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Lambrechts L. Does arbovirus emergence in humans require adaptation to domestic mosquitoes? Curr Opin Virol 2023; 60:101315. [PMID: 36996522 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, several mosquito-borne arboviruses of zoonotic origin have established large-scale epidemic transmission cycles in the human population. It is often considered that arbovirus emergence is driven by adaptive evolution, such as virus adaptation for transmission by 'domestic' mosquito vector species that live in close association with humans. Here, I argue that although arbovirus adaptation to domestic mosquito vectors has been observed for several emerging arboviruses, it was generally not directly responsible for their initial emergence. Secondary adaptation to domestic mosquitoes often amplified epidemic transmission, however, this was more likely a consequence than a cause of arbovirus emergence. Considering that emerging arboviruses are generally 'preadapted' for transmission by domestic mosquito vectors may help to enhance preparedness toward future arbovirus emergence events.
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Low Transmission of Chikungunya Virus by Aedes aegypti from Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010031. [PMID: 36678379 PMCID: PMC9860973 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012−2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was the cause of a major outbreak in the southern part of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Since then, only a few imported cases, with isolates belonging to different lineages, were recorded between 2014 and 2020 in Vientiane capital and few autochthonous cases of ECSA-IOL lineage were detected in the south of the country in 2020. The CHIKV epidemiological profile contrasts with the continuous and intensive circulation of dengue virus in the country, especially in Vientiane capital. The study’s aim was to investigate the ability of the local field-derived Aedes aegypti population from Vientiane capital to transmit the Asian and ECSA-IOL lineages of CHIKV. Our results revealed that, for both CHIKV lineages, infection rates were low and dissemination rates were high. The transmission rates and efficiencies evidenced a low vector competence for the CHIKV tested. Although this population of Ae. aegypti showed a relatively modest vector competence for these two CHIKV lineages, several other factors could influence arbovirus emergence such as the longevity and density of female mosquitoes. Due to the active circulation of CHIKV in Southeast Asia, investigations on these factors should be done to prevent the risk of CHIKV emergence and spread in Lao PDR and neighboring countries.
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Calvez E, Bounmany P, Balière C, Somlor S, Viengphouthong S, Xaybounsou T, Keosenhom S, Fangkham K, Brey PT, Caro V, Lacoste V, Grandadam M. Using Background Sequencing Data to Anticipate DENV-1 Circulation in the Lao PDR. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112263. [PMID: 34835389 PMCID: PMC8617722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first detection in 1979, dengue fever has been considered a major public health issue in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR). Dengue virus (DENV) serotype 1 was the cause of an epidemic in 2010–2011. Between 2012 and 2020, major outbreaks due successively to DENV-3, DENV-4 and recently DENV-2 have been recorded. However, DENV-1 still co-circulated in the country over this period. Here, we summarize epidemiological and molecular data of DENV-1 between 2016 and 2020 in the Lao PDR. Our data highlight the continuous circulation of DENV-1 in the country at levels ranging from 16% to 22% among serotyping tests. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis has revealed the circulation of DENV-1 genotype I at least since 2008 with a co-circulation of different clusters. Sequence data support independent DENV-1 introductions in the Lao PDR correlated with an active circulation of this serotype at the regional level in Southeast Asia. The maintenance of DENV-1 circulation over the last ten years supports a low level of immunity against this serotype within the Lao population. Thereby, the risk of a DENV-1 epidemic cannot be ruled out in the future, and this emphasizes the importance of maintaining an integrated surveillance approach to prevent major outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Phaithong Bounmany
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Charlotte Balière
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Souksakhone Viengphouthong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Thonglakhone Xaybounsou
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Kitphithak Fangkham
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
- Lao Army Institute for Preventive Medicine, Vientiane 01030, Laos
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos;
| | - Valérie Caro
- Environment and Infectious Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; (C.B.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincent Lacoste
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.B.); (S.S.); (S.V.); (T.X.); (S.K.); (K.F.); (V.L.); (M.G.)
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Auerswald H, Maquart PO, Chevalier V, Boyer S. Mosquito Vector Competence for Japanese Encephalitis Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061154. [PMID: 34208737 PMCID: PMC8234777 DOI: 10.3390/v13061154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen mainly found in East and Southeast Asia and transmitted by mosquitoes. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge on the diversity of JEV mosquito vector species. Therefore, we systematically analyzed reports of JEV found in field-caught mosquitoes as well as experimental vector competence studies. Based on the investigated publications, we classified 14 species as confirmed vectors for JEV due to their documented experimental vector competence and evidence of JEV found in wild mosquitoes. Additionally, we identified 11 mosquito species, belonging to five genera, with an experimentally confirmed vector competence for JEV but lacking evidence on their JEV transmission capacity from field-caught mosquitoes. Our study highlights the diversity of confirmed and potential JEV vector species. We also emphasize the variety in the study design of vector competence investigations. To account for the diversity of the vector species and regional circumstances, JEV vector competence should be studied in the local context, using local mosquitoes with local virus strains under local climate conditions to achieve reliable data. In addition, harmonization of the design of vector competence experiments would lead to better comparable data, informing vector and disease control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 120210, Cambodia
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierre-Olivier Maquart
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 120210, Cambodia; (P.-O.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Véronique Chevalier
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 120210, Cambodia;
- UMR ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sebastien Boyer
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh 120210, Cambodia; (P.-O.M.); (S.B.)
- Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
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Lataillade LDGD, Vazeille M, Obadia T, Madec Y, Mousson L, Kamgang B, Chen CH, Failloux AB, Yen PS. Risk of yellow fever virus transmission in the Asia-Pacific region. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5801. [PMID: 33199712 PMCID: PMC7669885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa and South America, yellow fever is absent from the Asia-Pacific region. Yellow fever virus (YFV) is mainly transmitted by the anthropophilic Aedes mosquitoes whose distribution encompasses a large belt of tropical and sub tropical regions. Increasing exchanges between Africa and Asia have caused imported YFV incidents in non-endemic areas, which are threatening Asia with a new viral emergence. Here, using experimental infections of field-collected mosquitoes, we show that Asian-Pacific Aedes mosquitoes are competent vectors for YFV. We observe that Aedes aegypti populations from Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and New Caledonia are capable of transmitting YFV 14 days after oral infections, with a number of viral particles excreted from saliva reaching up to 23,000 viral particles. These findings represent the most comprehensive assessment of vector competence and show that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from the Asia-Pacific region are highly competent to YFV, corroborating that vector populations are seemingly not a brake to the emergence of yellow fever in the region. Yellow fever is absent from the Asia/Pacific region, despite presence of the mosquito vector. Here, the authors demonstrate that mosquitoes collected from field sites across the region are capable of transmitting yellow fever virus, indicating that vector competence is not a barrier to disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Vazeille
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Obadia
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756, CNRS, Paris, France.,Malaria Unit: Parasites and Hosts, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Mousson
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Department of Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Health Research Institutes, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Shi Yen
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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Calvez E, Pommelet V, Somlor S, Pompon J, Viengphouthong S, Bounmany P, Chindavong TA, Xaybounsou T, Prasayasith P, Keosenhom S, Brey PT, Telle O, Choisy M, Marcombe S, Grandadam M. Trends of the Dengue Serotype-4 Circulation with Epidemiological, Phylogenetic, and Entomological Insights in Lao PDR between 2015 and 2019. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090728. [PMID: 32899416 PMCID: PMC7557816 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue outbreaks have regularly been recorded in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) since the first detection of the disease in 1979. In 2012, an integrated arbovirus surveillance network was set up in Lao PDR and an entomological surveillance has been implemented since 2016 in Vientiane Capital. Here, we report a study combining epidemiological, phylogenetic, and entomological analyzes during the largest DENV-4 epidemic ever recorded in Lao PDR (2015-2019). Strikingly, from 2015 to 2019, we reported the DENV-4 emergence and spread at the country level after two large epidemics predominated by DENV-3 and DENV-1, respectively, in 2012-2013 and 2015. Our data revealed a significant difference in the median age of the patient infected by DENV-4 compared to the other serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the circulation of DENV-4 Genotype I at the country level since at least 2013. The entomological surveillance showed a predominance of Aedesaegypti compared to Aedesalbopictus and high abundance of these vectors in dry and rainy seasons between 2016 and 2019, in Vientiane Capital. Overall, these results emphasized the importance of an integrated approach to evaluate factors, which could impact the circulation and the epidemiological profile of dengue viruses, especially in endemic countries like Lao PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Virginie Pommelet
- Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos;
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Julien Pompon
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Souksakhone Viengphouthong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Phaithong Bounmany
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Thep Aksone Chindavong
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Thonglakhone Xaybounsou
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Phoyphaylinh Prasayasith
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Olivier Telle
- Centre de Sciences Humaines (CHS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Delhi 110001, India;
- Center for Policy Research (CPR), Delhi 110001, India
| | - Marc Choisy
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK;
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Sébastien Marcombe
- Medical Entomology and Vector Borne Disease Unit, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (P.T.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Arbovirus and Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Lao PDR, Vientiane 01030, Laos; (S.S.); (S.V.); (P.B.); (T.A.C.); (T.X.); (P.P.); (S.K.); (M.G.)
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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