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Anima B, Gurusubramanian G, Roy VK. Apelin receptor modulation mitigates letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian pathogenesis in mice. Cytokine 2024; 179:156639. [PMID: 38733946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common (about 5-20%) reproductive disorders in women of reproductive age; it is characterized by polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, and oligo/ anovulation. The levels and expression of ovarian adipokines are deregulated in the PCOS. Apelin is an adipokine that acts through its receptor (APJ) and is known to express in the various tissues including the ovary. It has also been suggested that apelin and APJ could be targeted as therapeutic adjuncts for the management of PCOS. However, no study has been conducted on the management of PCOS by targeting the apelin system. Thus, we aimed to evaluate its impact on combating PCOS-associated ovarian pathogenesis. METHODS The current work employed a letrozole-induced-hyperandrogenism PCOS-like mice model to investigate the effects of apelin13 and APJ, antagonist ML221. The PCOS model was induced by oral administration of letrozole (1 mg/kg) for 21 days. A total of four experimental groups were made, control, PCOS control, PCOS + aplein13, and PCOS + ML221. The treatment of apelin13 and ML221 was given from day 22 for two weeks. KEY FINDINGS The letrozole-induced PCOS-like features such as hyperandrogenism, cystic follicle, decreased corpus luteum, elevated levels of LH/FSH ratio, and up-regulation of ovarian AR expression were ameliorated by apelin13 and ML221 treatment. However, the PCOS-augmented oxidative stress and apoptosis were suppressed by apelin 13 treatments only. ML221 treatment still showed elevated oxidative stress and stimulated apoptosis as reflected by decreased antioxidant enzymes and increased active caspase3 and Bax expression. The expression of ERs was elevated in all groups except control. Furthermore, the PCOS model showed elevated expression of APJ and apelin13 treatment down-regulated its own receptor. Overall, observing the ovarian histology, corpus luteum formation, and decreased androgen levels by both apelin13 and ML221 showed ameliorative effects on the cystic ovary. SIGNIFICANCE Despite the similar morphological observation of ovarian histology, apelin13 and ML221 exhibited opposite effects on oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, apelin13 (which down-regulates APJ) and ML221 (an APJ antagonist) may have suppressed APJ signalling, which would account for our findings on the mitigation of polycystic ovarian syndrome. In conclusion, both apelin13 and ML221 mediated mitigation have different mechanisms, which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borgohain Anima
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, Mizoram, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl-796004, Mizoram, India.
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2
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Huang R, Kratka CE, Pea J, McCann C, Nelson J, Bryan JP, Zhou LT, Russo DD, Zaniker EJ, Gandhi AH, Shalek AK, Cleary B, Farhi SL, Duncan FE, Goods BA. Single-cell and spatiotemporal profile of ovulation in the mouse ovary. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594719. [PMID: 38826447 PMCID: PMC11142086 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Ovulation is a spatiotemporally coordinated process that involves several tightly controlled events, including oocyte meiotic maturation, cumulus expansion, follicle wall rupture and repair, and ovarian stroma remodeling. To date, no studies have detailed the precise window of ovulation at single-cell resolution. Here, we performed parallel single-cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics on paired mouse ovaries across an ovulation time course to map the spatiotemporal profile of ovarian cell types. We show that major ovarian cell types exhibit time-dependent transcriptional states enriched for distinct functions and have specific localization profiles within the ovary. We also identified gene markers for ovulation-dependent cell states and validated these using orthogonal methods. Finally, we performed cell-cell interaction analyses to identify ligand-receptor pairs that may drive ovulation, revealing previously unappreciated interactions. Taken together, our data provides a rich and comprehensive resource of murine ovulation that can be mined for discovery by the scientific community.
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3
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Zaniker EJ, Babayev E, Duncan FE. Common mechanisms of physiological and pathological rupture events in biology: novel insights into mammalian ovulation and beyond. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1648-1667. [PMID: 37157877 PMCID: PMC10524764 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ovulation is a cyclical biological rupture event fundamental to fertilisation and endocrine function. During this process, the somatic support cells that surround the germ cell undergo a remodelling process that culminates in breakdown of the follicle wall and release of a mature egg. Ovulation is driven by known proteolytic and inflammatory pathways as well as structural alterations to the follicle vasculature and the fluid-filled antral cavity. Ovulation is one of several types of systematic remodelling that occur in the human body that can be described as rupture. Although ovulation is a physiological form of rupture, other types of rupture occur in the human body which can be pathological, physiological, or both. In this review, we use intracranial aneurysms and chorioamniotic membrane rupture as examples of rupture events that are pathological or both pathological and physiological, respectively, and compare these to the rupture process central to ovulation. Specifically, we compared existing transcriptomic profiles, immune cell functions, vascular modifications, and biomechanical forces to identify common processes that are conserved between rupture events. In our transcriptomic analysis, we found 12 differentially expressed genes in common among two different ovulation data sets and one intracranial aneurysm data set. We also found three genes that were differentially expressed in common for both ovulation data sets and one chorioamniotic membrane rupture data set. Combining analysis of all three data sets identified two genes (Angptl4 and Pfkfb4) that were upregulated across rupture systems. Some of the identified genes, such as Rgs2, Adam8, and Lox, have been characterised in multiple rupture contexts, including ovulation. Others, such as Glul, Baz1a, and Ddx3x, have not yet been characterised in the context of ovulation and warrant further investigation as potential novel regulators. We also identified overlapping functions of mast cells, macrophages, and T cells in the process of rupture. Each of these rupture systems share local vasoconstriction around the rupture site, smooth muscle contractions away from the site of rupture, and fluid shear forces that initially increase and then decrease to predispose one specific region to rupture. Experimental techniques developed to study these structural and biomechanical changes that underlie rupture, such as patient-derived microfluidic models and spatiotemporal transcriptomic analyses, have not yet been comprehensively translated to the study of ovulation. Review of the existing knowledge, transcriptomic data, and experimental techniques from studies of rupture in other biological systems yields a better understanding of the physiology of ovulation and identifies avenues for novel studies of ovulation with techniques and targets from the study of vascular biology and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Zaniker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 10-109, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elnur Babayev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 10-109, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Francesca E. Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 10-109, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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4
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Dinh DT, Breen J, Nicol B, Foot NJ, Bersten DC, Emery A, Smith KM, Wong YY, Barry SC, Yao HC, Robker RL, Russell DL. Progesterone receptor mediates ovulatory transcription through RUNX transcription factor interactions and chromatin remodelling. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:5981-5996. [PMID: 37099375 PMCID: PMC10325896 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone receptor (PGR) plays diverse roles in reproductive tissues and thus coordinates mammalian fertility. In the ovary, rapid acute induction of PGR is the key determinant of ovulation through transcriptional control of a unique set of genes that culminates in follicle rupture. However, the molecular mechanisms for this specialized PGR function in ovulation is poorly understood. We have assembled a detailed genomic profile of PGR action through combined ATAC-seq, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis in wildtype and isoform-specific PGR null mice. We demonstrate that stimulating ovulation rapidly reprograms chromatin accessibility in two-thirds of sites, correlating with altered gene expression. An ovary-specific PGR action involving interaction with RUNX transcription factors was observed with 70% of PGR-bound regions also bound by RUNX1. These transcriptional complexes direct PGR binding to proximal promoter regions. Additionally, direct PGR binding to the canonical NR3C motif enable chromatin accessibility. Together these PGR actions mediate induction of essential ovulatory genes. Our findings highlight a novel PGR transcriptional mechanism specific to ovulation, providing new targets for infertility treatments or new contraceptives that block ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doan T Dinh
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - James Breen
- Indigenous Genomics, Telethon Kids Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Barbara Nicol
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Natalie J Foot
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - David C Bersten
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alaknanda Emery
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kirsten M Smith
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ying Y Wong
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Simon C Barry
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Humphrey H C Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rebecca L Robker
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Darryl L Russell
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
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5
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Li XL, Zhu HJ, Zhang Q, Li YS, Li YC, Feng X, Yuan RY, Sha QQ, Ma JY, Luo SM, Sun QY, Chen LN, Ou XH. Continuous light exposure influences luteinization and luteal function of ovary in ICR mice. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12846. [PMID: 36428267 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid change of people's lifestyle, more childbearing couples live with irregular schedules (i.e., staying up late) and suffer from decreased fertility and abortion, which can be caused by luteal phase defect (LPD). We used continuous light-exposed mice as a model to observe whether continuous light exposure may affect luteinization and luteal function. We showed that the level of progesterone in serum reduced (p < .001), the number of corpus luteum (CL) decreased (p < .01), and the expressions of luteinization-related genes (Lhcgr, Star, Ptgfr, and Runx2), clock genes (Clock and Per1), and Mt1 were downregulated (p < .05) in the ovaries of mice exposed to continuous light, suggesting that continuous light exposure induces defects in luteinization and luteal functions. Strikingly, injection of melatonin (3 mg/kg) could improve luteal functions in continuous light-exposed mice. Moreover, we found that, after 2 h of hCG injection, the level of pERK1/2 in the ovary decreased in the continuous light group, but increased in the melatonin administration group, suggesting that melatonin can improve LPD caused by continuous light exposure through activating the ERK1/2 pathway. In summary, our data demonstrate that continuous light exposure affects ovary luteinization and luteal function, which can be rescued by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Shi Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Chu Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xie Feng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Ying Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Sha
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Ming Luo
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei-Ning Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Clark ZL, Ruebel ML, Schall PZ, Karl KR, Ireland JJ, Latham KE. Follicular Hyperstimulation Dysgenesis: New Explanation for Adverse Effects of Excessive FSH in Ovarian Stimulation. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac100. [PMID: 35833461 PMCID: PMC9342683 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) doses during ovarian stimulation protocols for assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are detrimental to ovulatory follicle function and oocyte quality. However, the mechanisms are unclear. In a small ovarian reserve heifer model, excessive FSH doses lead to phenotypic heterogeneity of ovulatory size follicles, with most follicles displaying signs of premature luteinization and a range in severity of abnormalities. By performing whole transcriptome analyses of granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and oocytes from individual follicles of animals given standard or excessive FSH doses, we identified progressive changes in the transcriptomes of the 3 cell types, with increasing severity of follicular abnormality with the excessive doses. The granulosa and cumulus cells each diverged progressively from their normal phenotypes and became highly similar to each other in the more severely affected follicles. Pathway analysis indicates a possible dysregulation of the final stages of folliculogenesis, with processes characteristic of ovulation and luteinization occurring concurrently rather than sequentially in the most severely affected follicles. These changes were associated with disruptions in key pathways in granulosa and cumulus cells, which may account for previously reported reduced estradiol production, enhanced progesterone and oxytocin production and diminished ovulation rates. Predicted deficiencies in oocyte survival, stress response, and fertilization suggest likely reductions in oocyte health, which could further compromise oocyte quality and ART outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaramasina L Clark
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program and the Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Meghan L Ruebel
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program and the Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center 15 Children’s Way Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Peter Z Schall
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program and the Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Human Genetics, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Karl
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program and the Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - James J Ireland
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program and the Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Keith E Latham
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program and the Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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7
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Jia Y, Liu L, Gong S, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang R, Wang A, Jin Y, Lin P. Hand2os1 Regulates the Secretion of Progesterone in Mice Corpus Luteum. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080404. [PMID: 36006319 PMCID: PMC9415164 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum plays a key role in pregnancy maintenance and estrous cycle regulation by secreting progesterone. Hand2os1 is an lncRNA located upstream of Hand2, with which a bidirectional promoter is shared and is involved in the regulation of cardiac development and embryo implantation in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and regulation of Hand2os1 in the ovaries. Here, we used RNAscope to detect differential expression of Hand2os1 in the ovaries of cycling and pregnant mice. Hand2os1 was specifically detected in luteal cells during the proestrus and estrus phases, showing its highest expression in the corpus luteum at estrus. Additionally, Hand2os1 was strongly expressed in the corpus luteum on day 4 of pregnancy, but the positive signal progressively disappeared after day 8, was detected again on day 18, and gradually decreased after delivery. Hand2os1 significantly promoted the synthesis of progesterone and the expression of StAR and Cyp11a1. The decreased progesterone levels caused by Hand2os1 interference were rescued by the overexpression of StAR. Our findings suggest that Hand2os1 may regulate the secretion of progesterone in the mouse corpus luteum by affecting the key rate-limiting enzyme StAR, which may have an impact on the maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Suhua Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Haijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (P.L.)
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.J.); (L.L.); (S.G.); (H.L.); (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (A.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (P.L.)
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8
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Choi Y, Jeon H, Akin JW, Curry TE, Jo M. The FOS/AP-1 Regulates Metabolic Changes and Cholesterol Synthesis in Human Periovulatory Granulosa Cells. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6309635. [PMID: 34171102 PMCID: PMC8315293 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
FOS, a subunit of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, has been implicated in various cellular changes. In the human ovary, the expression of FOS and its heterodimeric binding partners JUN, JUNB, and JUND increases in periovulatory follicles. However, the specific role of the FOS/AP-1 remains elusive. The present study determined the regulatory mechanisms driving the expression of FOS and its partners and functions of FOS using primary human granulosa/lutein cells (hGLCs). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) induced a biphasic increase in the expression of FOS, peaking at 1 to 3 hours and 12 hours. The levels of JUN proteins were also increased by hCG, with varying expression patterns. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses revealed that FOS is present as heterodimers with all JUN proteins. hCG immediately activated protein kinase A and p42/44MAPK signaling pathways, and inhibitors for these pathways abolished hCG-induced increases in the levels of FOS, JUN, and JUNB. To identify the genes regulated by FOS, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed using hGLC treated with hCG ± T-5224 (FOS inhibitor). Sequencing data analysis revealed that FOS inhibition affects the expression of numerous genes, including a cluster of genes involved in the periovulatory process such as matrix remodeling, prostaglandin synthesis, glycolysis, and cholesterol biosynthesis. Quantitative PCR analysis verified hCG-induced, T-5224-regulated expression of a selection of genes involved in these processes. Consistently, hCG-induced increases in metabolic activities and cholesterol levels were suppressed by T-5224. This study unveiled potential downstream target genes of and a role for the FOS/AP-1 complex in metabolic changes and cholesterol biosynthesis in granulosa/lutein cells of human periovulatory follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hayce Jeon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Curry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Misung Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Correspondence: Misung Jo, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein sex hormones regulating development and reproduction and bind to specific G protein–coupled receptors expressed in the gonads. Their effects on multiple signaling cascades and intracellular events have recently been characterized using novel technological and scientific tools. The impact of allosteric modulators on gonadotropin signaling, the role of sugars linked to the hormone backbone, the detection of endosomal compartments supporting signaling modules, and the dissection of different effects mediated by these molecules are areas that have advanced significantly in the last decade. The classic view providing the exclusive activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and the steroidogenic pathway by these hormones has been expanded with the addition of novel signaling cascades as determined by high-resolution imaging techniques. These new findings provided new potential therapeutic applications. Despite these improvements, unanswered issues of gonadotropin physiology, such as the intrinsic pro-apoptotic potential to these hormones, the existence of receptors assembled as heteromers, and their expression in extragonadal tissues, remain to be studied. Elucidating these issues is a challenge for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
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10
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Yuan B, Yang J, Dubeau L, Hu Y, Li R. A Phosphotyrosine Switch in Estrogen Receptor β Is Required for Mouse Ovarian Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649087. [PMID: 33898441 PMCID: PMC8063698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two homologous estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ exert distinct effects on their cognate tissues. Previous work from our laboratory identified an ERβ-specific phosphotyrosine residue that regulates ERβ transcriptional activity and antitumor function in breast cancer cells. To determine the physiological role of the ERβ phosphotyrosine residue in normal tissue development and function, we investigated a mutant mouse model (Y55F) whereby this particular tyrosine residue in endogenous mouse ERβ is mutated to phenylalanine. While grossly indistinguishable from their wild-type littermates, mutant female mice displayed reduced fertility, decreased ovarian follicular cell proliferation, and lower progesterone levels. Moreover, mutant ERβ from female mice during superovulation is defective in activating promoters of its target genes in ovarian tissues. Thus, our findings provide compelling genetic and molecular evidence for a role of isotype-specific ERβ phosphorylation in mouse ovarian development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Louis Dubeau
- Department of Pathology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanfen Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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