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Aykanat B, Elbay M. Effect of photobiomodulation on the efficacy of anesthesia in maxillary permanent molar teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization: A randomized clinical trial. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:219-228. [PMID: 37688333 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulty in anesthetizing teeth that have been diagnosed with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a frequently reported clinical problem. The effects of low-level laser application (photobiomodulation) on the efficacy of anesthesia during the dental treatment of patients with MIH have not yet been studied. AIM To assess the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the efficacy of anesthesia in maxillary permanent molar teeth with MIH. DESIGN This prospective, parallel-arm control, randomized, triple-blind clinical trial included children aged 7-12 years. Maxillary permanent first molar teeth with MIH that required pulpotomy treatment were included. Seventy participants were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (with PBMT) and control (placebo). In the experimental group, before the administration of local infiltration anesthesia, PBMT (diode laser: 940 nm; continuous mode; 0.5 W; 78 J/cm2) was applied to the oral mucosa for 60 s each. In the control group, the laser probe was channeled toward the mucosa but was not activated. Pain scores were evaluated during the access cavity preparation of the pulpotomy treatment (when using the dentin cutting handpiece and while entering into the pulp) using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. Additional anesthesia requirements were assessed in both groups. The data obtained were analyzed for statistical significance (p < .05). The chi-squared test was used to determine the effect of PBMT on categorical outcomes. RESULTS The no-pain scores of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group (29% vs. 20%). Moderate-to-high pain was more frequent in the control group than in the experimental group (43% vs. 20%). While 31% of the experimental group required supplemental anesthesia, 49% of the control group required supplemental anesthesia during pulpotomy of the tooth with MIH. No statistical difference, however, was found between the two groups in terms of pain scores and the need for supplemental anesthesia (p = .235, p = .143). CONCLUSIONS Anesthesia with and without PBMT caused no difference in pain during the treatment of maxillary molar teeth with MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkehan Aykanat
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mesut Elbay
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Smith H, Giulivi C. Starch treatment improves the salivary proteome for subject identification purposes. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2024; 20:117-128. [PMID: 37084127 PMCID: PMC10944386 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Identification of subjects, including perpetrators, is one of the most crucial goals of forensic science. Saliva is among the most common biological fluids found at crime scenes, containing identifiable components. DNA has been the most prominent identifier to date, but its analysis can be complex due to low DNA yields and issues preserving its integrity at the crime scene. Proteins are emerging as viable candidates for subject identification. Previous work has shown that the salivary proteome of the least-abundant proteins may be helpful for subject identification, but more optimized techniques are needed. Among them is removing the most abundant proteins, such as salivary α-amylase. Starch treatment of saliva samples elicited the removal of this enzyme and that of glycosylated, low-molecular-weight proteins, proteases, and immunoglobulins, resulting in a saliva proteome profile enriched with a subset of proteins, allowing a more reliable and nuanced subject identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Smith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Zameer M, Birajdar SB. The 'mysterious aetiology' of molar incisor hypomineralisation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:987-988. [PMID: 35927546 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-022-00743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Zameer
- Armed Forces Hospital Jizan, Abu Arish, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S B Birajdar
- Sanjeevani Dental Clinic, Raichur, Karnataka, India
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Analysis of Human and Microbial Salivary Proteomes in Children Offers Insights on the Molecular Pathogenesis of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092061. [PMID: 36140166 PMCID: PMC9495719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molar incisor hypomineralization is a complex developmental enamel defect that affects the permanent dentition of children with significant functional and aesthetic implications. Saliva is an ideal diagnostic tool and ensures patients’ compliance by diminishing the discomfort especially in pediatric population. Lately, salivary proteome analysis has progressively evolved in various biomedical disciplines. As changes in saliva composition are associated with oral diseases, it is reasonable to assume that the saliva proteome of MIH-affected children might be altered compared to healthy children. This study analyzed the human and microbial salivary proteome in children with MIH in order to identify salivary markers indicative of the pathology. The conducted proteomic analysis generated a comprehensive dataset comprising a total of 1515 high confidence identifications and revealed a clear discrimination between the two groups. Statistical comparison identified 142 differentially expressed proteins, while the pathway analysis indicated deregulation of inflammation, immune response mechanisms, and defense response to bacteria in MIH patients. Bacterial proteome analysis showed a lower diversity for the microbial species, which highlights the dysbiotic environment established in the MIH pathology.
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Aguilar Gálvez D, Noal FC, Arriola-Guillén LE, Hugo FN, Leal SC, Borba de Araujo F. Virtual learning object for developing knowledge about the diagnosis and management of molar incisor hypomineralization. Int J Paediatr Dent 2022; 32:458-463. [PMID: 34564920 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop, apply, and evaluate a virtual learning object (VLO) for teaching undergraduate dental students and paediatric dentists to diagnose and manage molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). DESIGN This controlled educational intervention included 170 undergraduate dental students and 50 paediatric dentists. The student intervention group (VLOG) was trained by the VLO, the control group of students (CG) received a synchronous virtual class, and the group of paediatric dentists (PDG) was trained by the VLO. Pre-test and post-test data were analyzed with a mixed one-way and Tukey's post hoc ANOVA test (α = 0.05). The answers to the questionnaire were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The values obtained in the pre-test were significantly lower than those obtained in the post-test for all groups. The specialists showed a higher level of knowledge before and after the MIH training compared with the students (p < .001). Similarly, statistical differences were found in the level of knowledge, which increased after MIH training (p < .001). There were no differences between the CG and VLOG. CONCLUSIONS The level of knowledge increased in all groups after training regardless of the method used. VLOG works similar to traditional teaching approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Aguilar Gálvez
- Pediatric Dentistry Specialty of the Stomatology, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú.,Universidad Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Mukhtar U, Goyal A, Luthra-Guptasarma M, Gauba K, Kapur A, Thakur AK. Label-free quantitative proteomics reveals molecular correlates of altered biomechanical properties in molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2022; 23:179-191. [PMID: 35013981 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-021-00687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative developmental defect of enamel that affects first permanent molars with or without affecting permanent incisors. We aimed to carry out a quantitative proteomics-based study to compare and evaluate proteins in sound and MIH-affected enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten blocks each of the MIH-affected enamel and sound enamel were processed and prepared for LC-MS/MS analysis. Label-free quantitation was carried out to evaluate the differentially expressed proteins in the two groups of samples. RESULTS A significant increase in the number of proteins in MIH-affected enamel (50.3 ± 29.6) was observed compared to the sound enamel (21.4 ± 3.2). While proteins like collagens, α1-anti-trypsin, kallikrein-4 (KLK4), matrix metalloprotease-20 (MMP-20), alpha-2-macroglobulin, and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein were upregulated in sound enamel, there was over-expression of albumin, calcium-binding proteins, anti-thrombin III, and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), along with proteins implicated in stress response and inflammatory processes in MIH. CONCLUSION We propose that altered biomechanical properties of the enamel in MIH samples arise due to (i) down-regulation of proteins contributing to collagen biosynthesis and fibril formation; (ii) an overall imbalance in required levels of proteases (KLK4 and MMP-20) and anti-proteases (anti-thrombin-III which inhibits KLK-4), essential for optimal mineralization; (iii) very low levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin with important consequences in enamel mineralization and amelogenesis; and (iv) increased albumin in MIH, preventing proper growth of hydroxyapatite crystals. Increased inflammatory component was also seen in MIH; however, whether inflammation is a cause or consequence of the poor mineralization process needs to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Mukhtar
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Goyal
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - M Luthra-Guptasarma
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Gauba
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A Kapur
- Oral Health Sciences Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - A K Thakur
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Campanati A, Martina E, Diotallevi F, Radi G, Marani A, Sartini D, Emanuelli M, Kontochristopoulos G, Rigopoulos D, Gregoriou S, Offidani A. Saliva Proteomics as Fluid Signature of Inflammatory and Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137018. [PMID: 34209865 PMCID: PMC8267971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is easy to access, non-invasive and a useful source of information useful for the diagnosis of serval inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Following the advent of genomic technologies and -omic research, studies based on saliva testing have rapidly increased and human salivary proteome has been partially characterized. As a proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available, the most common aim of the proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. The salivary proteome has been initially investigated in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and Sjögren's syndrome. Otherwise, salivary proteomics studies in the dermatological field are still in the initial phase, thus the aim of this review is to collect the best research evidence on the role of saliva proteomics analysis in immune-mediated skin diseases to understand the direction of research in this field. The results of PRISMA analysis reported herein suggest that human saliva analysis could provide significant data for the diagnosis and prognosis of several immune-mediated and inflammatory skin diseases in the next future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Campanati
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (F.D.); (G.R.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emanuela Martina
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (F.D.); (G.R.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Federico Diotallevi
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (F.D.); (G.R.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Giulia Radi
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (F.D.); (G.R.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Andrea Marani
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (F.D.); (G.R.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Davide Sartini
- Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (D.S.); (M.E.)
| | - Monica Emanuelli
- Biochemistry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (D.S.); (M.E.)
| | - George Kontochristopoulos
- Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (D.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Dimitris Rigopoulos
- Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (D.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Stamatis Gregoriou
- Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Andreas Sygros Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece; (G.K.); (D.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Dermatological Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic Marche University, 60100 Ancona, Italy; (E.M.); (F.D.); (G.R.); (A.M.); (A.O.)
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Vieira AR, Modesto A. Amelogenesis Imperfecta Enamel Changes, Amelogenin, and Dental Caries Susceptibility. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2020.613851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in identifying the subset of individuals in the population that are more susceptible to dental caries. We proposed that a portion of these particular individuals are more susceptible to dental caries due to changes in dental enamel that are related to amelogenin genomic variation. However, apparently amelogenin function can be impacted by inflammation, and this can lead to small changes in the structure of the dental enamel that later in life increases the risk of dental caries.
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Lee JS, Mitulović G, Panahipour L, Gruber R. Proteomic Analysis of Porcine-Derived Collagen Membrane and Matrix. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225187. [PMID: 33212864 PMCID: PMC7698422 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collagen membranes and matrices being widely used in guided bone regeneration and soft tissue augmentation have characteristic properties based on their composition. The respective proteomic signatures have not been identified. Here, we performed a high-resolution shotgun proteomic analysis on two porcine collagen-based biomaterials designed for guided bone regeneration and soft tissue augmentation. Three lots each of a porcine-derived collagen membrane and a matrix derived from peritoneum and/or skin were digested and separated by nano-reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The peptides were subjected to mass spectrometric detection and analysis. A total of 37 proteins identified by two peptides were present in all collagen membranes and matrices, with 11 and 16 proteins being exclusively present in the membrane and matrix, respectively. The common extracellular matrix proteins include fibrillar collagens (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL2A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL5A3, COL11A2), non-fibrillar collagens (COL4A2, COL6A1, COL6A2, COL6A3, COL7A1, COL16A1, COL22A1), and leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (DCN, LUM, BGN, PRELP, OGN). The structural proteins vimentin, actin-based microfilaments (ACTB), annexins (ANXA1, ANXA5), tubulins (TUBA1B, TUBB), and histones (H2A, H2B, H4) were also identified. Examples of membrane-only proteins are COL12A1 and COL14A1, and, of matrix only proteins, elastin (ELN). The proteomic signature thus revealed the similarities between but also some individual proteins of collagen membrane and matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.-S.L.); (L.P.)
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Goran Mitulović
- Proteomics Core Facility, Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.-S.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (J.-S.L.); (L.P.)
- Proteomics Core Facility, Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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