pg-induced local and systemic inflammation, partly by inhibiting the accumulation of Pg DNA aggregates, Pg lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and gingipains in the gingival tissue, arterial wall, and brain. GV1001 attenuated the development of atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation, lipid deposition in the arterial wall, endothelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EndMT), the expression of Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) from arterial smooth muscle cells, and the formation of foam cells in mice with Pg-induced periodontal disease. GV1001 also suppressed the accumulation of AD biomarkers in the brains of mice with periodontal disease. Overall, these findings suggest that GV1001 holds promise as a preventive agent in the development of atherosclerosis and AD-like conditions associated with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Sharon Y. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Alicia Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Yun-Jeong Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Section of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (H.T.-T.)
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Section of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (C.C.); (H.T.-T.)
| | - Reuben Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sangjae Kim
- Teloid Inc., 920 Westholme Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (W.C.); (S.Y.K.); (A.L.); (Y.-J.K.); (R.K.)
- Teloid Inc., 920 Westholme Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA;
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Chen J, Zhang X, Cross R, Ahn Y, Huskin G, Evans W, Hwang PT, Kim JA, Brott BC, Jo H, Yoon YS, Jun HW. Atherosclerotic three-layer nanomatrix vascular sheets for high-throughput therapeutic evaluation. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122450. [PMID: 38169190 PMCID: PMC10843643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In vitro atherosclerosis models are essential to evaluate therapeutics before in vivo and clinical studies, but significant limitations remain, such as the lack of three-layer vascular architecture and limited atherosclerotic features. Moreover, no scalable 3D atherosclerosis model is available for making high-throughput assays for therapeutic evaluation. Herein, we report an in vitro 3D three-layer nanomatrix vascular sheet with critical atherosclerosis multi-features (VSA), including endothelial dysfunction, monocyte recruitment, macrophages, extracellular matrix remodeling, smooth muscle cell phenotype transition, inflammatory cytokine secretion, foam cells, and calcification initiation. Notably, we present the creation of high-throughput functional assays with VSAs and the use of these assays for evaluating therapeutics for atherosclerosis treatment. The therapeutics include conventional drugs (statin and sirolimus), candidates for treating atherosclerosis (curcumin and colchicine), and potential gene therapy (miR-146a-loaded liposomes). The high efficiency and flexibility of the scalable VSA functional assays should facilitate drug discovery and development for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Endomimetics, LLC., Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robbie Cross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yujin Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gillian Huskin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Will Evans
- Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Jeong-A Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UAB Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brigitta C Brott
- Endomimetics, LLC., Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Sup Yoon
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Endomimetics, LLC., Birmingham, AL, USA.
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3
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Iwashita M. Association between Periodontal Disease and Arteriosclerosis-Related Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:1517-1524. [PMID: 37648470 PMCID: PMC10627774 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a major inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that can cause low-grade systemic inflammation, has been suggested to influence the development of comorbidities. Multiple systemic inflammatory mechanisms are common in the development of periodontal disease and atherosclerosis. Observational studies conducted worldwide have reported that periodontal disease may independently influence the progression of atherosclerotic disease. However, there is still insufficient evidence to demonstrate the causal relationship. This review describes the association between periodontal disease and arteriosclerosis-related diseases with the latest findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Iwashita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kim SY, Kim YJ, Kim S, Momeni M, Lee A, Treanor A, Kim S, Kim RH, Park NH. GV1001 Inhibits the Severity of the Ligature-Induced Periodontitis and the Vascular Lipid Deposition Associated with the Periodontitis in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12566. [PMID: 37628753 PMCID: PMC10454325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GV1001, a 16 amino acid peptide derived from the catalytic segment of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, was developed as an anti-cancer vaccine. Subsequently, it was found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-Alzheimer's disease properties. Periodontitis is a risk factor for a variety of systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis, a process in which chronic systemic and vascular inflammation results in the formation of plaques containing lipids, macrophages, foam cells, and tissue debris on the vascular intima. Thus, we investigated the effect of GV1001 on the severity of ligature-induced periodontitis, vascular inflammation, and arterial lipid deposition in mice. GV1001 notably reduced the severity of ligature-induced periodontitis by inhibiting gingival and systemic inflammation, alveolar bone loss, and vascular inflammation in wild-type mice. It also significantly lowered the amount of lipid deposition in the arterial wall in ApoE-deficient mice receiving ligature placement without changing the serum lipid profile. In vitro, we found that GV1001 inhibited the Receptor Activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced phenotypic changes in endothelial cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that GV1001 prevents the exacerbation of periodontitis and atherosclerosis associated with periodontitis partly by inhibiting local, systemic, and vascular inflammation and phenotypic changes of vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yun-Jeong Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Gwanak Dental Hospital, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyang Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mersedeh Momeni
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alicia Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexandra Treanor
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sangjae Kim
- Teloid Inc., 920 Westholme Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Reuben H. Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 714 Tiverton Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Lee DH, Yun DW, Kim YH, Im GB, Hyun J, Park HS, Bhang SH, Choi SH. Various Three-Dimensional Culture Methods and Cell Types for Exosome Production. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:621-635. [PMID: 37269439 PMCID: PMC10313642 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have been used as promising treatments for several untreatable diseases. However, cell-based therapies have side effects such as tumorigenesis and immune responses. To overcome these side effects, therapeutic effects of exosomes have been researched as replacements for cell-based therapies. In addition, exosomes reduced the risk that can be induced by cell-based therapies. Exosomes contain biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that play an essential role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions during biological processes. Since the introduction of exosomes, those have been proven perpetually as one of the most effective and therapeutic methods for incurable diseases. Much research has been conducted to enhance the properties of exosomes, including immune regulation, tissue repair, and regeneration. However, yield rate of exosomes is the critical obstacle that should be overcome for practical cell-free therapy. Three-dimensional (3D) culture methods are introduced as a breakthrough to get higher production yields of exosomes. For example, hanging drop and microwell were well known 3D culture methods and easy to use without invasiveness. However, these methods have limitation in mass production of exosomes. Therefore, a scaffold, spinner flask, and fiber bioreactor were introduced for mass production of exosomes isolated from various cell types. Furthermore, exosomes treatments derived from 3D cultured cells showed enhanced cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and immunosuppressive properties. This review provides therapeutic applications of exosomes using 3D culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Yun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hwan Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Bum Im
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Su Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Bhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Hyoun Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Fan T, Guo K, Cao F, Deng Z, Liu B, Shi M, Liu Y, Ma Z. Study on the effect of periodontitis on renal tissue in atherosclerotic mice. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:655-667. [PMID: 37051685 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is immune inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis (AS) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two common systemic diseases. Periodontitis promotes AS and CKD, and CKD interacts with AS. The objective of this animal study was to evaluate the changes of kidney when periodontitis and atherosclerosis exist separately and the degenerative effects of periodontitis on the kidney in atherosclerotic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 male Apoe-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups: control (NC), periodontitis (PD), AS and AS with PD (AS + PD). AS was induced by high-fat diet feeding, and PD was induced by injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis-Lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) (endotoxin suspension) into the buccal side of mouse maxillary molars. The right maxilla of mice was scanned with micro-CT to evaluate alveolar bone loss; aortic tissue was stained with HE and Oil-Red O to evaluate arterial plaque formation; serum was collected to detect the changes of blood lipids and serum renal function parameters (blood urea nitrogen [BUN], serum creatinine [Scr]); renal histopathological changes were evaluated by HE staining (glomerular and tubular damage scores), PAS staining (glomerular Mesangial matrix index) and Masson staining (percentage of renal fibrosis area); qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to evaluate the expression of renal inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-1β, neutrophil surface marker Ly6G). RESULTS The amount of alveolar bone loss: PD group was significantly higher than NC group (p < .05); AS + PD group was higher than PD group, the difference was not statistically significant. Atherosclerotic plaque formation and serum lipid changes: AS group were significantly worse than NC group (p < .05), and AS + PD group were worse than AS group. The results of the corresponding qualitative and quantitative analyses of kidney tissue in experimental animals gradually deteriorated in the NC group, PD group, AS group and AS + PD group and worsened sequentially. Renal function parameters: the content of BUN in AS group was higher than that in PD group, the difference was not statistically significant; Scr in AS group was significantly higher than that in PD group (p < .05); the contents of BUN and Scr in AS + PD group were higher than those in AS group, the difference was not statistically significant. Glomerular and tubular damage scores: AS group were higher than PD group, the difference was not statistically significant; AS + PD group were significantly higher than AS group (p < .001). The ratio of glomerular mesangial matrix to glomerular area and the percentage of renal fibrosis area: AS group were significantly higher than PD group (p < .001), and AS + PD group were significantly higher than AS group (p < .001). Expression of inflammatory cytokines: AS group was higher than PD group, the difference was not statistically significant; AS + PD group was significantly higher than AS group (p < .05). CONCLUSION Both PD and AS can aggravate the inflammatory stress of kidney tissue and cause the damage of kidney tissue, and the inflammatory increase and damage effect of AS is stronger; PD can promote kidney damage of atherosclerotic mice by aggravating the renal inflammation in atherosclerotic mice; renal function parameters were not completely synchronized with the changes of renal inflammation and histopathology in each group of mice; PD can promote AS, periodontal inflammation in mice with AS is more severe, and the special changes of blood lipids in mice with AS are closely related to the above results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Fan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kaili Guo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengdi Cao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuohang Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingyue Shi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ma Q, Wu S, Yang L, Wei Y, He C, Wang W, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Yang S, Shi D, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Sun J, Zhou Y. Hyaluronic Acid-Guided Cerasome Nano-Agents for Simultaneous Imaging and Treatment of Advanced Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2202416. [PMID: 36529695 PMCID: PMC9929131 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Early noninvasive screening and regression therapy for vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques remain challenging. In this study, it is aimed to develop a new approach for the active targeting of atherosclerotic plaques with nano-agents to aid imaging and treatment. Biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA)-guided cerasomes are generated to selectively target CD44-positive cells within the plaque in in vitro studies and in vivo testing in Apoe-/- mice. Rosuvastatin (RST) is encapsulated in the HA-guided cerasome nano-formulation to produce HA-CC-RST, which results in significant plaque regression as compared to treatment with the free drug. Moreover, gadodiamide-loaded HA-CC enhances magnetic resonance images of vulnerable plaques, thereby attaining the goal of improved simultaneous treatment and imaging. Transcriptomic analysis confirms plaque regression with HA-CC-RST treatment, which potentially benefits from the anti-inflammatory effect of RST. In summary, a safe and efficient nano-formulation for the targeted delivery of active agents to atherosclerotic plaques is developed and may be applicable to other diagnostic and therapeutic agents for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing Inno Medicine Co. Ltd.Beijing100195P. R. China
| | - Sijing Wu
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Beijing Inno Medicine Co. Ltd.Beijing100195P. R. China
| | - Yaohua Wei
- Beijing Inno Medicine Co. Ltd.Beijing100195P. R. China
| | - Chaoyong He
- Beijing Inno Medicine Co. Ltd.Beijing100195P. R. China
| | - Wenshan Wang
- Beijing Inno Medicine Co. Ltd.Beijing100195P. R. China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Yang
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Zhou
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing100029P. R. China
| | - Jiefang Sun
- Beijing Inno Medicine Co. Ltd.Beijing100195P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- Department of CardiologyBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University100029BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic DiseaseClinical Center for Coronary Heart DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100029P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen HospitalBeijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel DiseaseBeijing100029P. R. China
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8
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Kim S, Bando Y, Chang C, Kwon J, Tarverti B, Kim D, Lee SH, Ton-That H, Kim R, Nara PL, Park NH. Topical application of Porphyromonas gingivalis into the gingival pocket in mice leads to chronic‑active infection, periodontitis and systemic inflammation. Int J Mol Med 2022; 50:103. [PMID: 35703359 PMCID: PMC9242655 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), one of the 'red-complex' perio-pathogens known to play a critical role in the development of periodontitis, has been used in various animal models to mimic human bacteria-induced periodontitis. In order to achieve a more realistic animal model of human Pg infection, the present study investigated whether repeated small-volume topical applications of Pg directly into the gingival pocket can induce local infection, including periodontitis and systemic vascular inflammation in wild-type mice. Freshly cultured Pg was topically applied directly into the gingival pocket of the second molars for 5 weeks (3 times/week). After the final application, the mice were left in cages for 4 or 8 weeks and sacrificed. The status of Pg colony formation in the pocket, gingival inflammation, alveolar bone loss, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum and aorta, the presence of anti-Pg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gingipain (Kpg and RgpB) antibodies in the serum, as well as the accumulation of Pg LPS and gingipain aggregates in the gingiva and arterial wall were evaluated. The topical application of Pg into the gingival pocket induced the following local and systemic pathohistological changes in mice when examined at 4 or 8 weeks after the final topical Pg application: Pg colonization in the majority of gingival pockets; increased gingival pocket depths; gingival inflammation indicated by the increased expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β; significant loss of alveolar bone at the sites of topical Pg application; and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17, IL-13, KC and IFN-γ in the serum in comparison to those from mice receiving PBS. In addition, the Pg application/colonization model induced anti-Pg LPS and gingipain antibodies in serum, as well as the accumulation of Pg LPS and gingipain aggregates in the gingivae and arterial walls. To the best of our knowledge, this mouse model represents the first example of creating a more sustained local infection in the gingival tissues of wild-type mice and may prove to be useful for the investigation of the more natural and complete pathogenesis of the bacteria in the development of local oral and systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis. It may also be useful for the determination of a treatment/prevention/efficacy model associated with Pg-induced colonization periodontitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Bando
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chungyu Chang
- Section of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeonga Kwon
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Berta Tarverti
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Doohyun Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sung Hee Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hung Ton-That
- Section of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter L Nara
- Keystone Bio Incorporated, Suite 200, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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9
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Suh J, Kim S, Lee S, Kim R, Park NH. Hyperlipidemia is necessary for the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by severe periodontitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:273. [PMID: 35795972 PMCID: PMC9309540 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk of atherosclerosis; however, systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis are also known risks for the development of atherosclerosis. Periodontitis, a local and systemic inflammatory condition, has also been reported as a risk for atherosclerosis, but the specific link between periodontitis and atherosclerosis remains somewhat controversial. We previously reported that ligature-induced periodontitis exacerbates atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. To understand whether hyperlipidemia is necessary for the development and exacerbation of atherosclerosis associated with periodontitis, the present study created ligature-induced periodontitis in both wild-type (WT) and ApoE−/− mice. Subsequently, the status of local, systemic and vascular inflammation, serum lipid contents and arterial lipid deposition were examined with histological analysis, µCT, en face analysis, serum lipid and cytokine measurements, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Ligature placement induced severe periodontitis in both WT and ApoE−/− mice at the local level as demonstrated by gingival inflammation, alveolar bone loss, increased osteoclastic activities and inflammation in alveolar bone. Systemic inflammation was also induced by ligature placement in both WT and ApoE−/− mice, albeit more so in ApoE−/− mice. The serum cholesterol levels were not altered by the ligature in both WT and ApoE−/− mice. However, the vascular inflammation and arterial lipid deposition were induced by ligature-induced periodontitis only in ApoE−/− mice, but not in WT mice. The present study indicated that the coupling of systemic inflammation and hyperlipidemia was necessary for the development and exacerbation of atherosclerosis induced by ligature-induced periodontitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suh
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sharon Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sung Lee
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - No-Hee Park
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Abstract
Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors used worldwide to manage dyslipidaemia and thus limit the development of atherosclerotic disease and its complications. These atheroprotective drugs are now known to exert pleiotropic actions outside of their cholesterol-lowering activity, including altering immune cell function. Macrophages are phagocytic leukocytes that play critical functional roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are directly targeted by statins. Early studies documented the anti-inflammatory effects of statins on macrophages, but emerging evidence suggests that these drugs can also enhance pro-inflammatory macrophage responses, creating an unresolved paradox. This review comprehensively examines the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical literature to document the statin-induced changes in macrophage polarization and immunomodulatory functions, explore the underlying mechanisms involved, and offer potential explanations for this paradox. A better understanding of the immunomodulatory actions of statins on macrophages should pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to manage atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases and conditions characterised by unresolved inflammation.
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11
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Fu H, Kuang S, He F, Zhang M, Shen Z, Qin W, Lin Z, Huang S. Exosomes derived from 3D-cultured MSCs improve therapeutic effects in periodontitis and experimental colitis and restore the Th17 cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontium. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:43. [PMID: 34907166 PMCID: PMC8671433 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) have been shown to have therapeutic effects in experimental periodontitis, their drawbacks, such as low yield and limited efficacy, have hampered their clinical application. These drawbacks can be largely reduced by replacing the traditional 2D culture system with a 3D system. However, the potential function of MSC-exos produced by 3D culture (3D-exos) in periodontitis remains elusive. This study showed that compared with MSC-exos generated via 2D culture (2D-exos), 3D-exos showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects in a ligature-induced model of periodontitis by restoring the reactive T helper 17 (Th17) cell/Treg balance in inflamed periodontal tissues. Mechanistically, 3D-exos exhibited greater enrichment of miR-1246, which can suppress the expression of Nfat5, a key factor that mediates Th17 cell polarization in a sequence-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found that recovery of the Th17 cell/Treg balance in the inflamed periodontium by the local injection of 3D-exos attenuated experimental colitis. Our study not only showed that by restoring the Th17 cell/Treg balance through the miR-1246/Nfat5 axis, the 3D culture system improved the function of MSC-exos in the treatment of periodontitis, but also it provided a basis for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by restoring immune responses in the inflamed periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijun Fu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhong Kuang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng He
- Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongshan Shen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengmei Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shuheng Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Higher Risk of Gastric Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Periodontitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111678. [PMID: 34770192 PMCID: PMC8583388 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory oral disease that is characterized by tooth loss and is commonly associated with several systemic inflammatory diseases. Some epidemiological studies suggest that those suffering from periodontitis might be at a greater risk of developing gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection; however, evidence that showing the association between periodontitis and the risk of gastric Hp infection is less clear. We conducted a large-scale, population-based study in Taiwan with a 13-year follow-up period to evaluate the risk of gastric Hp in a periodontitis patient cohort. To conduct this study, we used epidemiological data from the Taiwanese Longitudinal National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) from 2000 to 2013. We selected 134,474 participants (64,868 males and 69,606 females with a minimum age of 20 years), with and without periodontitis, and matched patient cohort groups for age, sex, index year, and co-morbidities. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine the risk of gastric Hp infection in patients with periodontitis. Patients with periodontitis exhibited a higher risk of developing gastric Hp infection compared to those individuals/groups without periodontitis (1.35 vs. 0.87 per 1000 person-years, adjusted the hazards ratio (aHR 1.52), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.38–1.67, p < 0.001). The risk of gastric Hp infection persisted even after stratifying by age (aHR = 1.96 (1.79–2.13) for 50–64 years and 1.70 (1.49–1.94) for ≥65 years), gender (aHR = 1.20 (1.11–1.29) for men), and presence of comorbidities of hypertension (aHR = 1.24 (1.11–1.38)), hyperlipidemia (aHR = 1.28 (1.14–1.42)), COPD (aHR = 1.45 (1.31–1.61)), CLD (aHR = 1.62 (1.47–1.77)) and CKD (aHR = 1.44 (1.04–1.99)). Overall, our findings showed that periodontitis patients have a greater risk for gastric Hp than individuals without periodontitis. Clinicians should perform regular good oral hygiene practices, along with newer treatments, for patients with periodontitis, especially those at higher risk of gastric Hp infection.
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Celik D, Kantarci A. Vascular Changes and Hypoxia in Periodontal Disease as a Link to Systemic Complications. Pathogens 2021; 10:1280. [PMID: 34684229 PMCID: PMC8541389 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic microenvironment caused by oral pathogens is the most important cause of the disruption of dynamic hemostasis between the oral microbiome and the immune system. Periodontal infection exacerbates the inflammatory response with increased hypoxia and causes vascular changes. The chronicity of inflammation becomes systemic as a link between oral and systemic diseases. The vascular network plays a central role in controlling infection and regulating the immune response. In this review, we focus on the local and systemic vascular network change mechanisms of periodontal inflammation and the pathological processes of inflammatory diseases. Understanding how the vascular network influences the pathology of periodontal diseases and the systemic complication associated with this pathology is essential for the discovery of both local and systemic proactive control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Celik
- Immunology Division, Health Sciences Institute, Trakya University, Edirne 22100, Turkey;
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02142, USA
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14
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Lin P, Niimi H, Ohsugi Y, Tsuchiya Y, Shimohira T, Komatsu K, Liu A, Shiba T, Aoki A, Iwata T, Katagiri S. Application of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Mice to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168900. [PMID: 34445604 PMCID: PMC8396362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the periodontium. In the last decade, a new murine model of periodontitis has been widely used to simulate alveolar bone resorption and periodontal soft tissue destruction by ligation. Typically, 3-0 to 9-0 silks are selected for ligation around the molars in mice, and significant bone loss and inflammatory infiltration are observed within a week. The ligature-maintained period can vary according to specific aims. We reviewed the findings on the interaction of systemic diseases with periodontitis, periodontal tissue destruction, the immunological and bacteriological responses, and new treatments. In these studies, the activation of osteoclasts, upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, and excessive immune response have been considered as major factors in periodontal disruption. Multiple genes identified in periodontal tissues partly reflect the complexity of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The effects of novel treatment methods on periodontitis have also been evaluated in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. This model cannot completely represent all aspects of periodontitis in humans but is considered an effective method for the exploration of its mechanisms. Through this review, we aimed to provide evidence and enlightenment for future studies planning to use this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
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15
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Ha HS, Kim TY, Han SJ, Sung HJ, Seo KY, Ha JW. Anti-atherosclerotic vaccination against Porphyromonas gingivalis as a potential comparator of statin in mice. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11293. [PMID: 33976982 PMCID: PMC8063868 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is an oral anaerobe which damages teeth and periodontal tissues. Its body infection is known to cause chronic inflammation, thereby inducing an early stage of atherosclerosis through humoral immune actions. Hence, vaccination by immunizing the proteins of P. gingivalis (Pg) post sonication with heating may prevent atherosclerosis. This study aimed to compare the effect of its vaccination with statin, which effectively prevents atherosclerosis by lowering lipids. Methods The vaccine was produced by sonicating P. gingivalis through heating, and a total of 32 male APOE-/-mice (8-week old) were subjected Western diet for 8 weeks, in order to induce atherosclerosis in a physiological manner. Then, the mice were grouped to undergo four treatment conditions (i.e., no treatment, pitavastatin, vaccine, or pitavastatin with vaccine). Vaccination was conducted through nasal immunization and confirmed by a Pg-specific humoral immune reaction. Then, half of the mice in each group were orally injected with P. gingivalis for the next 5 weeks while the other half remained uninfected, generating a total of eight groups (n = 4/group). The mice were sacrificed at 3 weeks after the last injection. After harvesting the aorta, Oil Red O staining of en face was conducted with imaging and image analysis, and plaque formation was quantitatively determined. Results Compared to no treatment, the vaccination through nasal immunization significantly reduced the atherosclerotic plaque sizes in APOE -/- mice under Western diet to the comparable level of statin group. When both vaccine and statin were used, no clear synergistic effect was observed as opposed to expectation. Conclusions This study revealed that nasal immunization of heat shock P. gingivalis has a significant impact on the prevention of arteriosclerosis and acts as a potential comparator of statin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Ha
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Han
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Ha
- Cardiology Division, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Zhang Y, Kuang W, Li D, Li Y, Feng Y, Lyu X, Huang GB, Lian JQ, Yang XF, Hu C, Xie Y, Xue S, Tan J. Natural Killer-Like B Cells Secreting Interleukin-18 Induces a Proinflammatory Response in Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641562. [PMID: 33679805 PMCID: PMC7930384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer-like B (NKB) cells, which are newly identified immune subsets, reveal a critical immunoregulatory property in the eradication of microbial infection via the secretion of interleukin (IL)-18. For the first time, this study investigated the role of NKB cells in secreting IL-18 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. In this study, NKB cells' percentage and IL-18 concentration in peripheral blood and periodontium in periodontitis patients was measured using flow cytometry and ELISA. The role of IL-18 in regulating periodontal inflammation was examined in a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)-induced periodontitis murine model. Peripheral and periodontal-infiltrating CD3-CD19+NKp46+ NKB cells, which were the main source of IL-18, were elevated and correlated with attachment loss in periodontitis patients. In vitro IL-18 stimulation promoted proinflammatory cytokine production in periodontal ligament cells. P. gingivalis infection induced elevation of IL-18 receptor in periodontium in a periodontitis murine model. IL-18 neutralization not only suppressed P. gingivalis-induced alveolar bone resorption, but also inhibited recruitment of antigen-non-specific inflammatory cells into the periodontium, probably via dampening expressions of cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases. NKB cells secreting IL-18 appeared to be an important mediator in the inflammatory response following intraoral P. gingivalis infection. These findings might be relevant to the development of immunotherapies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Kuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Lyu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Bo Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Qi Lian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiali Tan
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Non-surgical periodontal treatment improves rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: a meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4975-4985. [PMID: 33515120 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the meta-analysis was to clarify the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) in improving rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to October 2020. A total of nine studies were included for the comparison of RA-related indicator changes between the NSPT group and no treatment (NT) group. Mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for disease activity score (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), tender joint counts (TJC), swollen joint counts (SJC), visual analogical scale (VAS), morning stiffness (MS), rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). RESULTS NSPT induced significant reductions of DAS28 (MD: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.85, P < 0.001), TJC (MD: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.93, P < 0.001), SJC (MD: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.17, P = 0.008), VAS (MD: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.88, P = 0.02), and CRP (MD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.64, P = 0.01) in RA patients with periodontitis. Other parameters showed a trend toward reduction, but results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that NSPT could improve RA activity as assessed by DAS28, TJC, SJC, VAS, and CRP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results emphasize the effectiveness and need for periodontal diagnosis and periodontal therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients to reduce disease activity.
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18
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Sun KT, Shen TC, Chen SC, Chang CL, Li CH, Li X, Palanisamy K, Hsia NY, Chang WS, Tsai CW, Bau DT, Li CY. Periodontitis and the subsequent risk of glaucoma: results from the real-world practice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17568. [PMID: 33067540 PMCID: PMC7568564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that can cause tooth loss and contribute to systemic inflammation. It is suggested that periodontitis may be associated with the development of glaucoma. Based on data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the risk of developing glaucoma in patients with periodontitis. The periodontitis cohort consisted of newly diagnosed adult patients (n = 194,090, minimum age = 20 years) between 2000 and 2012. The comparison group included age-, gender-, and diagnosis date-matched people without periodontitis (n = 194,090, minimum age = 20 years). Incident glaucoma was monitored until the end of 2013. Hazard ratios (HRs) with confidence intervals (CIs) were established based on the Cox proportional hazard models. The risk of developing glaucoma was higher in patients with periodontitis than those without periodontitis (31.2 vs. 23.3 patients per 10,000 person-years, with an adjusted HR of 1.26 [95% CI 1.21–1.32]). A high risk was evident even after stratifying by age (adjusted HRs = 1.34 [1.26–1.44] for ages 20–49, 1.24 [1.13–1.36] for ages ≥ 65, and 1.20 [1.12–1.29] for ages 50–64 years), sex (adjusted HRs = 1.33 [1.24–1.41] and 1.21 [1.14–1.28] for men and women, respectively), presence of comorbidity (adjusted HRs = 1.38 [1.29–1.47] and 1.18 [1.12–1.25] for without and with comorbidity, respectively), and corticosteroid use (adjusted HRs = 1.27 [1.21–1.33] and 1.21 [1.08–1.35] for without and with corticosteroid use, respectively). Specifically, patients with periodontitis exhibited a significantly high risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (adjusted HR = 1.31 [1.21–1.32]) but not for primary closed-angle glaucoma (adjusted HR = 1.05 [0.94–1.17]). People with periodontitis are at a greater risk of glaucoma than individuals without periodontitis. Ocular health should be emphasized for such patients, and the underlying mechanisms need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ting Sun
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chun Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chueh Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xin Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kalaiselvi Palanisamy
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Yi Hsia
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shin Chang
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Da-Tian Bau
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Furutama D, Matsuda S, Yamawaki Y, Hatano S, Okanobu A, Memida T, Oue H, Fujita T, Ouhara K, Kajiya M, Mizuno N, Kanematsu T, Tsuga K, Kurihara H. IL-6 Induced by Periodontal Inflammation Causes Neuroinflammation and Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100679. [PMID: 32992470 PMCID: PMC7599694 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease (PD) is a risk factor for systemic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. The role of the local and systemic inflammation induced by PD in neuroinflammation currently remains unclear. The present study investigated the involvement of periodontal inflammation in neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Methods: To induce PD in mice (c57/BL6), a ligature was placed around the second maxillary molar. Periodontal, systemic, and neuroinflammation were assessed based on the inflammatory cytokine mRNA or protein levels using qPCR and ELISA. The BBB permeability was evaluated by the mRNA levels and protein levels of tight junction-related proteins in the hippocampus using qPCR and immunofluorescence. Dextran tracing in the hippocampus was also conducted to examine the role of periodontal inflammation in BBB disruption. Results: The TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels markedly increased in gingival tissue 1 week after ligation. The IL-6 serum levels were also increased by ligature-induced PD. In the hippocampus, the IL-1β mRNA expression levels were significantly increased by ligature-induced PD through serum IL-6. The ligature-induced PD decreased the claudin 5 expression levels in the hippocampus, and the neutralization of IL-6 restored its levels. The extravascular 3-kDa dextran levels were increased by ligature-induced PD. Conclusions: These results suggest that the periodontal inflammation-induced expression of IL-6 is related to neuroinflammation and BBB disruption in the hippocampus, ultimately leading to cognitive impairment. Periodontal therapy may protect against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Furutama
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Shinji Matsuda
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-082-257-5663
| | - Yosuke Yamawaki
- Department of Advanced Pharmacology, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan;
| | - Saki Hatano
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Ai Okanobu
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Takumi Memida
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Oue
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (H.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Fujita
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Kazuhisa Ouhara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Mikihito Kajiya
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Noriyoshi Mizuno
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Takashi Kanematsu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Pharmacology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuga
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (H.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Hidemi Kurihara
- Department of Periodontal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; (D.F.); (S.H.); (A.O.); (T.M.); (T.F.); (K.O.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (H.K.)
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