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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Fan Q, Ke H, Chen X, Jin L, Tang H, Jiang Y, Ma J. Unraveling pathogenesis, biomarkers and potential therapeutic agents for endometriosis associated with disulfidptosis based on bioinformatics analysis, machine learning and experiment validation. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:42. [PMID: 39061076 PMCID: PMC11282767 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMs) is an enigmatic disease of yet-unknown pathogenesis. Disulfidptosis, a novel identified form of programmed cell death resulting from disulfide stress, stands a chance of treating diverse ailments. However, the potential roles of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in EMs remain elusive. This study aims to thoroughly explore the key disulfidptosis genes involved in EMs, and probe novel diagnostic markers and candidate therapeutic compounds from the aspect of disulfidptosis based on bioinformatics analysis, machine learning, and animal experiments. RESULTS Enrichment analysis on key module genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues in EMs suggested that EMs was closely related to disulfidptosis. And then, we obtained 20 and 16 disulfidptosis-related DEGs in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed complex interactions between genes, and screened nine and ten hub genes in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, respectively. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis uncovered distinct differences in the immunocyte, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene set, and immune checkpoints in the eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues when compared with health control. Besides, the hub genes mentioned above showed a close correlation with the immune microenvironment of EMs. Furthermore, four machine learning algorithms were applied to screen signature genes in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, including the binary logistic regression (BLR), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Model training and hyperparameter tuning were implemented on 80% of the data using a ten-fold cross-validation method, and tested in the testing sets which determined the excellent diagnostic performance of these models by six indicators (Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, Accuracy, and Area Under Curve). And seven eutopic signature genes (ACTB, GYS1, IQGAP1, MYH10, NUBPL, SLC7A11, TLN1) and five ectopic signature genes (CAPZB, CD2AP, MYH10, OXSM, PDLIM1) were finally identified based on machine learning. The independent validation dataset also showed high accuracy of the signature genes (IQGAP1, SLC7A11, CD2AP, MYH10, PDLIM1) in predicting EMs. Moreover, we screened 12 specific compounds for EMs based on ectopic signature genes and the pharmacological impact of tretinoin on signature genes was further verified in the ectopic lesion in the EMs murine model. CONCLUSION This study verified a close association between disulfidptosis and EMs based on bioinformatics analysis, machine learning, and animal experiments. Further investigation on the biological mechanism of disulfidptosis in EMs is anticipated to yield novel advancements for searching for potential diagnostic biomarkers and revolutionary therapeutic approaches in EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Women's Reproductive Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingnan Fan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanxiao Ke
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linxi Jin
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Tang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Institute of Women's Reproductive Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Riaz MA, Mecha EO, Omwandho COA, Zeppernick F, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Konrad L. The Different Gene Expression Profile in the Eutopic and Ectopic Endometrium Sheds New Light on the Endometrial Seed in Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1276. [PMID: 38927483 PMCID: PMC11201009 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in endometrial cells, both in the eutopic endometrium of patients with and without endometriosis and in lesions at ectopic sites, are frequently described and often compared to tumorigenesis. In tumorigenesis, the concept of "seed and soil" is well established. The seed refers to tumor cells with metastatic potential, and the soil is any organ or tissue that provides a suitable environment for the seed to grow. In this systematic review (PRISMA-S), we specifically compared the development of endometriosis with the "seed and soil" hypothesis. To determine changes in the endometrial seed, we re-analyzed the mRNA expression data of the eutopic and ectopic endometrium, paying special attention to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We found that the similarity between eutopic endometrium without and with endometriosis is extremely high (~99.1%). In contrast, the eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis has a similarity of only 95.3% with the ectopic endometrium. An analysis of EMT-associated genes revealed only minor differences in the mRNA expression levels of claudin family members without the loss of other cell-cell junctions that are critical for the epithelial phenotype. The array data suggest that the changes in the eutopic endometrium (=seed) are quite subtle at the beginning of the disease and that most of the differences occur after implantation into ectopic locations (=soil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Assad Riaz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | | | | | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
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Liu M, Wang X, Zhu J. PDLIM3 knockdown promotes ferroptosis in endometriosis progression via inducing Gli1 degradation and blocking Hedgehog signaling pathway. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03131-8. [PMID: 38771390 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03131-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Current evidence suggests that there is no completely effective method for endometriosis (EMS) without trauma due to diverse adverse effects. Reliable evidence illustrates that inhibiting ferroptosis is a potential strategy for EMS. We sufficiently verified that the expression of endogenous protein PDZ and LIM domain 3 (PDLIM3) was significantly increased in EMS. METHODS PDLIM3 knockdown reduced primary ectopic endometrial stromal cells' (EESCs) viability and migration, and elevated ferroptosis signaling indicators including Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in EESCs. RESULTS Mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition of PDLIM3 accelerated glioma-associated oncogene-1 (Gli1) degradation and further deactivated Hedgehog signaling. Gli1 inhibitor, GANT61, abrogated the impact of PDLIM3 deletion on EESC growth, migration, and ferroptosis. In vivo experiments suggested that PDLIM3 reduction repressed the growth of endometrial lesions. Likewise, repression of PDLIM3 promoted ferroptosis and attenuated Hedgehog signaling in endometrial lesions. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, silencing of PDLIM3 facilitates ferroptosis in EMS by inducing Gli1 degradation and blocking Hedgehog signaling. It may provide an alternative strategy for developing therapeutic agents of EMS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Liu
- Gynecology Treatment Area II, Songyuan City Central Hospital, No.1188, Wenhua Road, Ningjiang District, Songyuan, 138000, Jilin, China.
| | - Xianxian Wang
- Gynecology Treatment Area I, Songyuan City Central Hospital, Songyuan, Jilin, China
| | - Jiannan Zhu
- Gynecology Treatment Area II, Songyuan City Central Hospital, No.1188, Wenhua Road, Ningjiang District, Songyuan, 138000, Jilin, China
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Wang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang C, Yan J, Yang T, Jiang A. CADM2 participates in endometriosis development by influencing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01592-x. [PMID: 38767769 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is a common gynecologic condition that often leads to infertility in women of reproductive age. Cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) is involved in maintaining cell adhesion and polarity, as well as suppressing tumors. However, the role and mechanism of CADM2 in endometriosis is unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated the expression levels of CADM2 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related marker proteins (E-cadherin, α-SMA, and N-cadherin). Compared to normal endometrial tissue, CADM2 was expressed at low levels in ectopic endometrial tissue from patients with EM. We performed clone formation assays, wound healing assays, and Transwell cell invasion assays to investigate the effects of CADM2 on the biological behavior of endometriosis epithelial cells (11Z) and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs). The growth, migration, and invasion abilities of these cells were significantly inhibited by overexpression of CADM2. The results were reversed after the knockdown of CADM2. Finally, western blotting (WB) was utilized to detect the effect of CADM2 on EMT in endometriosis cells. CADM2 inhibited EMT in endometriosis cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that CADM2 is a negative regulator of endometriosis development and may inhibit endometriosis development by suppressing EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- Gynaecology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifang Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Luo L, Li Y, Bao Z, Zhu D, Chen G, Li W, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Liao Y, Cheng K, Li Z. Pericardial Delivery of SDF-1α Puerarin Hydrogel Promotes Heart Repair and Electrical Coupling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302686. [PMID: 37665792 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The stromal-derived factor 1α/chemokine receptor 4 (SDF-1α/CXCR4) axis contributes to myocardial protection after myocardial infarction (MI) by recruiting endogenous stem cells into the ischemic tissue. However, excessive inflammatory macrophages are also recruited simultaneously, aggravating myocardial damage. More seriously, the increased inflammation contributes to abnormal cardiomyocyte electrical coupling, leading to inhomogeneities in ventricular conduction and retarded conduction velocity. It is highly desirable to selectively recruit the stem cells but block the inflammation. In this work, SDF-1α-encapsulated Puerarin (PUE) hydrogel (SDF-1α@PUE) is capable of enhancing endogenous stem cell homing and simultaneously polarizing the recruited monocyte/macrophages into a repairing phenotype. Flow cytometry analysis of the treated heart tissue shows that endogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hemopoietic stem cells, and immune cells are recruited while SDF-1α@PUE efficiently polarizes the recruited monocytes/macrophages into the M2 type. These macrophages influence the preservation of connexin 43 (Cx43) expression which modulates intercellular coupling and improves electrical conduction. Furthermore, by taking advantage of the improved "soil", the recruited stem cells mediate an improved cardiac function by preventing deterioration, promoting neovascular architecture, and reducing infarct size. These findings demonstrate a promising therapeutic platform for MI that not only facilitates heart regeneration but also reduces the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuetong Li
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
| | - Ziwei Bao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Guoqin Chen
- Cardiology Department of Panyu Central Hospital and Cardiovascular Disease Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Weirun Li
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingxian Xiao
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Yixin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Zhenhua Li
- The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Function and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Proestling K, Husslein H, Hudson QJ, Witzmann-Stern M, Widmar B, Bagó-Horváth Z, Sandrieser L, Perricos A, Wenzl R, Yotova I. MLLT11 Regulates Endometrial Stroma Cell Adhesion, Proliferation and Survival in Ectopic Lesions of Women with Advanced Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:439. [PMID: 38203610 PMCID: PMC10778601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MLLT11 is a gene implicated in cell differentiation and the development and progression of human cancers, but whose role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is still unknown. Using quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we analyzed 37 women with and 33 women without endometriosis for differences in MLLT11 expression. We found that MLLT11 is reduced in the ectopic stroma cells of women with advanced stage endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis. MLLT11 knockdown in control stroma cells resulted in the downregulation of their proliferation accompanied by G1 cell arrest and an increase in the expression of p21 and p27. Furthermore, the knockdown of MLLT11 was associated with increased apoptosis resistance to camptothecin associated with changes in BCL2/BAX signaling. Finally, MLLT11 siRNA knockdown in the control primary stroma cells led to an increase in cell adhesion associated with the transcriptional activation of ACTA2 and TGFB2. We found that the cellular phenotype of MLLT11 knockdown cells resembled the phenotype of the primary endometriosis stroma cells of the lesion, where the levels of MLLT11 are significantly reduced compared to the eutopic stroma cells of women without the disease. Overall, our results indicate that MLLT11 may be a new clinically relevant player in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Proestling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Heinrich Husslein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Quanah James Hudson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Matthias Witzmann-Stern
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Barbara Widmar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Bagó-Horváth
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Lejla Sandrieser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Alexandra Perricos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
| | - René Wenzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
| | - Iveta Yotova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (K.P.); (H.H.); (Q.J.H.); (M.W.-S.); (B.W.); (L.S.); (A.P.); (R.W.)
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Wang X, Zheng Q, Sun M, Liu L, Zhang H, Ying W. Signatures of necroptosis-related genes as diagnostic markers of endometriosis and their correlation with immune infiltration. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:535. [PMID: 37817158 PMCID: PMC10566087 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMS) occurs when normal uterine tissue grows outside the uterus and causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Endometriosis-associated infertility is thought to be caused by unknown mechanisms. In this study, using necroptosis-related genes, we developed and validated multigene joint signatures to diagnose EMS and explored their biological roles. METHODS We downloaded two databases (GSE7305 and GSE1169) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and 630 necroptosis-related genes from the GeneCards and GSEA databases. The limma package in Rsoftware was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We interleaved common differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) and necroptosis-related genes (NRDEGs) in the endometriosis dataset. The DEGs functions were reflected by gene ontology analysis (GO), pathway enrichment analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We used CIBERSORT to analyze the immune microenvironment differences between EMS patients and controls. Furthermore, a correlation was found between necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes and infiltrating immune cells to better understand the molecular immune mechanism. RESULTS Compared with the control group, this study revealed that 10 NRDEGs were identified in EMS. There were two types of immune cell infiltration abundance (activated NK cells and M2 macrophages) in these two datasets, and the correlation between different groups of samples was statistically significant (P < 0.05). MYO6 consistently correlated with activated NK cells in the two datasets. HOOK1 consistently demonstrated a high correlation with M2 Macrophages in two datasets. The immunohistochemical result indicated that the protein levels of MYO6 and HOOK1 were increased in patients with endometriosis, further suggesting that MYO6 and HOOK1 can be used as potential biomarkers for endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified ten necroptosis-related genes in EMS and assessed their relationship with the immune microenvironment. MYO6 and HOOK1 may serve as novel biomarkers and treatment targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China
| | - Man Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Luotong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Weiwei Ying
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 317000, China.
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Cheng WX, Wei SB, Zhou Y, Shao Y, Li MY. Exosomes: potential diagnostic markers and drug carriers for adenomyosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1216149. [PMID: 37680720 PMCID: PMC10482052 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1216149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomyosis is a common benign gynecological disorder and an important factor leading to infertility in fertile women. Adenomyosis can cause deep lesions and is persistent and refractory in nature due to its tumor-like biological characteristics, such as the ability to implant, adhere, and invade. The pathogenesis of adenomyosis is currently unclear. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells that carry proteins, genetic materials and other biologically active components. Exosomes play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and regulating immune responses and metabolism. A growing body of work has shown that exosomes and their contents are key to the development and progression of adenomyosis. This review discusses the current research progress, future prospects and challenges in this emerging therapeutic tool by providing an overview of the changes in the adenomyosis uterine microenvironment and the biogenesis and functions of exosomes, with particular emphasis on the role of exosomes and their contents in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation, fibrosis formation, neovascularization, and inflammatory responses in adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shao-Bin Wei
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Trauma Center, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao-Ya Li
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Lee NK, Lee JW, Woo JH, Choi YS, Choi JH. Upregulation of SPI1 in Ectopic Endometrium Contributes to an Invasive Phenotype. Arch Med Res 2023; 54:86-94. [PMID: 36702668 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD AND AIM Endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and cancer. However, its molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify key genes involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. METHODS Bioinformatic analyses were perfomed to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs), transcription factors (TFs), and functionally enriched pathways. Effect of SPI1 on migration, invasion, expression of ADH1B, MYH11, and PLN were analyzed in human endometriotic cells. RESULTS By screening three transcriptome datasets from the GEO for overlapping DEGs between eutopic and ectopic endometria in patients with endometriosis, we found that the expression of ADH1B, MYH11, and PLN was markedly upregulated in the ectopic endometrium. Knockdown of ADH1B, MYH11, and PLN significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of human endometriotic 12Z cells. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition gene signature was positively correlated with ADH1B, MYH11, and PLN expression. Notably, the TF SPI1 was found to regulate the expression of these three genes in the endometriotic tissues and 12TZ cells. Moreover, SPI1 expression was associated with the invasion of endometriotic cells and was increased in the ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SPI1 plays a key role in the progression of endometriosis by regulating ADH1B, MYH11, and PLN expression and may therefore serve as a potential prognostic and therapeutic factor for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youn Seok Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hye Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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10
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Lu B, Cao X, Chen X, Yue Y, Tang S, Xia F. MiR-518c-3p alleviates endometriosis by inhibiting ectopic endometrial migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via targeting ZNF608. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 307:205-213. [PMID: 35275273 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was performed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of miR-518c-3p in the progression of endometriosis (EMs). METHODS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) potentially acting on EMs were predicted by bioinformatics databases and validated in normal and ectopic endometrium. The miR-518c-3p mimics were transfected into endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), and cell growth, death, and proliferation marker proteins expression were detected. The targeting relationship of miR-518c-3p with zinc finger protein 608 (ZNF608) was validated by luciferase reporter assay. ESCs were incubated with miR-518c-3p mimics alone or co-transfected with pcDNA-ZNF608, and growth, death, as well as proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker protein expression were detected. A rat model of EMs overexpressing miR-518c-3p alone or ZNF608 simultaneously was constructed to detect ectopic endometrial cell apoptosis and cyst volume in rats. RESULTS MiR-518c-3p expression was downregulated in ectopic endometrium. MiR-518c-3p mimic inhibited migration, invasion and proliferation of ESCs, and promoted apoptosis. MiR-518c-3p targeted the 3'UTR of ZNF608. ZNF608 expression was upregulated in ESCs and ectopic endometrium, and the regulatory effect of pcDNA-ZNF608 on ESCs was opposite to that of miR-518c-3p mimics. ZNF608 overexpressing rats had greater endometrial cyst weight and volume, and decreased endometrial apoptosis compared with miR-518c-3p overexpressing alone. CONCLUSION MiR-518c-3p inhibited growth, metastasis and EMT of ESCs and decreased ectopic endometrial area in rats with EMs by targeting ZNF608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Yunxiu Building, No.1 Shizi Street, Canglang District, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhu No.1 People's Hospital, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhu No.1 People's Hospital, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhu No.1 People's Hospital, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shiqing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhu No.1 People's Hospital, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Yunxiu Building, No.1 Shizi Street, Canglang District, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Lih Yuan T, Sulaiman N, Nur Azurah AG, Maarof M, Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali, Yazid MD. Oestrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in endometriosis: Aetiology of vaginal agenesis in Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:937988. [PMID: 36582359 PMCID: PMC9793092 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.937988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis occurs when endometrial-like tissue forms and grows outside the uterus due to oestrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the female reproductive tract. Factors that suppress this event could become potential therapeutic agents against disease occurrence and progression. However, an overview of these studies is still lacking. This review assessed the impact of a number factors on oestrogen-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the emergence of several diseases in the female reproductive tract, primarily endometriosis. The association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome was also investigated. Oestrogen, Wnt4 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were chosen as keywords in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science searches performed on 28th June 2021. Study selection was refined to cancer-irrelevant, English, original articles published between years 2011-2021. The full-text assessment was carried out for topic-related articles after title and abstract screening. Included studies were summarised and assessed for their risk of bias using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation tool. In this review, 10 articles investigating oestrogen and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the female reproductive tract were summarised and classified into two groups: seven studies under 'factor'-modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and three studies under 'factor'-manipulated oestrogen-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The current evidence proposes that epithelial-mesenchymal transition is one of the prime causes of reproductive-related disease. This event could be mediated by distinct stimuli, specifically oestrogen and Wnt4 aberration. The results of this review suggest that oestrogen and Wnt4 participate in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vaginal epithelial cells in MRKH syndrome, adopting from the theories of endometriosis development, which could therefore serve as a foundation for novel target treatment, specifically related to vaginal epithelialisation, to ensure better surgical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Too Lih Yuan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Adawiyah Razali
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Muhammad Dain Yazid,
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12
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Yu M, Yang Y, Zhao H, Li M, Chen J, Wang B, Xiao T, Huang C, Zhao H, Zhou W, Zhang JV. Targeting the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis by small molecule antagonist α-NETA mitigates endometriosis progression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:985618. [PMID: 36523492 PMCID: PMC9745129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.985618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, characterized by the presence of endometrial-like lesions outside the uterus. This debilitating disease causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility with limited therapeutics. Chemerin is a secretory protein that acts on CMKLR1 (Chemokine-Like Receptor 1) to execute functions vital for immunity, adiposity, and metabolism. Abnormal chemerin/CMKLR1 axis underlies the pathological mechanisms of certain diseases including cancer and inflammatory diseases, but its role in endometriosis remains unknown. Herein, our results showed that chemerin and CMKLR1 are up-regulated in endometriotic lesions by analyzing the human endometriosis database and murine model. Knockdown of chemerin or CMKLR1 by shRNA led to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) along with compromised viability, migration, and invasion of hEM15A cells. Most importantly, 2-(α-naphthoyl) ethyltrimethylammonium iodide (α-NETA), a small molecule antagonist for CMKLR1, was evidenced to exhibit profound anti-endometriosis effects (anti-growth, anti-mesenchymal features, anti-angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, α-NETA exhibited a dual inhibition effect on PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways in hEM15A cells and murine endometriotic grafts. This study highlights that the chemerin/CMKLR1 signaling axis is critical for endometriosis progression, and targeting this axis by α-NETA may provide new options for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yali Yang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baobei Wang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianxia Xiao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huashan Zhao
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian V. Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Wu Y, Zhang B, Wei J, Li J, Huang Y, Chen L, He X. Bioinformatics identification and validation of biomarkers and infiltrating immune cells in endometriosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944683. [PMID: 36524127 PMCID: PMC9745028 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis (EM) is a common gynecological disorder that often leads to irregular menstruation and infertility. The pathogenesis of EM remains unclear and delays in diagnosis are common. Thus, it is urgent to explore potential biomarkers and underlying molecular mechanisms for EM diagnosis and therapies. Methods Three EM-related datasets (GSE11691, GSE25628, and GSE86534) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) which were integrated into a combined dataset after removing batch effect. Differentially expressed immune cell-related genes were obtained by CIBERSORT, WGCNA, and the identification of differentially expressed genes. Random forest model (RF), support vector machine model (SVM), and generalized linear model (GLM) were then constructed and the biomarkers for EM were determined. A nomogram evaluating the risk of disease was constructed and the validity was assessed by the calibration curve, DCA curve, and clinical impact curve. Single-gene Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA)was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of biomarkers. The ceRNA regulatory network of biomarkers was created by Cytoscape and potential target drugs were obtained in the DGIdb database (Drug-Gene Interaction database).The expression levels of biomarkers from clinical samples was quantified by RT-qPCR. Results The ratio of eight immune cells was significantly different between the eutopic and ectopic endometrium samples. A total of eight differentially expressed immune cell-related genes were investigated. The SVM model was a relatively suitable model for the prediction of EM and five genes (CXCL12, PDGFRL, AGTR1, PTGER3, and S1PR1) were selected from the model as biomarkers. The calibration curve, DCA curve, and clinical impact curve indicated that the nomogram based on the five biomarkers had a robust ability to predict disease. Single gene GSEA result suggested that all five biomarkers were involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis and transmembrane transport-related biological processes in EM. A ceRNA regulatory network containing 184 nodes and 251 edges was constructed. Seven drugs targeting CXCL12, 49 drugs targeting AGTR1, 16 drugs targeting PTGER3, and 21 drugs targeting S1PR1 were extracted as potential drugs for EM therapy. Finally, the expression of PDGFRL and S1PR1 in clinical samples was validated by RT-qPCR, which was consistent with the result of public database. Conclusions In summary, we identified five biomarkers (CXCL12, PDGFRL, AGTR1, PTGER3, and S1PR1) and constructed diagnostic model, furthermore predicted the potential therapeutic drugs for EM. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into EM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yalan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Baozhu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fu’an Hospital, Fuan, Fujian, China
| | - Juanbing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxiu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinqin He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Xinqin He,
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14
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Penariol LBC, Thomé CH, Tozetti PA, Paier CRK, Buono FO, Peronni KC, Orellana MD, Covas DT, Moraes MEA, Silva WA, Rosa-e-Silva JC, Ferriani RA, Faça VM, Poli-Neto OB, Tiezzi DG, Meola J. What Do the Transcriptome and Proteome of Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Tell Us about Endometriosis? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911515. [PMID: 36232817 PMCID: PMC9570451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the importance of menstrual blood in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and the multifunctional roles of menstrual mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) in regenerative medicine, this issue has gained prominence in the scientific community. Moreover, recent reviews highlight how robust the integrated assessment of omics data are for endometriosis. To our knowledge, no study has applied the multi-omics approaches to endometriosis MenSCs. This is a case-control study at a university-affiliated hospital. MenSCs transcriptome and proteome data were obtained by RNA-seq and UHPLC-MS/MS detection. Among the differentially expressed proteins and genes, we emphasize ATF3, ID1, ID3, FOSB, SNAI1, NR4A1, EGR1, LAMC3, and ZFP36 genes and MT2A, TYMP, COL1A1, COL6A2, and NID2 proteins that were already reported in the endometriosis. Our functional enrichment analysis reveals integrated modulating signaling pathways such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (↑) and PI3K signaling via AKT to mTORC1 (↓ in proteome), mTORC1 signaling, TGF beta signaling, TNFA signaling via NFkB, IL6 STAT3 signaling, and response to hypoxia via HIF1A targets (↑ in transcriptome). Our findings highlight primary changes in the endometriosis MenSCs, suggesting that the chronic inflammatory endometrial microenvironment can modulate these cells, providing opportunities for endometriosis etiopathogenesis. Moreover, they identify challenges for future research leveraging knowledge for regenerative and precision medicine in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia B. C. Penariol
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carolina H. Thomé
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A. Tozetti
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos R. K. Paier
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Ceará 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Fabiana O. Buono
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Kamila C. Peronni
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela D. Orellana
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Dimas T. Covas
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Maria E. A. Moraes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Ceará 60430-275, Brazil
| | - Wilson A. Silva
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio C. Rosa-e-Silva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rui A. Ferriani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health (Hormona), CNPq, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vitor M. Faça
- Regional Blood Center, Medical School of Hemocenter Foundation of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14051-140, Brazil
- Department Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Omero B. Poli-Neto
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel G. Tiezzi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Meola
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory for Translational Data Science, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Hormones and Women’s Health (Hormona), CNPq, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-0577
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15
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Liu Y, Fan L, Jin L, Lu C, Li T, Zhang Z, Xie C, Li S, Zhang Y, Ren J, Lu D. Integrated bioinformatic analysis of dysregulated microRNA-mRNA co-expression network in ovarian endometriosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2022; 101:1074-1084. [PMID: 35876135 PMCID: PMC9812100 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian endometriosis is a frequently occurring gynecological disease with large socioeconomic impact. Accumulating evidence has suggested that aberrant miRNA-mRNA interactions are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of ovarian endometriosis. This study aims to identify key miRNAs in ovarian endometriosis by using integrated bioinformatic analysis of a dysregulated miRNA-mRNA co-expression network. MATERIAL AND METHODS Expression profiling of miRNA and mRNA in three normal endometria and five pairs of ectopic/eutopic endometria from patients with ovarian endometriosis was determined by high-throughput sequencing techniques. The data were then integrated with the public sequencing datasets (GSE105764 and GSE105765) using a non-biased approach and a miRNA-mRNA co-expression regulatory network was constructed by in-depth bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS The constructed miRNA-mRNA network included 87 functionally DEMs, 482 target mRNAs and 1850 paired miRNA-mRNA regulatory interactions. Specifically, five miRNAs (miR-141-3p, miR-363-3p, miR-577, miR-767-5p, miR-96-5p) were gradually decreased and two miRNAs (miR-493-5p, miR-592) were gradually increased from normal endometria to eutopic endometria, and then ectopic endometria tissues. Importantly, miR-141-3p, miR-363-3p and miR-96-5p belonged to the miR-200 family, miR-106a-363 cluster and miR-183/96/182 cluster, respectively. Their target mRNAs were mainly associated with cell adhesion, locomotion and binding, which are suggested to play vital regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS Integrated bioinformatic analysis of the miRNA-mRNA co-expression network defines the crucial roles of the miR-200 family, miR-106a-363 cluster and miR-183/96/182 cluster in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis. Further in-depth functional studies are needed to unveil the molecular mechanisms of these miRNAs, and may provide clues for the optimization of therapeutic strategies for ovarian endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Linyuan Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lingge Jin
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chengmao Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jian Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalCapital Medical University. Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care HospitalBeijingChina
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16
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Wang M, Wu Y, He Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Huang J, Qi G, Li P. SIRT1 upregulation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inducing senescence escape in endometriosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12302. [PMID: 35853978 PMCID: PMC9296487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial epithelial cells carry distinct cancer-associated alterations that may be more susceptible to endometriosis. Mouse models have shown that overexpression of SIRT1 associated with oncogene activation contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, but the underlying reason remains elusive. Here, we used integrated systems biology analysis and found that enrichment of endometrial stromal fibroblasts in endometriosis and their cellular abundance correlated negatively with epithelial cells in clinical specimens. Furthermore, endometrial epithelial cells were characterized by significant overexpression of SIRT1, which is involved in triggering the EMT switch by escaping damage or oncogene-induced induced senescence in clinical specimens and in vitro human cell line models. This observation supports that genetic and epigenetic incident favors endometrial epithelia cells escape from senescence and fuel EMT process in endometriosis, what could be overcome by downregulation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongqi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yunbiao He
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingxing Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jieqiong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guolong Qi
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Wang X, Zhang M, Jiang L, Fang X, Zhang T. Exosomal AFAP1-AS1 binds to microRNA-15a-5p to promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ectopic endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:77. [PMID: 35513844 PMCID: PMC9069797 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMS) remains a major challenge to reproductive health due to multifactorial etiology, disease heterogeneity, and the lack of appropriate diagnostic markers and treatment. Eexosome (Exo) has become a major factor in progression of a variety of diseases. However, the mechanisms directing their role in the pathophysiology of EMS are ill-defined. Here, we aimed to investigate the clinical implications of actin filament associated protein 1-Antisense RNA 1 (AFAP1-AS1) in EMS. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the expression and interaction of AFAP1-AS1, miR-15a-5p and BCL9 in EMS, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the targeted relationship of AFAP1-AS1, miR-15a-5p, and BCL9. The Exo from endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) was isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Exosome uptake studies were performed. For in vitro assay, ectopic ESCs (EcESCs) proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. In vivo assay was performed by establishment of EMS mice to validate the result derived from in vitro assay. RESULTS The Exo was successfully isolated from ESCs and we observed high expression of AFAP1-AS1 and BCL9 but low expression of miR-15a-5p in EMS. Moreover, Exo derived from EcESCs could deliver AFAP1-AS1 to EcESCs and thus promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion of ESCs. AFAP1-AS1 bound to BCL9, which was targeted by miR-15a-5p in EMS. In vivo experiments in nude mice revealed that inhibition of Exosomal AFAP1-AS1 suppressed migration and invasion of EcESCs through miR-15a-5p/BCL9. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggested that ESCs-derived Exo carrying AFAP1-AS1 contributed to EMS pathogenesis. This study might help us realize the etiology of EMS and improve the treatment of the related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, NO.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, NO.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, PR China
| | - Liaofei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, NO.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, NO.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, NO.139 Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, PR China.
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18
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Chen P, Yao M, Fang T, Ye C, Du Y, Jin Y, Wu R. Identification of NFASC and CHL1 as Two Novel Hub Genes in Endometriosis Using Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis and Experimental Verification. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:377-392. [PMID: 35496348 PMCID: PMC9041605 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s354957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis (EMS) is a common and highly recurrent gynecological disease characterized by chronic pain and infertility. There are no definitive therapies for endometriosis since the pathogenesis remains undetermined. This study aimed to identify EMS-related functional modules and hub genes by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods Three endometriosis expression profiling series (GSE25628, GSE23339, and GSE7305) were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The EMS-related module was constructed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), followed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. Cytohubba and the MCODE plug-ins of Cytoscape were used to screen out the hub genes, which were verified via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Immunohistochemistry was performed to verify the protein expression of the hub genes in ectopic endometrial tissues. Moreover, CIBERSORT was used to analyze the relationship between the abundance of immune cells infiltration and the expression of hub genes. Results Among the 18 modules obtained, the darkmagenta module was identified as the EMS-related module, genes of which were significantly enriched to terms referring to cell migration and neurogenesis. NFASC and CHL1 were screened out and prioritized as hub genes through Cytoscape and confirmed to be differentially upregulated in ectopic endometrial samples. Finally, the expression of hub genes was related to the abundance of immune cells infiltration. The higher expression of NFASC or CHL1 correlated with increased M2 macrophages and decreased natural killer (NK) cells in ectopic lesions. Conclusion This study provided new insights into the molecular factors underlying the pathogenesis of endometriosis and provided a theoretical basis for the potential that the two hub genes, NFASC and CHL1, might be novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyun Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoshuang Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjiang Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ruijin Wu, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 571-8706223, Email
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19
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Chen S, Chai X, Wu X. Bioinformatical analysis of the key differentially expressed genes and associations with immune cell infiltration in development of endometriosis. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:20. [PMID: 35303800 PMCID: PMC8932180 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study explored the key genes related to immune cell infiltration in endometriosis. Results The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE7305, GSE7307, and GSE11691), containing a total of 37 endometriosis and 42 normal tissues, were retrieved and analyzed to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analysis were performed to identify the pathways that were significantly enriched. The xCell software was used to analyze immune cell infiltration and correlation analyses were performed to uncover the relationship between key genes and immune cells. The analysis identified 1031 DEGs (581 upregulated and 450 downregulated DEGs), while GO analysis revealed altered extracellular matrix organization, collagen-containing extracellular matrix, and glycosaminoglycan binding and KEGG enrichment showed genes related to metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling, proteoglycans in cancer, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, the protein–protein interaction network revealed 10 hub genes, i.e., IL6, FN1, CDH1, CXCL8, IGF1, CDK1, PTPRC, CCNB1, MKI67, and ESR1. The xCell analysis identified immune cells with significant changes in all three datasets, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, CD8+ Tem, eosinophils, monocytes, Th1 cells, memory B-cells, activated dendritic cells (aDCs), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). These 10 hub genes were significantly associated with at least three types of immune cells. Conclusions Aberrant gene expression was related to abnormal infiltration of different immune cells in endometriosis and was associated with endometriosis development by affecting the tissue microenvironment and growth of ectopic endometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xiaoshan Chai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Xianqing Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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20
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Li N, Yi K, Li X, Wang Y, Jing J, Hu J, Wang Z. MiR-143-3p facilitates motility and invasiveness of endometriotic stromal cells by targeting VASH1/TGF-β signaling. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100592. [PMID: 34995817 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease. Accumulating evidence has revealed the participation of dysregulated miRNAs in the progression of endometriosis. Here, the function and molecular mechanism of miR-143-3p in endometriosis were investigated. The levels of vasohibin 1 (VASH1) and miR-143-3p in endometrial tissues and endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) were detected by RT-qPCR. Migrative and invasive phenotypes of ESCs were tested by Transwell assays. The protein expression of VASH1, TGF-β signaling markers, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was examined by western blotting. The targeted relationship between miR-143-3p and VASH1 was confirmed by bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay. We found that miR-143-3p expression was significantly upregulated in ectopic endometrial tissues compared to that in eutopic and normal endometrial tissues. MiR-143-3p knockdown restrained EMT process, invasive and migrative behaviors of ESCs. Mechanically, miR-143-3p targeted VASH1 and negatively regulated VASH1. VASH1 downregulation reserved the effects of miR-143-3p knockdown in ESCs. MiR-143-3p activated TGF-β signaling via targeting VASH1. Furthermore, activation of TGF-β signaling counteracted the miR-143-3p knockdown-caused suppression of migration, invasion and EMT process in ESCs. Overall, miR-143-3p activates TGF-β signaling by targeting VASH1 to facilitate migration and invasion of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Keyun Yi
- Department of Gynecology, Zhou kou Central Hospital, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jiayu Jing
- Department of Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxuan Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhoukou Maternal and Child Health Care, Zhoukou, 466000, Henan, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University; People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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21
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Li Q, Xi M, Shen F, Fu F, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhou J. Identification of Candidate Gene Signatures and Regulatory Networks in Endometriosis and its Related Infertility by Integrated Analysis. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:411-426. [PMID: 34993929 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease associated with infertility, and it represents an economic burden worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis development have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we aimed to identify reliable key genes and the related regulatory network that may be involved in endometriosis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through integrated analysis of four expression datasets of endometriosis from Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene functional analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed to reveal the potential function of DEGs. Subsequently, candidate hub genes were defined and validated in GSE105764 dataset, and the associated regulatory networks were constructed. Additionally, GSE120103 dataset was applied to identify the differential expression between the infertile and fertile groups of patients with stage IV endometriosis. Finally, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to identify the differential expression of hub genes in the collected clinical specimens. Robust rank aggregation integrated analysis determined 158 DEGs. Epithelial cell differentiation was the most significantly enriched biological process, and leukocyte transendothelial migration was the most significantly enriched pathway. Eight hub genes including CLDN3, CLDN5, CLDN7, CLDN11, HOXC8, HOXC6, HOXB6, and HOXB7 were identified, and most of these were validated as abnormally expressed genes in both the infertile group and patients with endometriosis. Transcriptional factors and microRNAs related to these genes were identified. Altogether, our integrated analysis identified critical gene signatures, involved pathways, and regulatory networks, which could provide clinically significant insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying endometriosis and its related infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Xi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangrong Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqing Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youguo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinhua Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Research Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Bae SJ, Jo Y, Cho MK, Jin JS, Kim JY, Shim J, Kim YH, Park JK, Ryu D, Lee HJ, Joo J, Ha KT. Identification and analysis of novel endometriosis biomarkers via integrative bioinformatics. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:942368. [PMID: 36339397 PMCID: PMC9630743 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.942368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological disease prevalent in women of reproductive age, and it is characterized by the ectopic presence and growth of the eutopic endometrium. The pathophysiology and diagnostic biomarkers of endometriosis have not yet been comprehensively determined. To discover molecular markers and pathways underlying the pathogenesis of endometriosis, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three Gene Expression Omnibus microarray datasets (GSE11691, GSE23339, and GSE7305) and performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses. We also validated the identified genes via immunohistochemical analysis of tissues obtained from patients with endometriosis or healthy volunteers. A total of 118 DEGs (79 upregulated and 39 downregulated) were detected in each dataset with a lower (fold change) FC cutoff (log2|FC| > 1), and 17 DEGs (11 upregulated and six downregulated) with a higher FC cutoff (log2|FC| > 2). KEGG and GO functional analyses revealed enrichment of signaling pathways associated with inflammation, complement activation, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix in endometriotic tissues. Upregulation of seven genes (C7, CFH, FZD7, LY96, PDLIM3, PTGIS, and WISP2) out of 17 was validated via comparison with external gene sets, and protein expression of four genes (LY96, PDLIM3, PTGIS, and WISP2) was further analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Based on these results, we suggest that TLR4/NF-κB and Wnt/frizzled signaling pathways, as well as estrogen receptors, regulate the progression of endometriosis. These pathways may be therapeutic and diagnostic targets for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Cho
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Jin
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jang-Kyung Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jongkil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jongkil Joo, ; Ki-Tae Ha,
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jongkil Joo, ; Ki-Tae Ha,
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23
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Text Mining and Hub Gene Network Analysis of Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5517145. [PMID: 34917684 PMCID: PMC8670927 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5517145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at systematically characterizing the endometriosis-associated genes based on text mining and at annotating the functions, pathways, and networks of endometriosis-associated hub genes. We extracted endometriosis-associated abstracts published between 1970 and 2020 from the PubMed database. A neural-named entity recognition and multitype normalization tool for biomedical text mining was used to recognize and normalize the genes and proteins embedded in the abstracts. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted to annotate the functions and pathways of recognized genes. Protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted on the genes significantly cooccurring with endometriosis to identify the endometriosis-associated hub genes. A total of 433 genes were recognized as endometriosis-associated genes (P < 0.05), and 154 pathways were significantly enriched (P < 0.05). A network of endometriosis-associated genes with 278 gene nodes and 987 interaction links was established. The 15 proteins that interacted with 20 or more other proteins were identified as the hub proteins of the endometriosis-associated protein network. This study provides novel insights into the hub genes that play key roles in the development of endometriosis and have implications for developing targeted interventions for endometriosis.
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24
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Lu Z, Gao Y. Screening differentially expressed genes between endometriosis and ovarian cancer to find new biomarkers for endometriosis. Ann Med 2021; 53:1377-1389. [PMID: 34409913 PMCID: PMC8381947 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1966087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Endometriosis is one of the most common reproductive system diseases, but the mechanisms of disease progression are still unclear. Due to its high recurrence rate, searching for potential therapeutic biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis is an urgent issue. METHODS Due to the similarities between endometriosis and ovarian cancer, four endometriosis datasets and one ovarian cancer dataset were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, followed by gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. Then, we validated gene expression and performed survival analysis with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OV) datasets in TCGA/GTEx database, and searched for potential drugs in the Drug-Gene Interaction Database. Finally, we explored the miRNAs of key genes to find biomarkers associated with the recurrence of endometriosis. RESULTS In total, 104 DEGs were identified in the endometriosis datasets, and the main enriched GO functions included cell adhesion, extracellular exosome and actin binding. Fifty DEGs were identified between endometriosis and ovarian cancer datasets including 11 consistently regulated genes, and nine DEGs with significant expression in TCGA/GTEx. Only IGHM had both significant expression and an association with survival, three module DEGs and two significantly expressed DEGs had drug associations, and 10 DEGs had druggability. CONCLUSIONS ITGA7, ITGBL1 and SORBS1 may help us understand the invasive nature of endometriosis, and IGHM might be related to recurrence; moreover, these genes all may be potential therapeutic targets.KEY MESSAGEThis manuscript used a bioinformatics approach to find target genes for the treatment of endometriosis.This manuscript used a new approach to find target genes by drawing on common characteristics between ovarian cancer and endometriosis.We screened relevant therapeutic agents for target genes in the drug database, and performed histological validation of target genes with both expression and survival analysis difference in cancer databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Lu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Zhang H, Wu J, Li Y, Jin G, Tian Y, Kang S. Identification of Key Differentially Methylated/Expressed Genes and Pathways for Ovarian Endometriosis by Bioinformatics Analysis. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1630-1643. [PMID: 34671938 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify genes that were differentially methylated and differentially expressed and their related signaling pathways in ovarian endometriosis tissue. First, the DNA methylation and gene expression profiles in the endometrial tissue of patients with ovarian endometriosis were studied using Illumina 450K methylation microarray analysis and the GSE141549 gene expression dataset. Second, differentially methylated and differentially expressed genes, herein referred to as differentially methylated/expressed genes, were identified and protein-protein interaction networks and functional analysis of these genes were determined. Third, qPCR and immunohistochemistry of patient samples was used to confirm the differential expression of a subset of differentially methylated/expressed genes. Finally, the GSE7305 dataset was used confirm the expression profile of differentially methylated/expressed genes and to determine the potential usefulness of these genes for diagnosis of endometriosis. A total of 37 hypermethylated low-expression genes and 66 hypomethylated high-expression genes were identified in ovarian endometriosis patients. Protein-protein interaction and functional analysis highlighted 8 hypermethylated low-expression genes (KRT19, KRT8, ESR1, PRL, SFN, IL20RA, IL2RB, and PAX8) and 4 hypomethylated high-expression genes (CYP11A1, NR5A1, ME1, and GSTM1). Significantly, both of these gene sets had a diagnostic value for patients with ovarian endometriosis. Signaling pathways that were identified included JAK-STAT (involving IL20RA and IL2RB), prolactin (involving PRL and ESR1), Staphylococcus aureus infection (involving KRT19), viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor (involving IL20RA and IL2RB), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (involving IL20RA and IL2RB), and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 (involving GSTM1). The differentially methylated/expressed genes and enriched signaling pathways identified in this study are likely to be associated with the process of ovarian endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Jiankanglu 12, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlei Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Jiankanglu 12, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Medical University Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Tian
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Jiankanglu 12, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital, Jiankanglu 12, Shijiazhuang, 050011, People's Republic of China.
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Klenov V, Flor S, Ganesan S, Adur M, Eti N, Iqbal K, Soares MJ, Ludewig G, Ross JW, Robertson LW, Keating AF. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates reproductive toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl congener 126 in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115639. [PMID: 34256052 PMCID: PMC8500329 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals with documented, though mechanistically ill-defined, reproductive toxicity. The toxicity of dioxin-like PCBs, such as PCB126, is mediated via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in non-ovarian tissues. The goal of this study was to examine the uterine and ovarian effects of PCB126 and test the hypothesis that the AHR is required for PCB126-induced reproductive toxicity. Female Holzman-Sprague Dawley wild type (n = 14; WT) and Ahr knock out (n = 11; AHR-/-) rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of either corn oil vehicle (5 ml/kg: WT_O and AHR-/-_O) or PCB126 (1.63 mg/kg in corn oil: WT_PCB and AHR-/-_PCB) at four weeks of age. The estrous cycle was synchronized and ovary and uterus were collected 28 days after exposure. In WT rats, PCB126 exposure reduced (P < 0.05) body and ovary weight, uterine gland number, uterine area, progesterone, 17β-estradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone level, secondary and antral follicle and corpora lutea number but follicle stimulating hormone level increased (P < 0.05). In AHR-/- rats, PCB126 exposure increased (P ≤ 0.05) circulating luteinizing hormone level. Ovarian or uterine mRNA abundance of biotransformation, and inflammation genes were altered (P < 0.05) in WT rats due to PCB126 exposure. In AHR-/- rats, the transcriptional effects of PCB126 were restricted to reductions (P < 0.05) in three inflammatory genes. These findings support a functional role for AHR in the female reproductive tract, illustrate AHR's requirement in PCB126-induced reprotoxicity, and highlight the potential risk of dioxin-like compounds on female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Klenov
- Dept of Ob/Gyn, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Susanne Flor
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Dept of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shanthi Ganesan
- Dept of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America
| | - Malavika Adur
- Dept of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America
| | - Nazmin Eti
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Dept of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America; Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America; Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Ludewig
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Dept of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jason W Ross
- Dept of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America
| | - Larry W Robertson
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Dept of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Dept of Animal Science, Iowa State University, United States of America.
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27
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Cui Z, Bhandari R, Lei Q, Lu M, Zhang L, Zhang M, Sun F, Feng L, Zhao S. Identification and Exploration of Novel Macrophage M2-Related Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Agents in Endometriosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:656145. [PMID: 34295919 PMCID: PMC8290202 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.656145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EM) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder that is associated with pain and infertility that affects ∼10% of reproductive-age women. The pathophysiology and etiology of EM remain poorly understood, and diagnostic delays are common. Exploration of the underlying molecular mechanism, as well as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, is urgently needed. Inflammation is known to play a key role in the development of lesions, which are a defining feature of the disorder. In our research, the CIBERSORT and WGCNA algorithms were used to establish a weighted gene co-expression network and to identify macrophage-related hub genes using data downloaded from the GEO database (GSE11691, 7305). The analysis identified 1,157 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EM lesions, of which five were identified as being related to M2 macrophages and were validated as differentially expressed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Of these putative novel biomarker genes, bridging integrator 2 (BIN2), chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), and macrophage mannose receptor 1 (MRC1) were upregulated, while spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and metalloproteinase 12 (ADAM12) were downregulated in ectopic endometria vs. normal endometria. Meanwhile, 23 potentially therapeutic small molecules for EM were obtained from the cMAP database, among which topiramate, isoflupredone, adiphenine, dexverapamil, MS-275, and celastrol were the top six molecules with the highest absolute enrichment values. This is our first attempt to use the CIBERSORT and WGCNA algorithms for the identification of novel Mϕ2 macrophage-related biomarkers of EM. Our findings provide novel insights into the impact of immune cells on the etiology of EM; nevertheless, further investigation of these key genes and therapeutic drugs is needed to validate their effects on EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ramesh Bhandari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Universal College of Medical Sciences, Bhairahawa, Nepal
| | - Qin Lei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Anhui Medical University Shanghai Clinical College, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Anhui Medical University Shanghai Clinical College, Hefei, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijin Feng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Multi-omics analysis reveals the interaction between the complement system and the coagulation cascade in the development of endometriosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11926. [PMID: 34099740 PMCID: PMC8185094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is a disease that shows immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation characteristics, suggesting a role of complement system in its pathophysiology. To find out the hub genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of EMs, three raw microarray datasets were recruited from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO). Then, a series of bioinformatics technologies including gene ontology (GO), Hallmark pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and gene co-expression correlation analysis were performed to identify hub genes. The hub genes were further verified by the Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot (WB). We identified 129 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EMs, of which 78 were up-regulated and 51 were down-regulated. Through GO functional enrichment analysis, we found that the DEGs are mainly enriched in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix remodeling, chemokine regulation, angiogenesis regulation, epithelial cell proliferation, et al. In Hallmark pathway enrichment analysis, coagulation pathway showed great significance and the terms in which included the central complement factors. Moreover, the genes were dominating in PPI network. Combined co-expression analysis with experimental verification, we found that the up-regulated expression of complement (C1S, C1QA, C1R, and C3) was positively related to tissue factor (TF) in EMs. In this study, we discovered the over expression complement and the positive correlation between complement and TF in EMs, which suggested that interaction of complement and coagulation system may play a role within the pathophysiology of EMS.
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29
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Cui L, Chen S, Wang D, Yang Q. LINC01116 promotes proliferation and migration of endometrial stromal cells by targeting FOXP1 via sponging miR-9-5p in endometriosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:2000-2012. [PMID: 33372387 PMCID: PMC7882988 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common multi-factorial gynaecological disease. Recent studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In the present study, the expression profiles of lncRNAs in 6 pairs of endometriosis ectopic endometrium (ecEM) and eutopic endometrium (euEM) tissues were analysed by RNA sequencing. From the profiles, LINC01116 was found to be up-regulated in ecEM tissues compared to euEM tissues and was verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Then, functional experiments demonstrated that LINC01116 promoted the proliferation and migration of ectopic primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), while miR-9-5p exerted the opposite effects. Dual-luciferase reporter assays verified that LINC01116 directly sponged miR-9-5p and relieved the suppression of its target, Forkhead box protein P1 (FOXP1). Rescue experiments further demonstrated that LINC01116 could promote proliferation and migration of ESCs by targeting FOXP1 via sponging miR-9-5p. Overall, our study illuminates that LINC01116 promotes the progression of endometriosis through the miR-9-5p/FOXP1 axis. This finding provides a novel therapeutic target for patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyi Cui
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Silei Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Iron-Storage Protein Ferritin Is Upregulated in Endometriosis and Iron Overload Contributes to a Migratory Phenotype. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110454. [PMID: 33121166 PMCID: PMC7694081 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of iron in the peritoneal cavity during menstruation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. However, whether iron directly affects the growth or migration of human endometriotic cells is poorly understood. This study demonstrated the presence of increased levels of the iron storage protein, ferritin, in the endometriotic tissues of patients with endometriosis. Furthermore, iron treatment stimulated the migration and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), but not growth, of 12Z human endometriotic cells. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 was markedly increased through iron treatment in 12Z cells. Interestingly, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly increased by iron in 12Z cells, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine significantly reduced iron-induced migration and MMP-2/-9 expression. Additionally, iron stimulated the activation of the NFκB pathway, and the activation was associated with iron-induced migration and MMP-2/-9 expression in 12Z cells. Moreover, iron markedly increased EMT and MMP-2/-9 expression in endometriotic lesions in an endometriosis mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest that iron may contribute to the migration abilities of human endometriotic cells via MMP expression through the ROS–NFκB pathway.
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31
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Herrero C, Abal M, Muinelo-Romay L. Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecological Tumors: Realities and Challenges. Front Oncol 2020; 10:565666. [PMID: 33178595 PMCID: PMC7591787 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.565666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liquid biopsy can be considered a reality for the clinical management of some cancers, such as lung or colorectal cancer, it remains a promising field in gynecological tumors. In particular, circulating extracellular vesicles (cEVs) secreted by tumor cells represent a scarcely explored type of liquid biopsy in gynecological tumors. Importantly, these vesicles are responsible for key steps in tumor development and dissemination and are recognized as major players in cell-to-cell communication between the tumor and the microenvironment. However, limited work has been reported about the biologic effects and clinical value of EVs in gynecological tumors. Therefore, here we review the promising but already relatively limited data on the role of circulating EVs in promoting gynecological tumor spread and also their value as non-invasive biomarkers to improve the management of these type of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Herrero
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Nasasbiotech, S.L., A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Nasasbiotech, S.L., A Coruña, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muinelo-Romay
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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