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Wu Y, Liu X, Liu Y, Qian W, Huang L, Wu Y, Wang X, Yuan Y, Ke B. Assessment of OCT-Based Macular Curvature and Its Relationship with Macular Microvasculature in Children with Anisomyopia. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:1909-1924. [PMID: 38743158 PMCID: PMC11178709 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate the intraocular differences in optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based macular curvature index (MCI) among children with anisomyopia and to investigate the relationship between MCI and the macular microvasculature. METHODS Fifty-two schoolchildren with anisometropia > 2.00 D were enrolled and underwent comprehensive examinations including cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), and swept source OCT/OCT angiography. OCT-based MCIs were determined from horizontal and vertical B-scans by a customized curve fitting model in MATLAB R2022 at 1-mm-, 3-mm-, and 6-mm-diameter circles at fovea. Characteristics and topographic variation of MCI was analyzed, and the relationships with microvascularity and its associated factors were investigated. RESULTS MCI achieved high reliability and repeatability. There were overall larger MCIs in the more myopic eyes than the less myopic eyes in 1-mm-, 3-mm-, and 6-mm-diameter circles at fovea (all p < 0.001). For the topographic variation, horizontal MCI was significantly greater than vertical MCI (all p < 0.001), and was the largest in 6-mm circle, followed by 3-mm and 1-mm circles. Stronger correlation of horizontal MCI with myopic severity than vertical MCI was found. Partial Pearson's correlation found MCI was negatively associated with deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel density (p = 0.016). Eyes with a higher MCI in a 6-mm circle were more likely to have longer AL (p < 0.001), lower DCP vessel density (p = 0.037), and thinner choroidal thickness (ChT) (p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Larger MCI was found in the more myopic eyes of children with anisomyopia and was significantly associated with smaller DCP density, suggesting that MCI was an important indicator of myopia-related retinal microvascularity change, and it could be a valuable metric for myopia assessment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhe Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Liandi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuetong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bilian Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Erdinest N, Atar-Vardi M, Lavy I, London N, Landau D, Pras E, Morad Y. Effective Decrease in Myopia Progression With Two Mechanisms of Management. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2024; 61:204-210. [PMID: 38112389 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20231120-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain the effectiveness of 0.01% atropine treatment to inhibit myopia progression and the possible additive potency with peripheral defocus contact lenses over 3 years and the rebound effect 1 year after cessation of treatment. METHODS This prospective study included 127 children aged 8 to 5 years, divided into three treatment groups: 0.01% atropine and single-vision spectacles (At+SV, n = 36), 0.01% atropine and peripheral defocus contact lens (At+PDCL, n = 30), and 0.01% atropine and dual-focus contact lens (At+DF, n = 25). A control group was prescribed single-vision spectacles (n = 36). Cycloplegic spherical equivalence refraction was measured every 6 months during 3 years of treatment and 1 year after cessation. RESULTS Myopia progression decreased over 3 years of treatment, more during the second and third years than the first year, to a statistically significant degree in the atropine groups (P < .01): in the first, second, and third years, respectively, -0.42 ± 0.34, -0.19 ± 0.18, -0.22 ± 0.19 diopters (D) in the At+SV group, -0.26 ± 0.21, -0.14 ± 0.37, and -0.15 ± 0.31 D in the At+PDCL group, and -0.22 ± 0.15, -0.15 ± 0.22, and -0.11 ± 0.14 D in the At+DF group. Myopia progressed 1 year after cessation of treatment: -0.29 ± 0.28 D in the At+SV group, -0.13 ± 0.28 D in the At+PDCL group, and -0.09 ± 0.18 D in the At+DF group. After 3 years, there was no statistically significant difference in myopia progression between the At+SV and At+PDCL or At+DF groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Low-dose atropine has been substantiated in this cohort as an effective treatment to decelerate myopia progression over 3 years, more effective in the second and third years of treatment. The combination treatment did not exhibit a statistically significant advantage over monotherapy in this cohort. The At+DF group exhibited a statistically lower rebound effect than the At+SV group. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2024;61(3):204-210.].
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Orduna-Hospital E, Crespo-Castan C, Ávila FJ, Sanchez-Cano A. Adaptive Illuminance Effects on Retinal Morphology and Refraction: A Comprehensive Study of Night Myopia. J Clin Med 2023; 13:211. [PMID: 38202218 PMCID: PMC10779901 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the optical and retinal modifications that occur after adapting to different lighting conditions including photopic, mesopic, scotopic, blue light and red light conditions. METHODS Thirty young healthy subjects with a mean age of 23.57 ± 3.45 years were involved in the study (both eyes included). They underwent aberrometry and optical coherence tomography at both the central and peripheral retina with the 3 × 3 mm2 macular cube protocol before starting adaptation to the illuminations (baseline) and after remaining for 5 min under the five different lighting conditions inside a controlled lighting cabinet. RESULTS Significant myopization (p = 0.002) was observed under scotopic and mesopic lighting conditions, while hypermetropization occurred under the influence of blue LED light. In the central retina, a significant thickening of the inner temporal (p = 0.025) and outer inferior (p = 0.021) areas was observed in the scotopic area, and the thickening increased even more under blue and red light. The mean central thickness decreased significantly under photopic lighting conditions (p = 0.038). There was an increase in the mean volume of the central retinal area with red light and a reduction in the volume under photopic lighting (p = 0.039). In the peripheral retina, no significant thickness changes were observed after adapting to any of the lighting conditions (p > 0.05). Regarding morphological changes, a significant increase in retinal eccentricity (p = 0.045) and the shape factor (p = 0.036) was found. In addition, a significant correlation was found only between the eccentricity and volume of the central retina in scotopic conditions (r = -0.265; p = 0.041), meaning that a higher volume was associated with lower retinal eccentricity. CONCLUSIONS When exposed to different lighting conditions, the retina changes in shape, and ocular refraction is modified to adapt to each condition, revealing the phenomenon of night myopia when transitioning from photopic to scotopic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Orduna-Hospital
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.C.-C.); (F.J.Á.); (A.S.-C.)
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Raciborska A, Sidorczuk P, Konopińska J, Dmuchowska DA. Interocular Symmetry of Choroidal Parameters in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy with and without Diabetic Macular Edema. J Clin Med 2023; 13:176. [PMID: 38202183 PMCID: PMC10779809 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the interocular comparison of choroidal parameters in diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) with and without diabetic macular edema (DME), as well as in patients with unilateral DME (present in only one eye). The aim of this study was to determine the symmetry in order to obtain better insights into the pathophysiology of diabetic choroidopathy. This retrospective single-center cross-sectional study included 170 eyes from 85 patients (61 with DR and 24 controls), divided into subgroups depending on the presence of DME. The patients underwent fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography examination, and the analysis included various choroidal parameters: choroidal thickness, volume, and the choroidal vascularity index (CVI). In terms of the choroidal thickness, one eye of a patient with DR, regardless of the presence, absence, or unilaterality of DME, may be treated as representative for that patient. CVI proved symmetrical for controls and patients with DR without DME. However, there was some asymmetry of CVI in patients with bilateral or unilateral DME. There was no straightforward relationship between choroidopathy and DME. Other mechanisms were also involved in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diana Anna Dmuchowska
- Ophthalmology Department, Medical University of Bialystok, 24a M. Sklodowskiej-Curie, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (A.R.); (J.K.)
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Hou H, Durbin MK, El-Nimri N, Fischer JL, Sadda SR. Agreement, repeatability, and reproducibility of quantitative retinal layer assessment using swept-source and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes with retinal diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1281751. [PMID: 38164223 PMCID: PMC10757970 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1281751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the agreement and precision of retinal thickness measurements obtained using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) in healthy eyes and eyes with retinopathy. Methods This cross-sectional prospective study involved three DRI-OCT Triton (SS-OCT) and three 3D-OCT-1 Maestro (SD-OCT) devices. One of each device (Maestro and Triton) was paired with a single operator. Healthy subjects and patients with retinal diseases were recruited, with study eye and testing order randomized. At least 3 scans per eye were captured for wide scan (12 mm × 9 mm-Triton and Maestro) and macular cube scan (7 mm × 7 mm-Triton, 6 mm × 6 mm-Maestro). Thickness of the full retina, ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer (GCL+), and ganglion cell complex (GCL++) were obtained from wide scan and cube scans. Agreement of the measurements between the Triton and Maestro was evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis and Deming regression for each group. Repeatability and reproducibility were assessed using a two-way random effect analysis of variance (ANOVA) model for each parameter by group. Results Twenty-five healthy subjects (25 eyes) and 26 patients with retinal diseases (26 eyes), including, but not limited to, age-related macular degeneration, macular hole, and diabetic retinopathy were recruited. Overall, the measurement differences between Triton and Maestro were <6 μm (mean differences of full retina, GCL++, and GCL+ thickness were ≤5.5 μm, 1.3 μm, and 2.8 μm, respectively) and not statistically significant across the parameters. The repeatability and reproducibility estimates indicate high precision in both devices and groups. Across all the parameters, the repeatability limit was ≤7.6 μm for Triton and ≤12.7 μm for Maestro; reproducibility limit was ≤9.2 μm for Triton and ≤14.4 μm for Maestro. In eyes with retinal pathology, the repeatability coefficient of variation (CV)% was ≤2.6% for Triton and ≤3.4% for Maestro; reproducibility CV% was ≤3.3% for Triton and ≤3.5% for Maestro. Conclusion Both Triton SS-OCT and Maestro SD-OCT provide reliable measurements of retinal thickness in healthy eyes and eyes with retinal diseases. Excellent agreement between the two devices indicates interoperability when testing healthy eyes or eyes with retinal pathology. These findings support the use of thickness measurements from Triton SS-OCT and Maestro SD-OCT in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Hou
- Topcon Healthcare, Oakland, NJ, United States
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas R. Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Kneepkens SCM, Marstal K, Polling JR, Jaddoe VWV, Vernooij MW, Poot DHJ, Klaver CCW, Tideman JWL. Eye Size and Shape in Relation to Refractive Error in Children: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:41. [PMID: 38153751 PMCID: PMC10756250 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the association between eye shape and volume measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical biometry and with spherical equivalent (SE) in children. Methods For this study, there were 3637 10-year-old children from a population-based birth-cohort study that underwent optical biometry (IOL-master 500) and T2-weighted MRI scanning (height, width, and volume). Cycloplegic refractive error was determined by automated refraction. The MRI images of the eyes were segmented using an automated algorithm combining atlas registration with voxel classification. Associations among optical biometry, anthropometry, MRI measurements, and RE were tested using Pearson correlation. Differences between refractive error groups were tested using ANOVA. Results The mean volume of the posterior segment was 6350 (±680) mm3. Myopic eyes (SE ≤ -0.5 diopters [D]) had 470 mm3 (P < 0.001) and 970 mm3 (P < 0.001) larger posterior segment volume than emmetropic and hyperopic eyes (SE ≥ +2.0D), respectively. The majority of eyes (77.1%) had an oblate shape, but 47.4% of myopic eyes had a prolate shape versus 3.9% of hyperopic eyes. The correlation between SE and MRI-derived posterior segment length (r -0.51, P < 0.001) was stronger than the correlation with height (r -0.30, P < 0.001) or width of the eye (r -0.10, P < 0.001). Conclusions In this study, eye shape at 10 years of age was predominantly oblate, even in eyes with myopia. Of all MRI measurements, posterior segment length was most prominently associated with SE. Whether eye shape predicts future myopia development or progression should be investigated in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander C. M. Kneepkens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Marstal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Roelof Polling
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthoptics, School of Applied Science Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike W. Vernooij
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk H. J. Poot
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. Willem L. Tideman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Domdei N, Ameln J, Gutnikov A, Witten JL, Holz FG, Wahl S, Harmening WM. Cone Density Is Correlated to Outer Segment Length and Retinal Thickness in the Human Foveola. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:11. [PMID: 38064229 PMCID: PMC10709802 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Assessment of the relationship between in vivo foveolar cone density, cone outer segment length (OSL), and foveal retinal thickness (RT). Methods Foveolar cone density maps covering the central ±300 µm of the retina were derived from adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images. The corresponding maps of foveal cone OSL and RT were derived from high-resolution optical coherence tomography volume scans. Alignment of the two-dimensional maps containing OSL and RT with the cone density map was achieved by placing the location of maximum OSL on the cone density centroid (CDC). Results Across 10 participants (27 ± 9 years; 6 female), cone density at the CDC was found to be between 147,038 and 215,681 cones/mm². The maximum OSL and minimum RT were found to lie between 31 and 40, and 193 and 226 µm, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between cone density at the CDC and maximum OSL (P = 0.001), as well as the minimal RT (P < 0.05). Across all participants, the best fit for the relationship between normalized cone density and normalized OSL within the central 300 µm was given by a quadratic function. Conclusions Using optical coherence tomography-derived measurements of OSL enables to estimate CDC cone density and two-dimensional foveal cone density maps for example in patient eyes unsuitable for adaptive optics imaging. Furthermore, the observation of a fixed relationship between the normalized OSL and cone density points to a conserved mechanism shaping the foveal pit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Domdei
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
| | - Julius Ameln
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jenny L Witten
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Siegfried Wahl
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Chen L, Huang Y, Zhang X, Shi Y, Gao Z, Sun B, Shen Y, Sun L, Cao Y, Zhang Q, Guo J, Li F, Chen W, Li X, Zhou X. Corneal Biomechanical Properties Demonstrate Anisotropy and Correlate With Axial Length in Myopic Eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 37477932 PMCID: PMC10365135 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.10.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the ex vivo and in vivo biomechanical characteristic of cornea in myopic eyes. Methods Fifty-one corneal stromal lenticules were obtained from myopic eyes during the SMILE procedure and were tested by a biaxial tensile system within 24 hours postoperatively. The material properties of the lenticules were described using stress-strain curves and were compared among axial length (AL) <26 mm and AL ≥ 26 mm group. Pre-operative stress-strain index (SSI) parameters were used to evaluate the biomechanical properties of the cornea in vivo. Results Compared with AL < 26 mm, the tangent modulus significantly decreased in horizontal and vertical directions when AL ≥ 26 mm (P < 0.05); SSI also significantly decreased when AL ≥ 26 mm (P < 0.05). Anisotropic parameter is positively correlated with AL (r = 0.307, P < 0.05). Compared with AL < 26 mm, anisotropic parameter significantly increased when AL ≥ 26 mm (P < 0.05). SSI was negatively correlated with AL (r = -0.380, P < 0.05) in the AL < 26 mm group but not in the AL ≥ 26 mm group (P > 0.05). Compared with 26 mm ≤ AL < 27 mm group, the tangent modulus significantly decreased in the horizontal direction (P < 0.05) but not in the vertical direction when 27 mm ≤ AL < 28 mm (P > 0.05). Conclusions The biomechanical properties of cornea decreased with the increase of AL. Tangent modulus significantly decreased in the horizontal direction compared with vertical direction. AL should be taken into account during calculation of corneal biomechanical parameters in order to improve validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yangyi Huang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Yike Shi
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bingqing Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Cao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiqiang Guo
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fen Li
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
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Wang X, Chen Y, Wang Z, Li H, He Q, Rong H, Wei R. Assessment of macular structures and vascular characteristics in highly myopic anisometropia using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Front Physiol 2022; 13:918393. [PMID: 36045745 PMCID: PMC9421159 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.918393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the macular structures and vascular characteristics of more myopic (MM) and contralateral eyes with highly myopic anisometropia.Methods: Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed for 33 patients with highly myopic anisometropia. Macular structures (total retinal layer [TRL], ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer [GCIPL], inner nuclear layer [INL], outer retinal layer [ORL], nerve fiber layer [NFL], choroidal layer [CHL]) and vascular characteristics (superficial vascular complex density [SVD], deep vascular complex density [DVD], choriocapillaris perfusion area [CCPA]) were assessed using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Macular structures and vascular characteristics of each subregion were compared to those of the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS).Results: With highly myopic anisometropia, the thicknesses of the TRL, GCIPL, INL, and ORL in MM eyes were smaller than those in contralateral eyes in at least one quadrant of the perifoveal and parafoveal circles (all p < 0.05), with no changes in the foveal and temporal quadrants of perifoveal regions (all p > 0.05). A thicker NFL (p = 0.018) was found in MM eyes than in contralateral eyes in the superior perifoveal quadrant. The CHL (all p < 0.05) in MM eyes was thinner in all regions than in the contralateral eyes according to the ETDRS. There were no statistical differences in the SVD, DVD, and CCPA of MM and contralateral eyes (all p > 0.05).Conclusion: All retinal layers, except the NFL, tended to be thinner in all subregions, except the temporal perifoveal and foveal quadrants in MM eyes, and choroidal thickness was thinned in all areas.
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Grytz R, El Hamdaoui M, Fuchs PA, Fazio MA, McNabb RP, Kuo AN, Girkin CA, Samuels BC. Nonlinear distortion correction for posterior eye segment optical coherence tomography with application to tree shrews. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1070-1086. [PMID: 35284162 PMCID: PMC8884212 DOI: 10.1364/boe.447595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose an empirical distortion correction approach for optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices that use a fan-scanning pattern to image the posterior eye segment. Two types of reference markers were used to empirically estimate the distortion correction approach in tree shrew eyes: retinal curvature from MRI images and implanted glass beads of known diameter. Performance was tested by correcting distorted images of the optic nerve head. In small animal eyes, our purposed method effectively reduced nonlinear distortions compared to a linear scaling method. No commercial posterior segment OCT provides anatomically correct images, which may bias the 3D interpretation of these scans. Our method can effectively reduce such bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Grytz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mustapha El Hamdaoui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Preston A. Fuchs
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Massimo A. Fazio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ryan P. McNabb
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anthony N. Kuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher A. Girkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Brian C. Samuels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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11
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Lu J, Zhou H, Shi Y, Choe J, Shen M, Wang L, Chen K, Zhang Q, Feuer WJ, Gregori G, Rosenfeld PJ, Wang RK. Interocular asymmetry of choroidal thickness and vascularity index measurements in normal eyes assessed by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:781-795. [PMID: 34993118 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the symmetry of interocular choroidal thickness and vascularity index measurements in normal eyes using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Cross-sectional and observational study. This study included 244 eyes of 122 normal adults with ages uniformly distributed from 19 to 89 years. METHODS SS-OCT imaging was performed using a scanning pattern of 12×12 mm. Mean choroidal thickness (MCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) measurements in the entire scanning region were obtained using a validated and published automatic method. The correlation and differences (including signed and absolute differences) between bilateral MCT and CVI measurements were analyzed at the following 6 regions: 3 concentric circles centered on the fovea with diameters of 2.5, 5, and 11 mm; the inner rim from 2.5 to 5 mm circle; the outer rim from 5 to 11 mm circle; and the entire 12×12-mm scan region, respectively. Comparison of interocular MCT and CVI measurements. RESULTS MCT measurements in right and left eyes were strongly correlated in all regions [all intraclass correlation (ICC) >0.73], but MCT measurements in right eyes were significantly thicker than in left eyes. CVI measurements in right and left eyes were moderately correlated in all regions (all ICC >0.46), but CVI measurements in right eyes were significantly smaller than that in left eyes in the macular subregions (2.5 mm circle, 5 mm circle, and the inner rim). Neither signed nor absolute interocular differences in MCT were correlated with corresponding CVI interocular differences. CONCLUSIONS Choroidal differences exist between normal fellow eyes in adults in the absence of obvious pathology. This study is useful in assisting clinicians and researchers in distinguishing asymmetric changes that are to be expected in normal eyes versus changes that could be associated with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yingying Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James Choe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mengxi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kelly Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William J Feuer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Giovanni Gregori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Philip J Rosenfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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12
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Kim YH, Oh J. Choroidal Thickness Profile in Chorioretinal Diseases: Beyond the Macula. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:797428. [PMID: 34988102 PMCID: PMC8720884 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.797428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) have emerged as essential diagnostic tools in the study and management of various chorioretinal diseases. Evidence from early clinical studies using EDI-OCT and SS-OCT indicates that choroidal dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chorioretinal diseases. Measurement of choroidal thickness (CT) has already become a major research and clinical method, and CT is considered as an indicator of choroidal status in a variety of ophthalmic diseases. Recently, CT measurement has also been proposed as a non-invasive marker for the early detection and monitoring of various systemic diseases. Among the several possible CT measurement locations, subfoveal CT has rapidly become a reliable parameter for measuring CT in healthy and diseased eyes. Moreover, recent advancements in OCT technology have enabled faster and wider imaging of the posterior part of the eye, allowing the various changes in CT as measured outside the macula to be shown accordingly. In this review, we first provide an overview of the results of clinical studies that have analyzed the healthy macular choroid and that in various chorioretinal diseases, and then summarize the current understanding of the choroid outside the macula. We also examine the CT profile as an index that encompasses both within and outside of the macula. Furthermore, we describe the clinical applications of ultrawide OCT, which enables visualization of the far periphery, and discuss the prospects for the development of more reliable choroidal parameters that can better reflect the choroid's characteristics.
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13
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Wang J, Ye X, She X, Xu J, Chen Y, Tao J, Ye X, Shen L. Choroidal remodeling distribution pattern in the macular region in Chinese young patients with myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:369. [PMID: 34663240 PMCID: PMC8524998 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of myopia has been found to be associated with the blood supply of the choroid. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the distribution pattern of choroidal remodeling and the degree of myopia in young patients. Methods Young patients (age < 18 years) with the spherical equivalent of less than − 12 diopters (D) were included. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) modality was used to measure the choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in the macular regions. CVI was calculated as the proportion of luminal area to choroidal area and was measured within 1 mm and 3 mm nasal (N1 and N3), temporal (T1 and T3), superior (S1 and S3), and inferior (I1 and I3) to the foveal center. CVI was compared across different ages (i.e., 5 ~ 9 years, 10 ~ 13 years, and 14 ~ 18 years), axial lengths (ALs) (i.e., 21.00 ~ 25.00 mm and 25.01 ~ 29.00 mm), and spherical equivalents (SEs) (i.e., SE > -0.5D, − 0.5 ~ − 3.0D, − 3.01 ~ − 6.0D, and < − 6.0D). Linear regression analysis was applied to assess the association between independent (i.e., age, AL, SE, and intraocular pressure) and dependent variables (i.e., CVI of different regions). Results One hundred sixty-four eyes from 85 volunteers were included. The mean CT in the central foveal was 269.87 ± 63.32 μm (93.00 μm to 443.00 μm). The mean subfoveal-CVI was 67.66 ± 2.40% (57.84 to 79.60%). Multiple linear regression results revealed significant correlations between SE and T1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.082, β = 0.194), N1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.039, β = 0.212). Simple linear regression results revealed that T1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.09) and T3-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.05) were negatively correlated with SE; N1-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.05) and N3-CVI (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.04) were negatively correlated with SE. Conclusions CVI in the horizontal meridian underwent the largest change as myopia worsened. Temporal and nasal CVIs within the r = 1 mm, and r = 3 mm subfoveal range were positively associated with the degree of myopia in young patients. The CVI value may be used to assess the vascular status of the choroid and be a potential marker of myopic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun She
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiqi Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiwei Tao
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinjie Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Li Q, Fang F. Retinal contour modelling to reproduce two-dimensional peripheral spherical equivalent refraction. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3948-3964. [PMID: 34457391 PMCID: PMC8367254 DOI: 10.1364/boe.426413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction of the peripheral spherical equivalent refraction (SER) in the eye model is critical for investigations in myopia control. Based on the derivation of a linear relationship between SER and the vergence of the wavefront at exit pupil center, a computing method is proposed to locate the retinal points to reproduce the two-dimensional (2D) distribution of SER. The method is validated by reproducing SER maps measured on both emmetropic and myopic eyes in a realistic eye model based on measurement data. By fitting the retinal points to a general ellipsoid, the limited capability of the general ellipsoid model in reproducing the 2D map of SER is calculated and compared with original data. The high accuracy in SER reproduction and low time-cost of the proposed retinal-locating method can help significantly improve the precision and accuracy of customized wide-angle eye modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Center of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fengzhou Fang
- Center of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT-Dublin), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Laboratory of Micro/Nano Manufacturing Technology (MNMT), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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15
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Comparison of Methods for Estimating Retinal Shape: Peripheral Refraction vs. Optical Coherence Tomography. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020174. [PMID: 33419003 PMCID: PMC7825350 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal shape presents a clinical parameter of interest for myopia, and has commonly been inferred indirectly from peripheral refraction (PRX) profiles. Distortion-corrected optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans offer a new and direct possibility for retinal shape estimation. The current study compared retinal curvatures derived from OCT scans vs. PRX measurements in three refractive profiles (0° and 90° meridians, plus spherical equivalent) for 25 participants via Bland–Altman analysis. The radial differences between both procedures were correlated to axial length using Pearson correlation. In general, PRX- and OCT-based retinal radii showed low correlation (all intraclass correlation coefficients < 0.21). PRX found flatter retinal curvatures compared to OCT, with the highest absolute agreement found with the 90° meridian (mean difference +0.08 mm) and lowest in the 0° meridian (mean difference +0.89 mm). Moreover, a negative relation between axial length and the agreement of both methods was detected especially in the 90° meridian (R = −0.38, p = 0.06). PRX measurements tend to underestimate the retinal radius with increasing myopia when compared to OCT measurements. Therefore, future conclusions from PRX on retinal shape should be made cautiously. Rather, faster and more clinically feasible OCT imaging should be performed for this purpose.
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