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Sun Y, Ahmadi Y, Kim KH. The selection of a nitrogen precursor for the construction of N-doped titanium dioxide with enhanced photocatalytic activity for the removal of gaseous toluene. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119664. [PMID: 39048069 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (i.e., N-TiO2) catalysts is a highly effective option to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Nonetheless, relatively little is known about the effects of dopant precursors selected for their preparation with regard to the photocatalytic efficacy. In this study, three types of dopants are selected and used as N sources (urea (U), melamine (M), and aqueous ammonia (A)) for N-TiO2 samples with the name codes of NTU, NTM, and NTA, respectively. The photocatalytic efficacy of these N-TiO2 samples is examined against toluene in a packed bed flow reactor. Under optimal conditions (e.g., relative humidity (RH) = 20% and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) = 1698 h-1), the superiority of NTA is evident over others with a quantum efficiency (QE) of 7.03 × 10-4 molecules photon-1, a space time yield (STY) of 1.38 × 10-4 molecules photon-1 mg-1, and a specific clean air delivery rate (SCADR) of 1148.8 L g-1 h-1. The analysis based on in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirms the formation of several intermediates such as benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, and alkane species through ring opening reactions. In addition, the prepared NTA photocatalyst exhibits the highest toluene photocatalytic degradation efficiency among all TiO2-based catalysts surveyed to date. Overall, this study offers as a valuable guideline for the development of advanced TiO2 catalytic systems (such as N-TiO2) for the treatment of aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Younes Ahmadi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Ayuzawa S, Yamada T, Miyagawa H, Oishi S, Teshima K. Low-temperature Ruby Crystal Growth Via a Supersaturation Process Based on Flux Decomposition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308047. [PMID: 38169109 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Crystal growth methods that do not require high temperatures are highly needed for the facile growth of oxide single crystals with melting points of several thousand degrees Celsius. This paper represents the first report of a method for the low-temperature growth of ruby crystals (chromium-doped Al2O3) at 750 °C, which is one-third of the conventionally required temperature (2050 °C). In solution-based crystal growth, the target crystal is grown at a temperature considerably lower than its melting point. However, conventional crystal growth processes involving solvent evaporation and cooling require high temperatures to completely liquefy the material, with previously reported solution growth temperatures of ≈1100 °C. Supersaturation based on the decomposition of crystal-solvent intermediates eliminates the need to completely liquefy the material, enabling low-temperature crystal growth. The combination of computational and experimental investigations helps determine the optimum conditions for low-temperature crystal growth. The proposed method is a novel green process that breaks the conventional frontiers of crystal growth while ensuring eco-friendliness and low energy consumption. In addition, its scope can potentially be expanded to the synthesis of various crystals and direct growth on substrates with low melting points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Ayuzawa
- Nagano Prefecture Nanshin Institute of Technology, 8304-190 Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4511, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroh Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Shuji Oishi
- Nagano Prefecture Nanshin Institute of Technology, 8304-190 Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4511, Japan
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuya Teshima
- Nagano Prefecture Nanshin Institute of Technology, 8304-190 Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4511, Japan
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano, 380-8553, Japan
- Research Center for Space System Innovation, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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Lee CE, Raduka A, Gao N, Hussain A, Rezaee F. 8-Bromo-cAMP attenuates human airway epithelial barrier disruption caused by titanium dioxide fine and nanoparticles. Tissue Barriers 2024:2300579. [PMID: 38166590 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide fine particles (TiO2-FPs) and nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are the most widely used whitening pigments worldwide. Inhalation of TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs can be harmful as it triggers toxicity in the airway epithelial cells. The airway epithelium serves as the respiratory system's first line of defense in which airway epithelial cells are significant targets of inhaled pathogens and environmental particles. Our group previously found that TiO2-NPs lead to a disrupted barrier in the polarized airway epithelial cells. However, the effect of TiO2-FPs on the respiratory epithelial barrier has not been examined closely. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs on the structure and function of the airway epithelial barrier. Additionally, we hypothesized that 8-Bromo-cAMP, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) derivative, would alleviate the disruptive effects of both TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs. We observed increased epithelial membrane permeability in both TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs after exposure to 16HBE cells. Immunofluorescent labeling showed that both particle sizes disrupted the structural integrity of airway epithelial tight junctions and adherens junctions. TiO2-FPs had a slightly more, but insignificant impact on the epithelial barrier disruption than TiO2-NPs. Treatment with 8-Bromo-cAMP significantly attenuated the barrier-disrupting impact of both TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs on cell monolayers. Our study demonstrates that both TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs cause comparable barrier disruption and suggests a protective role for cAMP signaling. The observed effects of TiO2-FPs and TiO2-NPs provide a necessary understanding for characterizing the pathways involved in the defensive role of the cAMP pathway on TiO2-induced airway barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Lee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andjela Raduka
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aabid Hussain
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Lin S, Yang F, Yang Z, Wang J, Xiang L. Preparation of Hydrated TiO 2 Particles by Hydrothermal Hydrolysis of Mg/Al-Bearing TiOSO 4 Solution. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1179. [PMID: 37049273 PMCID: PMC10097384 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As the byproduct in the smelting process of vanadium titano-magnetite, titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (TBFS) can be converted to a titanyl sulfate (TiOSO4) solution containing MgSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 impurities via dissociation by concentrated H2SO4 (80-95%) at 80-200 °C, followed by leaching with H2O at 60-85 °C. In this study, hydrated TiO2 was prepared by hydrothermal hydrolysis of a Mg/Al-bearing TiOSO4 solution at 120 °C and the hydrolysis law was investigated. The experimental results indicate that MgSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 accelerated the hydrolysis and significantly affected the particle size (increasing the primary agglomerate size from 40 to 140 nm) and dispersion (reducing the aggregate size from 12.4 to 1.5 μm) of hydrated TiO2. A thermodynamic equilibrium calculation showed TiOSO4 existed as TiO2+ and SO42- in the solution, and MgSO4 and Al2(SO4)3 led to little change of [TiO2+], but an obvious decrease of [H+], which favored the hydrolysis process. At the same time, the coordination-dissociation mechanism of SO42- and Al(SO4)2- facilitated the lap bonding of Ti-O-Ti, promoting the growth of hydrated TiO2 synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuoying Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wu J, Yan X, Lei X, He L, Guo W, Yan S, Kuang X, Yin C. Ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders in low dimensional PbBiFe1-xMxO4 (M = Mn and Co) solid solutions. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Reiß L, Prestel T, Giering S. The light aging behavior of daylight fluorescent paints: a colorimetric, photographic, Raman spectroscopic and fluorescence spectroscopic study. HERITAGE SCIENCE 2022; 10:171. [PMID: 36320569 PMCID: PMC9610339 DOI: 10.1186/s40494-022-00812-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Daylight fluorescent pigments with their intense color effects have attracted great interest among artists since their market launch in the mid-twentieth century. Since then they have been widely used in the visual arts. The pigments are mainly compositions of organic fluorescent dyes and optical brighteners diluted in an insoluble resin. Due to the susceptibility of the dyes to visible and UV radiation, their lightfastness is comparatively low. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the color and fluorescence changes of daylight fluorescent paints upon exposure in visible light and ultraviolet radiation conducted on mock-ups of commercial daylight fluorescent pigments. The different aging characteristics of the pigments depend on the color tone. They were recorded by means of photographic and colorimetric documentation. In addition, Raman spectroscopy was used to identify the main dyes of the various pigments, even in the complex system of paints, consisting of primer, binder, resin and dyes, and to determine their degradation during aging. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the change in fluorescent color may not only be due to the decrease in dye concentration, but also to the transformation of the original dyes into other fluorescent compounds during light aging. Finally, this paper provides recommendations for the presentation of artworks containing daylight fluorescent pigments. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40494-022-00812-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Reiß
- Laboratory of Archaeometry, Dresden University of Fine Arts, Güntzstraße 34, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Prestel
- Laboratory of Archaeometry, Dresden University of Fine Arts, Güntzstraße 34, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Giering
- Art Technology, Conservation and Restoration of Painting on Mobile Support, Dresden University of Fine Arts, Güntzstraße 34, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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