1
|
Dessart M, Aguiar JMRBV, Tabacchi E, Guillerme S, Giurfa M. Color-advertising strategies of invasive plants through the bee eye. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393204. [PMID: 38841283 PMCID: PMC11150686 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Invasive plants represent a significant global challenge as they compete with native plants for limited resources such as space, nutrients and pollinators. Here, we focused on four invasive species that are widely spread in the French Pyrenees, Buddleja davidii, Reynoutria japonica, Spiraea japonica and Impatiens glandulifera, and analyzed their visual advertisement signals with respect to those displayed by their surrounding native species using a perceptual approach based on the neural mechanisms of bee vision given that bees are regular pollinators of these plants. We collected 543 spectral reflections from the 4 invasive species, and 66 native species and estimated achromatic and chromatic similarities to the bee eye. R. japonica, S. japonica and B. davidii were inconspicuous against the foliage background and could be hardly discriminated in terms of color from their surrounding native plants. These characteristics promote generalization, potentially attracting pollinators foraging on similar native species. Two morphs of I. glandulifera were both highly salient in chromatic and achromatic terms and different from their surrounding native species. This distinctive identity facilitates detection and learning in association with rich nectar. While visual signals are not the only sensory cue accounting for invasive-plant success, our study reveals new elements for understanding biological invasion processes from the perspective of pollinator perceptual processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dessart
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Eric Tabacchi
- Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE), UMR 53000, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National Polytechnique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Guillerme
- Laboratoire Géographie de l’Environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Giurfa
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Neuroscience Paris-Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aguiar JMRBV, Nocelli RCF, Giurfa M, Nascimento FS. Neonicotinoid effects on tropical bees: Imidacloprid impairs innate appetitive responsiveness, learning and memory in the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162859. [PMID: 36933743 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Together with other anthropogenic factors, pesticides play a major role in pollinator decline worldwide. Most studies on their influence on pollinators have focused on honey bees given the suitability of this insect for controlled behavioral testing and raising. Yet, studies on pesticide impact should also contemplate tropical species, which contribute a major part of biodiversity and which have remained so far neglected. Here we focused on the stingless bee Melipona quadrifasciata and asked if the widely used neonicotinoid imidacloprid disrupts its learning and memory capabilities. We fed stingless bees with 0.1, 0.5 or 1 ng of imidacloprid, tested their innate appetitive responsiveness and trained them to associate odors and sucrose reward using the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response. The same experiments were performed on Africanized honey bees. One hour after intoxication, both species decreased their innate responsiveness to sucrose but the effect was more accentuated in stingless bees. In both species, learning and memory were affected in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that pesticides have dramatic consequences on tropical bee species and claim for rational policies regulating their use in the tropics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Giurfa
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Fábio Santos Nascimento
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brief Pollination Assessment of a Critically Endangered Food-Deceptive Orchid (Cypripedium guttatum) Using a Network Approach. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060798. [PMID: 35336680 PMCID: PMC8950287 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The translocation of orchids (Orchidaceae) cannot be successful if one is unaware of their effective pollinators and plant–pollinator interactions. Cypripedium guttatum is a generalized food-deceptive orchid, which is highly threatened in the Republic of Korea, thus, requiring immediate translocation actions. Although effective pollinators of the orchid are well known in China, little is known about the pollinators in the Republic of Korea and the ecological context in which the orchid can be successfully pollinated. To briefly assess the pollination of C. guttatum prior to translocation, we conducted a one-month survey of general pollination and the community-wide plant–pollinator network properties. Over 21 h of observation, we found that an effective pollinator of the orchid was the sweat bee Lasioglossum virideglaucum. The network was significantly specialized and modular, but not significantly nested. L. virideglaucum (pollinator) and Arabis gemmifera (plant) were determined to be keystone species, based on network metrics. A total of six network modules were identified and the flower colors of the plant species belonging to the C. guttatum module were purple, white, and yellow. After comparing the daily network patterns, we found that pollination of the orchid was accomplished when various flowering plant species bloom, and the nestedness value was high. This study revealed that high plant and pollinator richness could increase the chance that the deceptive orchid would be pollinated. Our study suggests that the network properties of this food-deceptive orchid community could provide useful insight into understanding the ecologically suitable habitat for the translocation of the highly threatened orchid species C. guttatum.
Collapse
|
4
|
Avila L, Dunne E, Hofmann D, Brosi BJ. Upper-limit agricultural dietary exposure to streptomycin in the laboratory reduces learning and foraging in bumblebees. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212514. [PMID: 35135346 PMCID: PMC8826297 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the broadcast-spray application of antibiotics in US crops has increased exponentially in response to bacterial crop pathogens, but little is known about the sublethal impacts on beneficial organisms in agroecosystems. This is concerning given the key roles that microbes play in modulating insect fitness. A growing body of evidence suggests that insect gut microbiomes may play a role in learning and behaviour, which are key for the survival of pollinators and for their pollination efficacy, and which in turn could be disrupted by dietary antibiotic exposure. In the laboratory, we tested the effects of an upper-limit dietary exposure to streptomycin (200 ppm)-an antibiotic widely used to treat bacterial pathogens in crops-on bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) associative learning, foraging and stimulus avoidance behaviour. We used two operant conditioning assays: a free movement proboscis extension reflex protocol focused on short-term memory formation, and an automated radio-frequency identification tracking system focused on foraging. We show that upper-limit dietary streptomycin exposure slowed training, decreased foraging choice accuracy, increased avoidance behaviour and was associated with reduced foraging on sucrose-rewarding artificial flowers flowers. This work underscores the need to further study the impacts of antibiotic use on beneficial insects in agricultural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avila
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth Dunne
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David Hofmann
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Initiative in Theory and Modeling of Living Systems, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Berry J. Brosi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Frasnelli E. Evolution and function of neurocognitive systems in non-human animals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23487. [PMID: 34880266 PMCID: PMC8654867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Frasnelli
- CIMeC Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy. .,School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7DL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palmqvist B, Brazeau HA, Parachnowitsch AL. Differences in Floral Scent and Petal Reflectance Between Diploid and Tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.734128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome duplication in plants is thought to be a route to speciation due to cytotype incompatibility. However, to reduce cross-pollination between cytotypes in animal-pollinated species, distinctive floral phenotypes, which would allow pollinator-mediated assortative mating between flowers, are also expected. Chamerion angustifolium is a Holarctic species that forms a hybrid zone between diploid and tetraploid populations in the North American Rocky Mountains. Extensive research has shown that these cytotypes differ in many ways, including some floral traits, and that pollinators can discriminate between cytotypes, leading to assortative mating. However, two signals commonly used by insect pollinators have not been measured for this species, namely petal colour and floral scent. Using greenhouse-grown diploids and tetraploids of C. angustifolium from the ploidy hybrid-zone in the North American Rocky Mountains, we show that both floral scent signals and petal reflectance differ between cytotypes. These differences, along with differences in flower size shown previously, could help explain pollinator-mediated assortative mating observed in previous studies. However, these differences in floral phenotypes may vary in importance to pollinators. While the differences in scent included common floral volatiles readily detected by bumblebees, the differences in petal reflectance may not be perceived by bees based on their visual sensitivity across the spectra. Thus, our results suggest that differences in floral volatile emissions are more likely to contribute to pollinator discrimination between cytotypes and highlight the importance of understanding the sensory systems of pollinators when examining floral signals.
Collapse
|
7
|
Aguiar JMRBV, Ferreira GDS, Sanches PA, Bento JMS, Sazima M. What pollinators see does not match what they smell: Absence of color-fragrance association in the deceptive orchid Ionopsis utricularioides. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 182:112591. [PMID: 33333335 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many deceptive orchids present variation in floral color and fragrance. This might be advantageous for the plant, as it can disturb the associative avoidance learning of pollinators, promoting more visits to the flowers. Some studies have shown that color and fragrance can be correlated in polymorphic deceptive orchids, but these studies employed color traits based on the human visual system and not the visual perception of pollinators. Thus, we investigated the composition of the floral fragrance of Ionopsis utricularioides (Sw.) Lindl., a polymorphic deceptive orchid, and analyzed possible correlations with the floral color as seen by bees, Apis mellifera L. and Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier, using the color hexagon model. We found high color and fragrance intraspecific variation, as expected for deceptive species. However, we found no color-fragrance association in individuals, either by comparing fragrance profiles with the color variable saturation or by comparing them with the placement of individuals in the color hexagon for both bee species. This lack of correlation contradicts the biochemical pathway hypothesis, which proposes that associations between floral color and scent in polymorphic flowers arise from shared biochemical pathways. However, a complete absence of correlation between floral signals is consistent with selection arising through pollinator cognitive ecology. Lack of correlation would increase the floral variability perceived by bees, given their multimodal learning, and this variability could disrupt avoidance learning of deceptive flowers, thus enhancing the efficacy of the plant's deceptive pollination mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel de Souza Ferreira
- Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP) at the Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstr. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Alessandra Sanches
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - José Mauricio Simões Bento
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ), Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Marlies Sazima
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-865, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Z, Ying Z, Wu Z, Yang Y, Fu S, Xu W, Yao L, Zeng A, Huang J, Lan S, Wang X, Liu Z. Anthocyanin Genes Involved in the Flower Coloration Mechanisms of Cymbidium kanran. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:737815. [PMID: 34712257 PMCID: PMC8545884 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.737815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Orchidaceae, otherwise known as orchids, is one of the largest plant families and is renowned for its spectacular flowers and ecological adaptations. Various polymorphisms of orchid flower colour can attract pollinators and be recognised as valuable horticultural ornamentals. As one of the longest historic cultured orchids, Cymbidium kanran has been domesticated for more than 2,500 years and is an ideal species to study coloration mechanisms because of plentiful variations in floral coloration and abundant traditional varieties. In this study, we used two distinct colour-type flowers of C. kanran as experimental materials to elucidate the mechanism of flower coloration. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that anthocyanins in purple-red-type flowers include three types of anthocyanidin aglycones, peonidin, malvidin, and cyanidin, whereas anthocyanins are lacking in white-type flowers. Through comparative transcriptome sequencing, 102 candidate genes were identified as putative homologues of colour-related genes. Based on comprehensive correlation analysis between colour-related compounds and gene expression profiles, four candidates from 102 captured genes showed a positive correlation with anthocyanidin biosynthesis. Furthermore, transient expression of CkCHS-1, CkDFR, and CkANS by particle bombardment confirmed that recovery of their expression completed the anthocyanin pathway and produced anthocyanin compounds in white-type flowers. Collectively, this study provided a comprehensive transcriptomic dataset for Cymbidium, which significantly facilitate our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of regulating floral pigment accumulation in orchids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhou
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ying
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangbin Fu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wan Xu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aiping Zeng
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaole Wang
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaole Wang
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
- Zhongjian Liu
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiménez-López FJ, Ortiz PL, Talavera M, Arista M. Reproductive Assurance Maintains Red-Flowered Plants of Lysimachia arvensis in Mediterranean Populations Despite Inbreeding Depression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:563110. [PMID: 33324430 PMCID: PMC7725749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.563110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flower color polymorphism, an infrequent but phylogenetically widespread condition in plants, is captivating because it can only be maintained under a few selective regimes but also because it can drive intra-morph assortative mating and promote speciation. Lysimachia arvensis is a polymorphic species with red or blue flowered morphs. In polymorphic populations, which are mostly Mediterranean, pollinators prefer blue-flowered plants to the red ones, and abiotic factors also favors blue-flowered plants. We hypothesize that the red morph is maintained in Mediterranean areas due to its selfing capacity. We assessed inbreeding depression in both color morphs in two Mediterranean populations and genetic diversity was studied via SSR microsatellites in 20 natural populations. Results showed that only 44-47% of selfed progeny of the red plants reached reproduction while about 72-91% of blue morph progeny did it. Between-morph genetic differentiation was high and the red morph had a lower genetic diversity and a higher inbreeding coefficient, mainly in the Mediterranean. Results suggest that selfing maintaining the red morph in Mediterranean areas despite its inbreeding depression. In addition, genetic differentiation between morphs suggests a low gene flow between them, suggesting reproductive isolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Jiménez-López
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garcia JE, Phillips RD, Peter CI, Dyer AG. Changing How Biologists View Flowers-Color as a Perception Not a Trait. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:601700. [PMID: 33329670 PMCID: PMC7710862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.601700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Studying flower color evolution can be challenging as it may require several different areas of expertise, ranging from botany and ecology through to understanding color sensing of insects and thus how they perceive flower signals. Whilst studies often view plant-pollinator interactions from the plant's perspective, there is growing evidence from psychophysics studies that pollinators have their own complex decision making processes depending on their perception of color, viewing conditions and individual experience. Mimicry of rewarding flowers by orchids is a fascinating system for studying the pollinator decision making process, as rewarding model flowering plants and mimics can be clearly characterized. Here, we focus on a system where the rewardless orchid Eulophia zeyheriana mimics the floral color of Wahlenbergia cuspidata (Campanulaceae) to attract its pollinator species, a halictid bee. Using recently developed psychophysics principles, we explore whether the color perception of an insect observer encountering variable model and mimic flower color signals can help explain why species with non-rewarding flowers can exist in nature. Our approach involves the use of color discrimination functions rather than relying on discrimination thresholds, and the use of statistical distributions to model intraspecific color variations. Results show that whilst an experienced insect observer can frequently make accurate discriminations between mimic and rewarding flowers, intraspecific signal variability leads to overlap in the perceived color, which will frequently confuse an inexperienced pollinator. This new perspective provides an improved way to incorporate pollinator decision making into the complex field of plant-pollinator interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jair E. Garcia
- Bio-Inspired Digital Sensing Laboratory (BIDS Lab), School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan D. Phillips
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, Kings Park Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Craig I. Peter
- Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - Adrian G. Dyer
- Bio-Inspired Digital Sensing Laboratory (BIDS Lab), School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|