1
|
Maddhesiya J, Mohapatra B. Understanding the Genetic and Non-genetic Interconnections in the Aetiology of Isolated Congenital Heart Disease: An Updated Review: Part 1. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:147-165. [PMID: 38546930 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequently occurring birth defect. Majority of the earlier reviews focussed on the association of genetic factors with CHD. A few epidemiological studies provide convincing evidence for environmental factors in the causation of CHD. Although the multifactorial theory of gene-environment interaction is the prevailing explanation, explicit understanding of the biological mechanism(s) involved, remains obscure. Nonetheless, integration of all the information into one platform would enable us to better understand the collective risk implicated in CHD development. RECENT FINDINGS Great strides in novel genomic technologies namely, massive parallel sequencing, whole exome sequencing, multiomics studies supported by system-biology have greatly improved our understanding of the aetiology of CHD. Molecular genetic studies reveal that cardiac specific gene variants in transcription factors or signalling molecules, or structural proteins could cause CHD. Additionally, non-hereditary contributors such as exposure to teratogens, maternal nutrition, parental age and lifestyle factors also contribute to induce CHD. Moreover, DNA methylation and non-coding RNA are also correlated with CHD. Here, we inform that a complex combination of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors interact to interfere with morphogenetic processes of cardiac development leading to CHD. It is important, not only to identify individual genetic and non-inherited risk factors but also to recognize which factors interact mutually, causing cardiac defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Maddhesiya
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Wu JC. Deciphering Congenital Heart Disease Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:239-252. [PMID: 38884715 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of birth defect-related death. Despite significant advances, the mechanisms underlying the development of CHD are complex and remain elusive due to a lack of efficient, reproducible, and translational model systems. Investigations relied on animal models have inherent limitations due to interspecies differences. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as an effective platform for disease modeling. iPSCs allow for the production of a limitless supply of patient-specific somatic cells that enable advancement in cardiovascular precision medicine. Over the past decade, researchers have developed protocols to differentiate iPSCs to multiple cardiovascular lineages, as well as to enhance the maturity and functionality of these cells. With the development of physiologic three-dimensional cardiac organoids, iPSCs represent a powerful platform to mechanistically dissect CHD and serve as a foundation for future translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Harvey DC, Verma R, Sedaghat B, Hjelm BE, Morton SU, Seidman JG, Kumar SR. Mutations in genes related to myocyte contraction and ventricular septum development in non-syndromic tetralogy of Fallot. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1249605. [PMID: 37840956 PMCID: PMC10569225 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1249605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Eighty percent of patients with a diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) do not have a known genetic etiology or syndrome. We sought to identify key molecular pathways and biological processes that are enriched in non-syndromic TOF, the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, rather than single driver genes to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. Methods We undertook exome sequencing of 362 probands with non-syndromic TOF and their parents within the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium (PCGC). We identified rare (minor allele frequency <1 × 10-4), de novo variants to ascertain pathways and processes affected in this population to better understand TOF pathogenesis. Pathways and biological processes enriched in the PCGC TOF cohort were compared to 317 controls without heart defects (and their parents) from the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI). Results A total of 120 variants in 117 genes were identified as most likely to be deleterious, with CHD7, CLUH, UNC13C, and WASHC5 identified in two probands each. Gene ontology analyses of these variants using multiple bioinformatic tools demonstrated significant enrichment in processes including cell cycle progression, chromatin remodeling, myocyte contraction and calcium transport, and development of the ventricular septum and ventricle. There was also a significant enrichment of target genes of SOX9, which is critical in second heart field development and whose loss results in membranous ventricular septal defects related to disruption of the proximal outlet septum. None of these processes was significantly enriched in the SFARI control cohort. Conclusion Innate molecular defects in cardiac progenitor cells and genes related to their viability and contractile function appear central to non-syndromic TOF pathogenesis. Future research utilizing our results is likely to have significant implications in stratification of TOF patients and delivery of personalized clinical care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drayton C. Harvey
- Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Riya Verma
- Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brandon Sedaghat
- Department of Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University School of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brooke E. Hjelm
- Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah U. Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jon G. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S. Ram Kumar
- Departments of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chan CH, Lam YY, Wong N, Geng L, Zhang J, Ahola V, Zare A, Li RA, Lanner F, Keung W, Cheung YF. Abnormal developmental trajectory and vulnerability to cardiac arrhythmias in tetralogy of Fallot with DiGeorge syndrome. Commun Biol 2023; 6:969. [PMID: 37740059 PMCID: PMC10516936 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. Ventricular dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias are well-documented complications in patients with repaired TOF. Whether intrinsic abnormalities exist in TOF cardiomyocytes is unknown. We establish human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from TOF patients with and without DiGeorge (DG) syndrome, the latter being the most commonly associated syndromal association of TOF. TOF-DG hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) show impaired ventricular specification, downregulated cardiac gene expression and upregulated neural gene expression. Transcriptomic profiling of the in vitro cardiac progenitors reveals early bifurcation, as marked by ectopic RGS13 expression, in the trajectory of TOF-DG-hiPSC cardiac differentiation. Functional assessments further reveal increased arrhythmogenicity in TOF-DG-hiPSC-CMs. These findings are found only in the TOF-DG but not TOF-with no DG (ND) patient-derived hiPSC-CMs and cardiac progenitors (CPs), which have implications on the worse clinical outcomes of TOF-DG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ho Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin-Yu Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicodemus Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Geng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jilin Zhang
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Hong Kong node, Karolinska Institutet, Units 608-613 Building 15 Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Virpi Ahola
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Hong Kong node, Karolinska Institutet, Units 608-613 Building 15 Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aman Zare
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Hong Kong node, Karolinska Institutet, Units 608-613 Building 15 Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Adolphus Li
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Hong Kong node, Karolinska Institutet, Units 608-613 Building 15 Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Stockholm node, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavagen 9, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wendy Keung
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiu-Fai Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Hong Kong node, Karolinska Institutet, Units 608-613 Building 15 Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong - Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mansfield C, Zhao MT, Basu M. Translational potential of hiPSCs in predictive modeling of heart development and disease. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:926-947. [PMID: 35261209 PMCID: PMC9458775 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) represents a major class of birth defects worldwide and is associated with cardiac malformations that often require surgical intervention immediately after birth. Despite the intense efforts from multicentric genome/exome sequencing studies that have identified several genetic variants, the etiology of CHD remains diverse and often unknown. Genetically modified animal models with candidate gene deficiencies continue to provide novel molecular insights that are responsible for fetal cardiac development. However, the past decade has seen remarkable advances in the field of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based disease modeling approaches to better understand the development of CHD and discover novel preventative therapies. The iPSCs are derived from reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to an embryonic-like pluripotent state via overexpression of key transcription factors. In this review, we describe how differentiation of hiPSCs to specialized cardiac cellular identities facilitates our understanding of the development and pathogenesis of CHD subtypes. We summarize the molecular and functional characterization of hiPSC-derived differentiated cells in support of normal cardiogenesis, those that go awry in CHD and other heart diseases. We illustrate how stem cell-based disease modeling enables scientists to dissect the molecular mechanisms of cell-cell interactions underlying CHD. We highlight the current state of hiPSC-based studies that are in the verge of translating into clinical trials. We also address limitations including hiPSC-model reproducibility and scalability and differentiation methods leading to cellular heterogeneity. Last, we provide future perspective on exploiting the potential of hiPSC technology as a predictive model for patient-specific CHD, screening pharmaceuticals, and provide a source for cell-based personalized medicine. In combination with existing clinical and animal model studies, data obtained from hiPSCs will yield further understanding of oligogenic, gene-environment interaction, pathophysiology, and management for CHD and other genetic cardiac disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrin Mansfield
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang J, Wang C, Xie H, Feng X, Wei L, Wang B, Li T, Pi M, Gong L. Case Report: Tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese Family Caused by a Novel Missense Variant of MYOM2. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:863650. [PMID: 35872890 PMCID: PMC9300848 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.863650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rare genetic variants have been identified to be important contributors to the risk of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). But relatively limited familial studies with small numbers of TOF cases have been reported to date. In this study, we aimed to identify novel pathogenic genes and variants that caused TOF in a Chinese family using whole exome sequencing (WES). Methods A Chinese family whose twins were affected by TOF were recruited for this study. A WES was performed for the affected twins, their healthy brother, and parents to identify the potential pathogenic mutated gene(s). Heterozygous variants carried by the twins, but not the unaffected brother, were retained. Public databases were used to assess the frequencies of the selected variants, and online prediction tools were accessed to predict the influences of these variants on protein function. The final candidate variant was further confirmed by Sanger sequencing in other members of the family. Results After several filtering processes, a heterozygous missense variant in the MYOM2 gene (NM_003970.4:c.3097C>T:p.R1033C) was identified and confirmed by Sanger sequencing in the affected twins and their unaffected father, suggesting an inheritance pattern with incomplete penetrance. The variant was found to be extremely rare in the public databases. Furthermore, the mutated site was highly conserved among mammals, and as shown using multiple online prediction tools, this variant was predicted to be a detrimental variant. Conclusion We assessed a family with TOF caused by a rare heterozygous missense variant of MYOM2. Our findings not only further confirm the significant role of genetics in the incidence of TOF but also expand the spectrum of the gene variants that lead to TOF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Feng
- Department of Echocardiography, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Tengyan Li
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Mingan Pi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Mingan Pi
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Li Gong
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Charles S, Sreekumar J, Natarajan J. Transcriptomic meta-analysis reveals biomarker pairs and key pathways in Tetralogy of Fallot. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2022; 20:2240004. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219720022400042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Rufaihah AJ, Chen CK, Yap CH, Mattar CNZ. Mending a broken heart: In vitro, in vivo and in silico models of congenital heart disease. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:14/3/dmm047522. [PMID: 33787508 PMCID: PMC8033415 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects contribute to ∼0.3% of global infant mortality in the first month of life, and congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect among newborns worldwide. Despite the significant impact on human health, most treatments available for this heterogenous group of disorders are palliative at best. For this reason, the complex process of cardiogenesis, governed by multiple interlinked and dose-dependent pathways, is well investigated. Tissue, animal and, more recently, computerized models of the developing heart have facilitated important discoveries that are helping us to understand the genetic, epigenetic and mechanobiological contributors to CHD aetiology. In this Review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of different models of normal and abnormal cardiogenesis, ranging from single-cell systems and 3D cardiac organoids, to small and large animals and organ-level computational models. These investigative tools have revealed a diversity of pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to CHD, including genetic pathways, epigenetic regulators and shear wall stresses, paving the way for new strategies for screening and non-surgical treatment of CHD. As we discuss in this Review, one of the most-valuable advances in recent years has been the creation of highly personalized platforms with which to study individual diseases in clinically relevant settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jalil Rufaihah
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228.,Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat -National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Citra N Z Mattar
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228 .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore 119228
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Auxerre-Plantié E, Nielsen T, Grunert M, Olejniczak O, Perrot A, Özcelik C, Harries D, Matinmehr F, Dos Remedios C, Mühlfeld C, Kraft T, Bodmer R, Vogler G, Sperling SR. Identification of MYOM2 as a candidate gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Tetralogy of Fallot, and its functional evaluation in the Drosophila heart. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm045377. [PMID: 33033063 PMCID: PMC7758640 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.045377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal genetic underpinnings of congenital heart diseases, which are often complex and multigenic, are still far from understood. Moreover, there are also predominantly monogenic heart defects, such as cardiomyopathies, with known disease genes for the majority of cases. In this study, we identified mutations in myomesin 2 (MYOM2) in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic heart malformation, as well as in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), who do not exhibit any mutations in the known disease genes. MYOM2 is a major component of the myofibrillar M-band of the sarcomere, and a hub gene within interactions of sarcomere genes. We show that patient-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit myofibrillar disarray and reduced passive force with increasing sarcomere lengths. Moreover, our comprehensive functional analyses in the Drosophila animal model reveal that the so far uncharacterized fly gene CG14964 [herein referred to as Drosophila myomesin and myosin binding protein (dMnM)] may be an ortholog of MYOM2, as well as other myosin binding proteins. Its partial loss of function or moderate cardiac knockdown results in cardiac dilation, whereas more severely reduced function causes a constricted phenotype and an increase in sarcomere myosin protein. Moreover, compound heterozygous combinations of CG14964 and the sarcomere gene Mhc (MYH6/7) exhibited synergistic genetic interactions. In summary, our results suggest that MYOM2 not only plays a critical role in maintaining robust heart function but may also be a candidate gene for heart diseases such as HCM and TOF, as it is clearly involved in the development of the heart.This article has an associated First Person interview with Emilie Auxerre-Plantié and Tanja Nielsen, joint first authors of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Auxerre-Plantié
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Nielsen
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Grunert
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Olejniczak
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Perrot
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cemil Özcelik
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Harries
- Medical School of Hannover, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Faramarz Matinmehr
- Medical School of Hannover, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Cristobal Dos Remedios
- Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Medical School of Hannover, Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Georg Vogler
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Silke R Sperling
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grunert M, Appelt S, Grossfeld P, Sperling SR. The Needle in the Haystack-Searching for Genetic and Epigenetic Differences in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Tetralogy of Fallot. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040055. [PMID: 33276527 PMCID: PMC7761217 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defect in human with an incidence of almost 1% of all live births. Most cases have a multifactorial origin with both genetics and the environment playing a role in its development and progression. Adding an epigenetic component to this aspect is exemplified by monozygotic twins which share the same genetic background but have a different disease status. As a result, the interplay between the genetic, epigenetic and the environmental conditions might contribute to the etiology and phenotype. To date, the underlying causes of the majority of CHDs remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed genome-wide high-throughput sequencing to examine the genetic, structural genomic and epigenetic differences of two identical twin pairs discordant for Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), representing the most common cyanotic form of CHDs. Our results show the almost identical genetic and structural genomic identity of the twins. In contrast, several epigenetic alterations could be observed given by DNA methylation changes in regulatory regions of known cardiac-relevant genes. Overall, this study provides first insights into the impact of genetic and especially epigenetic factors underlying monozygotic twins discordant for CHD like TOF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Grunert
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.); (S.A.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Appelt
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.); (S.A.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Grossfeld
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, Rady’s Hospital MC 5004, San Diego, CA 92123, USA;
| | - Silke R. Sperling
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.G.); (S.A.)
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30450540123
| |
Collapse
|