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Zhou L, Zhang C, Xie Z, Yu Q, Wang J, Gong Y, Zhao J, Bai S, Yang L, Deng D, Zhang R, Shi Y. Neural Circuit Mechanisms of Sinisan formula for the Treatment of adolescent Depression: prefrontal cortex to dorsal raphe nucleus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118529. [PMID: 38972528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sinisan formula (SNSF), documented in the classic books Shanghan Lun, is known for its ability to regulate liver-qi and treat depression. However, its underlying mechanism, particularly its effects on dynamic real-time neuron activity and circuits remains to be fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect of SNSF and its central nervous system mechanism on depression-like behaviors, focusing on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) neural circuit in a stress-induced adolescent animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS SNSF comprised four herbs, the root of Bupleurum chinense DC., the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., the fruit of Citrus aurantium L., the rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., in equal propotions. The adolescent depression animal model was induced by maternal separation (MS) and chronic restraint stress (CRS). In-vivo multichannel physiological electrodes were implanted into the PFC on PND 28 and animals were recorded 5 times during PND 35-46. From PND 47, the behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of SNSF. Subsequently, brain tissue was collected for Western blot and immunofluorescence staining analysis. Retro virus was injected into the DRN to explore sources of projections received by serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurons. And the PFC-to-DRN circuit was activated or inhibited through chemogenetic techniques to investigate the effects of SNSF on depression-like behaviors. RESULTS Administration of SNSF for 18 days effectively alleviated depression-like behaviors in MS&CRS adolescent mice. The PFC emerged as the primary glutamatergic projection source of the DRN5-HT neurons. Following SNSF administration for 13/15/18 days, there was an increase in the firing rate of excitatory neurons and excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio in the PFC. MS&CRS stress let to a reduction in the density of 5-HT+ and CaMKII + neurons in the DRN, accompanied by an increase in the density of GAD + neurons in the DRN, while SNSF administration reversed the alterations. Chemogenetic activation of the PFC-to-DRN circuit rescued the depression-like behaviors induced by MS&CRS, whereas suppression of this circuit attenuated the antidepressant effect of SNSF. CONCLUSIONS SNSF significantly mitigated depression-like behaviors in MS&CRS mice. SNSF exerts its antidepressant effects by increasing the E/I ratio in the PFC and enhancing glutamatergic projections from the PFC to the DRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Outpatient Department, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zedan Xie
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingying Yu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuwen Gong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Di Deng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Cai R, Ling L, Ghimire M, Brownell KA, Caspary DM. Tinnitus-related increases in single-unit activity in awake rat auditory cortex correlate with tinnitus behavior. Hear Res 2024; 445:108993. [PMID: 38518392 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.108993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Tinnitus is known to affect 10-15 % of the population, severely impacting 1-2 % of those afflicted. Canonically, tinnitus is generally a consequence of peripheral auditory damage resulting in maladaptive plastic changes in excitatory/inhibitory homeostasis at multiple levels of the central auditory pathway as well as changes in diverse nonauditory structures. Animal studies of primary auditory cortex (A1) generally find tinnitus-related changes in excitability across A1 layers and differences between inhibitory neuronal subtypes. Changes due to sound-exposure include changes in spontaneous activity, cross-columnar synchrony, bursting and tonotopic organization. Few studies in A1 directly correlate tinnitus-related changes in neural activity to an individual animal's behavioral evidence of tinnitus. The present study used an established condition-suppression sound-exposure model of chronic tinnitus and recorded spontaneous and driven single-unit responses from A1 layers 5 and 6 of awake Long-Evans rats. A1 units recorded from animals with behavioral evidence of tinnitus showed significant increases in spontaneous and sound-evoked activity which directly correlated to the animal's tinnitus score. Significant increases in the number of bursting units, the number of bursts/minute and burst duration were seen for A1 units recorded from animals with behavioral evidence of tinnitus. The present A1 findings support prior unit recording studies in auditory thalamus and recent in vitro findings in this same animal model. The present findings are consistent with sensory cortical studies showing tinnitus- and neuropathic pain-related down-regulation of inhibition and increased excitation based on plastic neurotransmitter and potassium channel changes. Reducing A1 deep-layer tinnitus-related hyperactivity is a potential target for tinnitus pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19629, Springfield, IL 62794-9629, United States
| | - Lynne Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19629, Springfield, IL 62794-9629, United States
| | - Madan Ghimire
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19629, Springfield, IL 62794-9629, United States
| | - Kevin A Brownell
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19629, Springfield, IL 62794-9629, United States
| | - Donald M Caspary
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, PO Box 19629, Springfield, IL 62794-9629, United States.
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Rybalko N, Suchánková Š, Bureš Z, Jovanović N, Melichar A, Profant O, Tureček R. Mice prone to tinnitus after acoustic trauma show increased pre-exposure sensitivity to background noise. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1321277. [PMID: 38144362 PMCID: PMC10739389 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1321277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced tinnitus is generally associated with hearing impairment caused by traumatic acoustic overexposure. Previous studies in laboratory animals and human subjects, however, have observed differences in tinnitus susceptibility, even among individuals with similar hearing loss. The mechanisms underlying increased sensitivity or, conversely, resistance to tinnitus are still incompletely understood. Here, we used behavioral tests and ABR audiometry to compare the sound-evoked responses of mice that differed in the presence of noise-induced tinnitus. The aim was to find a specific pre-exposure neurophysiological marker that would predict the development of tinnitus after acoustic trauma. Noise-exposed mice were screened for tinnitus-like behavior with the GPIAS paradigm and subsequently divided into tinnitus (+T) and non-tinnitus (-T) groups. Both groups showed hearing loss after exposure, manifested by elevated audiometric thresholds along with reduced amplitudes and prolonged latencies of ABR waves. Prior to exposure, except for a slightly increased slope of growth function for ABR amplitudes in +T mice, the two groups did not show significant audiometric differences. Behavioral measures, such as the magnitude of the acoustic startle response and its inhibition by gap pre-pulse, were also similar before exposure in both groups. However, +T mice showed significantly increased suppression of the acoustic startle response in the presence of background noise of moderate intensity. Thus, increased modulation of startle by background sounds may represent a behavioral correlate of susceptibility to noise-induced tinnitus, and its measurement may form the basis of a simple non-invasive method for predicting tinnitus development in laboratory rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rybalko
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Štěpánka Suchánková
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zbyněk Bureš
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nataša Jovanović
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Adolf Melichar
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Oliver Profant
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Third Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rostislav Tureček
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
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Ghimire M, Cai R, Ling L, Brownell KA, Hackett TA, Llano DA, Caspary DM. Increased pyramidal and VIP neuronal excitability in rat primary auditory cortex directly correlates with tinnitus behaviour. J Physiol 2023; 601:2493-2511. [PMID: 37119035 PMCID: PMC10330441 DOI: 10.1113/jp284675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus affects roughly 15%-20% of the population while severely impacting 10% of those afflicted. Tinnitus pathology is multifactorial, generally initiated by damage to the auditory periphery, resulting in a cascade of maladaptive plastic changes at multiple levels of the central auditory neuraxis as well as limbic and non-auditory cortical centres. Using a well-established condition-suppression model of tinnitus, we measured tinnitus-related changes in the microcircuits of excitatory/inhibitory neurons onto layer 5 pyramidal neurons (PNs), as well as changes in the excitability of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1). Patch-clamp recordings from PNs in A1 slices showed tinnitus-related increases in spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and decreases in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). Both measures could be correlated to the rat's behavioural evidence of tinnitus. Tinnitus-related changes in PN excitability were independent of changes in A1 excitatory or inhibitory cell numbers. VIP neurons, part of an A1 local circuit that can control the excitation of layer 5 PNs via disinhibitory mechanisms, showed significant tinnitus-related increases in excitability that directly correlated with the rat's behavioural tinnitus score. That PN and VIP changes directly correlated to tinnitus behaviour suggests an important role in A1 tinnitus pathology. Tinnitus-related A1 changes were similar to findings in studies of neuropathic pain in somatosensory cortex suggesting a common pathology of these troublesome perceptual impairments. Improved understanding between excitatory, inhibitory and disinhibitory sensory cortical circuits can serve as a model for testing therapeutic approaches to the treatment of tinnitus and chronic pain. KEY POINTS: We identified tinnitus-related changes in synaptic function of specific neuronal subtypes in a reliable animal model of tinnitus. The findings show direct and indirect tinnitus-related losses of normal inhibitory function at A1 layer 5 pyramidal cells, and increased VIP excitability. The findings are similar to what has been shown for neuropathic pain suggesting that restoring normal inhibitory function at synaptic inputs onto A1 pyramidal neurons (PNs) could conceptually reduce tinnitus discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Ghimire
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702
| | - Rui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702
| | - Lynne Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702
| | - Kevin A. Brownell
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702
| | - Troy A. Hackett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Donald M. Caspary
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62702
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Ghimire M, Cai R, Ling L, Brownell KA, Wisner KW, Cox BC, Hackett TA, Brozoski TJ, Caspary DM. Desensitizing nicotinic agents normalize tinnitus-related inhibitory dysfunction in the auditory cortex and ameliorate behavioral evidence of tinnitus. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1197909. [PMID: 37304018 PMCID: PMC10248052 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1197909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus impacts between 10-20% of the population. Individuals most troubled by their tinnitus have their attention bound to and are distracted by, their tinnitus percept. While numerous treatments to ameliorate tinnitus have been tried, no therapeutic approach has been clinically accepted. The present study used an established condition-suppression noise-exposure rat model of tinnitus to: (1) examine tinnitus-related changes in nAChR function of layer 5 pyramidal (PNs) and of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) and (2) examine how the partial desensitizing nAChR agonists, sazetidine-A and varenicline, can act as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of tinnitus. We posited that tinnitus-related changes in layer 5 nAChR responses may underpin the decline in attentional resources previously observed in this animal model (Brozoski et al., 2019). In vitro whole-cell patch-clamp studies previously revealed a significant tinnitus-related loss in nAChR-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents from A1 layer 5 PNs. In contrast, VIP neurons from animals with behavioral evidence of tinnitus showed significantly increased nAChR-evoked excitability. Here we hypothesize that sazetidine-A and varenicline have therapeutic benefits for subjects who cannot divert their attention away from the phantom sound in their heads. We found that sazetidine-A or varenicline normalized tinnitus-related reductions in GABAergic input currents onto A1 layer 5 PNs. We then tested sazetidine-A and varenicline for the management of tinnitus using our tinnitus animal model. Subcutaneous injection of sazetidine-A or varenicline, 1 h prior to tinnitus testing, significantly decreased the rat's behavioral evidence of tinnitus in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, these results support the need for additional clinical investigations of partial desensitizing nAChR agonists sazetidine-A and varenicline for the treatment of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Ghimire
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Rui Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Lynne Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kevin A. Brownell
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Kurt W. Wisner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Brandon C. Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Troy A. Hackett
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Thomas J. Brozoski
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
| | - Donald M. Caspary
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, United States
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Langguth B, Shiao AS, Lai JT, Chi TS, Weber F, Schecklmann M, Li LPH. Tinnitus and treatment-resistant depression. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 281:131-147. [PMID: 37806713 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Tinnitus, a frequent disorder, is the conscious perception of a sound in the absence of a corresponding external acoustic sound source in the sense of a phantom sound. Although the majority of people who perceive a tinnitus sound can cope with it and are only minimaly impaired in their quality of lfe, 2-3% of the population perceive tinnitus as a major problem. Recently it has been proposed that the two groups should be differentiated by distict terms: "Tinnitus" describes the auditory or sensory component, whereas "Tinnitus Disorder" reflects the auditory component and the associated suffering. There is overwhelming evidence that a high tinnitus burden is associated with the increased occurrence of comorbidities, including depression. Since no causal therapeutic options are available for patients with tinnitus at the present time, the identification and adequate treatment of relevant comorbidities is of great importance for the reduction of tinnitus distress. This chapter deals with the relationship between tinnitus and depression. The neuronal mechanisms underlying tinnitus will first be discussed. There will also be an overview about depression and treatment resistant depression (TRD). A comprehensive review about the state-of-the-art evidences of the relationship between tinnitus and TRD will then be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - An-Suey Shiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsung Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Shih Chi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Franziska Weber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schecklmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lieber Po-Hung Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, and Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Integrated Brain Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Zhou L, Liu D, Xie Z, Deng D, Shi G, Zhao J, Bai S, Yang L, Zhang R, Shi Y. Electrophysiological Characteristics of Dorsal Raphe Nucleus in Tail Suspension Test. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:893465. [PMID: 35711694 PMCID: PMC9194813 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.893465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a major source of serotonin in the central nervous system, which is closely related to depression-like behaviors and is modulated by local GABAergic interneurons. Although serotonin neurons are known to be activated by struggling behavior in tail suspension test (TST), the exact electrophysiological characteristics are still unclear. Here, we combined in vivo electrode recording and behavioral test to explore the mice neuron electrophysiology in DRN during TST and observed that gamma oscillation was related to despair-like behaviors whereas burst fraction was crucial for survival-like behaviors. We reported the identification of a subpopulation of DRN neurons which change their firing rates when mice get into and during TST immobile states. Both increase (putative despair units, D units for short) and decrease (putative survival units, S units for short) in firing rate were observed. Furthermore, using optogenetics to identify parvalbumin-positive (PV+) and serotonin transporter-positive (SERT+) neurons, we found that SERT+ neurons were almost S units. Interestingly, those that have been identified PV+ neurons include ~20% of D units and ~50% of S units. These results suggest that electrophysiological characteristics incorporated in despair-like behavior studies can provide new insight into the study of anti-depression targets, and GABAergic interneuron is a complex key hub to the coding and regulation of local neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchang Zhou
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zedan Xie
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Deng
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoqi Shi
- School of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlan Zhao
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Rong Zhang
| | - Yafei Shi
- School of Fundamental Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yafei Shi
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8
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Xia D, Zhang X, Deng D, Ma X, Masri S, Wang J, Bao S, Hu S, Zhou Q. Long-Term Enhancement of NMDA Receptor Function in Inhibitory Neurons Preferentially Modulates Potassium Channels and Cell Adhesion Molecules. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:796179. [PMID: 35058780 PMCID: PMC8764260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectively enhancing the activity of inhibitory neurons has great therapeutic potentials since their reduced function/activity has significant contributions to pathology in various brain diseases. We showed previously that NMDAR positive allosteric modulator GNE-8324 and M-8324 selectively increase NMDAR activity on the inhibitory neurons and elevates their activity in vitro and in vivo. Here we examined the impact of long-term administering M-8324 on the functions and transcriptional profiling of parvalbumin-containing neurons in two representative brain regions, primary auditory cortex (Au1) and prelimbic prefrontal cortex (PrL-PFC). We found small changes in key electrophysiological parameters and RNA levels of neurotransmitter receptors, Na+ and Ca2+ channels. In contrast, large differences in cell adhesion molecules and K+ channels were found between Au1 and PrL-PFC in drug-naïve mice, and differences in cell adhesion molecules became much smaller after M-8324 treatment. There was also minor impact of M-8324 on cell cycle and apoptosis, suggesting a fine safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.,International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Samer Masri
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jianzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaowen Bao
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Songnian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Deutsch SI, Luyo ZNM, Burket JA. Targeted NMDA Receptor Interventions for Autism: Developmentally Determined Expression of GluN2B and GluN2A-Containing Receptors and Balanced Allosteric Modulatory Approaches. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020181. [PMID: 35204682 PMCID: PMC8961601 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Various ASD risk alleles have been associated with impairment of NMDA receptor activation (i.e., NMDA Receptor Hypofunction) and/or disturbance of the careful balance between activation mediated by GluN2B-subtype and GluN2A-subtype-containing NMDA receptors. Importantly, although these various risk alleles affect NMDA receptor activation through different mechanisms, they share the pathogenic consequences of causing disturbance of highly regulated NMDA receptor activation. Disturbances of NMDA receptor activation due to sequence variants, protein termination variants and copy number variants are often cell-specific and regionally selective. Thus, translational therapeutic NMDA receptor agonist interventions, which may require chronic administration, must have specificity, selectivity and facilitate NMDA receptor activation in a manner that is physiologic (i.e., mimicking that of endogenously released glutamate and glycine/D-serine released in response to salient and relevant socio-cognitive provocations within discrete neural circuits). Importantly, knockout mice with absent expression and mice with haploinsufficient expression of the deleterious genes often serve as good models to test the potential efficacy of promising pharmacotherapeutic strategies. The Review considers diverse examples of “illness” genes, their pathogenic effects on NMDA receptor activation and, when available, results of studies of impaired sociability in mouse models, including “proof of principle/proof of concept” experiments exploring NMDA receptor agonist interventions and the development of promising positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), which serve as support and models for developing an inventory of PAMs and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) for translational therapeutic intervention. Conceivably, selective PAMs and NAMs either alone or in combination will be administered to patients guided by their genotype in order to potentiate and/or restore disrupted balance between activation mediated by GluN2B-subtype and GluN2A-subtype containing NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen I. Deutsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 710, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
| | - Zachary N. M. Luyo
- Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA;
| | - Jessica A. Burket
- Program in Neuroscience, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA;
- Department of Molecular Biology & Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-757-594-8743
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Knipper M, Singer W, Schwabe K, Hagberg GE, Li Hegner Y, Rüttiger L, Braun C, Land R. Disturbed Balance of Inhibitory Signaling Links Hearing Loss and Cognition. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:785603. [PMID: 35069123 PMCID: PMC8770933 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.785603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability in the central auditory pathway linked to reduced inhibitory activity is associated with numerous forms of hearing loss, including noise damage, age-dependent hearing loss, and deafness, as well as tinnitus or auditory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In most cases, the reduced central inhibitory activity and the accompanying hyperexcitability are interpreted as an active compensatory response to the absence of synaptic activity, linked to increased central neural gain control (increased output activity relative to reduced input). We here suggest that hyperexcitability also could be related to an immaturity or impairment of tonic inhibitory strength that typically develops in an activity-dependent process in the ascending auditory pathway with auditory experience. In these cases, high-SR auditory nerve fibers, which are critical for the shortest latencies and lowest sound thresholds, may have either not matured (possibly in congenital deafness or autism) or are dysfunctional (possibly after sudden, stressful auditory trauma or age-dependent hearing loss linked with cognitive decline). Fast auditory processing deficits can occur despite maintained basal hearing. In that case, tonic inhibitory strength is reduced in ascending auditory nuclei, and fast inhibitory parvalbumin positive interneuron (PV-IN) dendrites are diminished in auditory and frontal brain regions. This leads to deficits in central neural gain control linked to hippocampal LTP/LTD deficiencies, cognitive deficits, and unbalanced extra-hypothalamic stress control. Under these conditions, a diminished inhibitory strength may weaken local neuronal coupling to homeostatic vascular responses required for the metabolic support of auditory adjustment processes. We emphasize the need to distinguish these two states of excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in hearing disorders: (i) Under conditions of preserved fast auditory processing and sustained tonic inhibitory strength, an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance following auditory deprivation can maintain precise hearing through a memory linked, transient disinhibition that leads to enhanced spiking fidelity (central neural gain⇑) (ii) Under conditions of critically diminished fast auditory processing and reduced tonic inhibitory strength, hyperexcitability can be part of an increased synchronization over a broader frequency range, linked to reduced spiking reliability (central neural gain⇓). This latter stage mutually reinforces diminished metabolic support for auditory adjustment processes, increasing the risks for canonical dementia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marlies Knipper,
| | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gisela E. Hagberg
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen (UKT), Tübingen, Germany
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Li Hegner
- MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Land
- Department of Experimental Otology, Institute for Audioneurotechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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11
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Henton A, Tzounopoulos T. What's the buzz? The neuroscience and the treatment of tinnitus. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1609-1632. [PMID: 33769102 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a pervasive public health issue that affects ∼15% of the United States population. Similar estimates have also been shown on a global scale, with similar prevalence found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The severity of tinnitus is heterogeneous, ranging from mildly bothersome to extremely disruptive. In the United States, ∼10-20% of individuals who experience tinnitus report symptoms that severely reduce their quality of life. Due to the huge personal and societal burden, in the last 20 yr a concerted effort on basic and clinical research has significantly advanced our understanding and treatment of this disorder. Yet, neither full understanding, nor cure exists. We know that tinnitus is the persistent involuntary phantom percept of internally generated nonverbal indistinct noises and tones, which in most cases is initiated by acquired hearing loss and maintained only when this loss is coupled with distinct neuronal changes in auditory and extra-auditory brain networks. Yet, the exact mechanisms and patterns of neural activity that are necessary and sufficient for the perceptual generation and maintenance of tinnitus remain incompletely understood. Combinations of animal model and human research will be essential in filling these gaps. Nevertheless, the existing progress in investigating the neurophysiological mechanisms has improved current treatment and highlighted novel targets for drug development and clinical trials. The aim of this review is to thoroughly discuss the current state of human and animal tinnitus research, outline current challenges, and highlight new and exciting research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Henton
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - T Tzounopoulos
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Jeschke M, Happel MFK, Tziridis K, Krauss P, Schilling A, Schulze H, Ohl FW. Acute and Long-Term Circuit-Level Effects in the Auditory Cortex After Sound Trauma. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:598406. [PMID: 33469416 PMCID: PMC7813782 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.598406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful environmental sounds are a prevailing source of chronic hearing impairments, including noise induced hearing loss, hyperacusis, or tinnitus. How these symptoms are related to pathophysiological damage to the sensory receptor epithelia and its effects along the auditory pathway, have been documented in numerous studies. An open question concerns the temporal evolution of maladaptive changes after damage and their manifestation in the balance of thalamocortical and corticocortical input to the auditory cortex (ACx). To address these issues, we investigated the loci of plastic reorganizations across the tonotopic axis of the auditory cortex of male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) acutely after a sound trauma and after several weeks. We used a residual current-source density analysis to dissociate adaptations of intracolumnar input and horizontally relayed corticocortical input to synaptic populations across cortical layers in ACx. A pure tone-based sound trauma caused acute changes of subcortical inputs and corticocortical inputs at all tonotopic regions, particularly showing a broad reduction of tone-evoked inputs at tonotopic regions around the trauma frequency. At other cortical sites, the overall columnar activity acutely decreased, while relative contributions of lateral corticocortical inputs increased. After 4-6 weeks, cortical activity in response to the altered sensory inputs showed a general increase of local thalamocortical input reaching levels higher than before the trauma. Hence, our results suggest a detailed mechanism for overcompensation of altered frequency input in the auditory cortex that relies on a changing balance of thalamocortical and intracortical input and along the frequency gradient of the cortical tonotopic map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Jeschke
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology (IBIO), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
- Cognitive Hearing in Primates Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience Göttingen, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Max F. K. Happel
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology (IBIO), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank W. Ohl
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Biology (IBIO), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (OVGU), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
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