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Putra R, Tölle M, Krämer U, Müller C. Effects of metal amendment and metalloid supplementation on foliar defences are plant accession-specific in the hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. Biometals 2024; 37:649-669. [PMID: 37874491 PMCID: PMC11101560 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution by metals and metalloids as a consequence of anthropogenic industrialisation exerts a seriously damaging impact on ecosystems. However, certain plant species, termed hyperaccumulators, are able to accumulate extraordinarily high concentrations of these metal(loid)s in their aboveground tissues. Such hyperaccumulation of metal(loid)s is known to act as a defence against various antagonists, such as herbivores and pathogens. We investigated the influences of metal(loid)s on potential defence traits, such as foliar elemental, organic and mechanical defences, in the hyperaccumulator plant species Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) by artificially amending the soil with common metallic pollutants, namely cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). Additionally, unamended and metal-amended soils were supplemented with the metalloid silicon (Si) to study whether Si could alleviate metal excess. Individuals originating from one non-/low- and two moderately to highly metal-contaminated sites with different metal concentrations (hereafter called accessions) were grown for eight weeks in a full-factorial design under standardised conditions. There were significant interactive effects of metal amendment and Si supplementation on foliar concentrations of certain elements (Zn, Si, aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), potassium (K) and sulfur (S), but these were accession-specific. Profiles of glucosinolates, characteristic organic defences of Brassicaceae, were distinct among accessions, and the composition was affected by soil metal amendment. Moreover, plants grown on metal-amended soil contained lower concentrations of total glucosinolates in one of the accessions, which suggests a potential trade-off between inorganic defence acquisition and biosynthesis of organic defence. The density of foliar trichomes, as a proxy for the first layer of mechanical defence, was also influenced by metal amendment and/or Si supplementation in an accession-dependent manner. Our study highlights the importance of examining the effects of co-occurring metal(loid)s in soil on various foliar defence traits in different accessions of a hyperaccumulating species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocky Putra
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Max Tölle
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ute Krämer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Physiology of Plants, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Naeem M, Gill R, Gill SS, Singh K, Sofo A, Tuteja N. Editorial: Emerging contaminants and their effect on agricultural crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1296252. [PMID: 37941663 PMCID: PMC10628685 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1296252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Naeem
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ritu Gill
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | | | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Adriano Sofo
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Narendra Tuteja
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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de Tombeur F, Raven JA, Toussaint A, Lambers H, Cooke J, Hartley SE, Johnson SN, Coq S, Katz O, Schaller J, Violle C. Why do plants silicify? Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:275-288. [PMID: 36428125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite seminal papers that stress the significance of silicon (Si) in plant biology and ecology, most studies focus on manipulations of Si supply and mitigation of stresses. The ecological significance of Si varies with different levels of biological organization, and remains hard to capture. We show that the costs of Si accumulation are greater than is currently acknowledged, and discuss potential links between Si and fitness components (growth, survival, reproduction), environment, and ecosystem functioning. We suggest that Si is more important in trait-based ecology than is currently recognized. Si potentially plays a significant role in many aspects of plant ecology, but knowledge gaps prevent us from understanding its possible contribution to the success of some clades and the expansion of specific biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix de Tombeur
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France; School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, UK; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Aurèle Toussaint
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Julia Cooke
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Sue E Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Scott N Johnson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Sylvain Coq
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ofir Katz
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Mount Masada, Tamar Regional Council, Israel; Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat, Israel
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Mukarram M, Khan MMA, Kurjak D, Lux A, Corpas FJ. Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) restore photosynthesis and essential oil content by upgrading enzymatic antioxidant metabolism in lemongrass ( Cymbopogon flexuosus) under salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1116769. [PMID: 36875580 PMCID: PMC9981966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) has great relevance considering the substantial commercial potential of its essential oil. Nevertheless, the increasing soil salinity poses an imminent threat to lemongrass cultivation given its moderate salt-sensitivity. For this, we used silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) to stimulate salt tolerance in lemongrass considering SiNPs special relevance to stress settings. Five foliar sprays of SiNPs 150 mg L-1 were applied weekly to NaCl 160 and 240 mM-stressed plants. The data indicated that SiNPs minimised oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content) while triggering a general activation of growth, photosynthetic performance, enzymatic antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), and osmolyte proline (PRO). SiNPs amplified stomatal conductance and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate by about 24% and 21% in NaCl 160 mM-stressed plants. Associated benefits contributed to pronounced plant phenotype over their stressed counterparts, as we found. Foliar SiNPs sprays assuaged plant height by 30% and 64%, dry weight by 31% and 59%, and leaf area by 31% and 50% under NaCl 160 and 240 mM concentrations, respectively. SiNPs relieved enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, POD) and osmolyte (PRO) in lemongrass plants stressed with NaCl 160 mM (9%, 11%, 9%, and 12%, respectively) and NaCl 240 mM (13%, 18%, 15%, and 23%, respectively). The same treatment supported the oil biosynthesis improving essential oil content by 22% and 44% during 160 and 240 mM salt stress, respectively. We found SiNPs can completely overcome NaCl 160 mM stress while significantly palliating NaCl 240 mM stress. Thus, we propose that SiNPs can be a useful biotechnological tool to palliate salinity stress in lemongrass and related crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture Group, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Katz O, Puppe D, Kaczorek D, Prakash NB, Schaller J. Silicon in the Soil-Plant Continuum: Intricate Feedback Mechanisms within Ecosystems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:652. [PMID: 33808069 PMCID: PMC8066056 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants' ability to take up silicon from the soil, accumulate it within their tissues and then reincorporate it into the soil through litter creates an intricate network of feedback mechanisms in ecosystems. Here, we provide a concise review of silicon's roles in soil chemistry and physics and in plant physiology and ecology, focusing on the processes that form these feedback mechanisms. Through this review and analysis, we demonstrate how this feedback network drives ecosystem processes and affects ecosystem functioning. Consequently, we show that Si uptake and accumulation by plants is involved in several ecosystem services like soil appropriation, biomass supply, and carbon sequestration. Considering the demand for food of an increasing global population and the challenges of climate change, a detailed understanding of the underlying processes of these ecosystem services is of prime importance. Silicon and its role in ecosystem functioning and services thus should be the main focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Katz
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Mt. Masada, Tamar Regional Council, 86910 Tamar, Israel
- Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Hatmarim Blv, 8855630 Eilat, Israel
| | - Daniel Puppe
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (D.P.); (D.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Danuta Kaczorek
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (D.P.); (D.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Soil Environment Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), 02776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nagabovanalli B. Prakash
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; (D.P.); (D.K.); (J.S.)
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Younas HS, Abid M, Shaaban M, Ashraf M. Influence of silicon and chitosan on growth and physiological attributes of maize in a saline field. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:387-397. [PMID: 33707876 PMCID: PMC7907294 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00940-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is the main constraint for crop productivity in many parts of the world. Application of silicon (Si) and chitosan (Chi) can improve crop growth under saline soil conditions. The current study was aimed to examine the effects of Si and Chi on mitigation of salinity, morphological and physiological attributes as well as the antioxidant system of maize (Zea mays L.) under saline soil conditions. A field experiment was conducted that comprised of nine treatments as follows: (i) Control (no amendment), (ii) Silicon 40 kg ha-1 (Si1), (iii) Chitosan 15 kg ha-1 (Chi1), (iv) Si1 + Chi1, (v) Silicon 80 kg ha-1 (Si2), (vi) Chitosan 30 kg ha-1 (Chi2), (vii) Si2 + Chi2, (viii) Si1 + Chi2 and (ix) Si2 + Chi1. Application of Si and Chi substantially improved the morphological and physiological attributes as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of maize plants, and combined application of Si and Chi was more effective when compared with Si and Chi treatments separately. Membrane stability index was improved by 25%, relative water content by 26%, chlorophyll a by 69% and b by 56% with combined application of Si and chitosan (Si2 + Chi2) compared with control. The SOD, POD and CAT increased by 36%, 38% and 65% with Si2 + Chi2 compared with control. The results suggest that Si and Chi application is the possible option for alleviating salinity stress in maize plant. Further research is suggested to examine Si and Chi effects on various crop's growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Samra Younas
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
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Gómez-Merino FC, Trejo-Téllez LI, García-Jiménez A, Escobar-Sepúlveda HF, Ramírez-Olvera SM. Silicon flow from root to shoot in pepper: a comprehensive in silico analysis reveals a potential linkage between gene expression and hormone signaling that stimulates plant growth and metabolism. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10053. [PMID: 33194376 PMCID: PMC7648454 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon (Si) is categorized as a quasi-essential element for plants thanks to the benefits on growth, development and metabolism in a hormetic manner. Si uptake is cooperatively mediated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. Nevertheless, Lsi channels have not yet been identified and characterized in pepper (Capsicum annuum), while genes involved in major physiological processes in pepper are Si-regulated. Furthermore, Si and phytohormones may act together in regulating plant growth, metabolism and tolerance against stress. Our aim was to identify potential synergies between Si and phytohormones stimulating growth and metabolism in pepper, based on in silico data. Methods We established a hydroponic system to test the effect of Si (0, 60, 125 and 250 mg L−1 Si) on the concentrations of this element in different pepper plant tissues. We also performed an in silico analysis of putative Lsi genes from pepper and other species, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Arabidopsis thaliana, to look for cis-acting elements responsive to phytohormones in their promoter regions. With the Lsi1 and Lsi2 protein sequences from various plant species, we performed a phylogenetic analysis. Taking into consideration the Lsi genes retrieved from tomato, potato and Arabidopsis, an expression profiling analysis in different plant tissues was carried out. Expression of Si-regulated genes was also analyzed in response to phytohormones and different plant tissues and developmental stages in Arabidopsis. Results Si concentrations in plant tissues exhibited the following gradient: roots > stems > leaves. We were able to identify 16 Lsi1 and three Lsi2 genes in silico in the pepper genome, while putative Lsi homologs were also found in other plant species. They were mainly expressed in root tissues in the genomes analyzed. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes displayed cis-acting elements responsive to diverse phytohormones. In Arabidopsis, Si-regulated genes were transcriptionally active in most tissues analyzed, though at different expressed levels. From the set of Si-responsive genes, the NOCS2 gene was highly expressed in germinated seeds, whereas RABH1B, and RBCS-1A, were moderately expressed in developed flowers. All genes analyzed showed responsiveness to phytohormones and phytohormone precursors. Conclusion Pepper root cells are capable of absorbing Si, but small amounts of this element are transported to the upper parts of the plant. We could identify putative Si influx (Lsi1) and efflux (Lsi2) channels that potentially participate in the absorption and transport of Si, since they are mainly expressed in roots. Both Lsi and Si-regulated genes exhibit cis-regulatory elements in their promoter regions, which are involved in phytohormone responses, pointing to a potential connection among Si, phytohormones, plant growth, and other vital physiological processes triggered by Si in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez
- Department of Soil Science, Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Atonaltzin García-Jiménez
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Postgraduates in Agricultural Sciences, Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico
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