Entropy generation in MHD Casson fluid flow with variable heat conductance and thermal conductivity over non-linear bi-directional stretching surface

Numerical simulation and mathematical modeling for heat and mass transfer in MHD stagnation point flow of nanofluid consisting of entropy generation

The primary goal of this article is to explore the radiative stagnation point flow of nanofluid with cross-diffusion and entropy generation across a permeable curved surface. Moreover, the activation energy, Joule heating, slip condition, and viscous dissipation effects have been considered in order to achieve realistic results. The governing equations associated with the modeling of this research have been transformed into ordinary differential equations by utilizing appropriate transformation variable. The resulting system of equations was solved numerically by using Bvp4c built-in package in MATLAB. The impact of involved parameters have been graphically examined for the diverse features of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Throughout the analysis, the volume fraction is assumed to be less than [Formula: see text] while the Prandtl number is set to be [Formula: see text]. In addition, the entropy generation, friction drag, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers have been plotted for describing the diverse physical aspects of the underlying phenomena. The major outcomes reveal that the curvature parameter reduces the velocity profile and skin friction coefficient whereas the magnetic parameter, temperature difference parameter, and radiation parameter intensify the entropy generation.

Entropy generation minimization of higher-order endothermic/exothermic chemical reaction with activation energy on MHD mixed convective flow over a stretching surface

The present investigation aims to analyze higher-order endothermic/exothermic chemical reactions with activation energy by considering thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects on MHD mixed convective flow across a vertical stretching surface. The influence of velocity slip, thermal slip, and concentration slip along with an inclined external magnetic field is also considered. The governing coupled non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The resulting system of non-linear ODEs is solved by the Newton Raphson shooting technique using the RK-4 algorithm. The impact of various physical parameters discovered in the problem viz. endothermic/exothermic reaction variable, thermophoresis parameter, activation energy parameter, Brownian motion parameter, chemical reaction parameter have been analyzed on velocity profile, temperature profile, and concentration profile. The effects of these parameters on skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are displayed in tabular form as well as surface plots. The impact of various physical parameters that appeared in the entropy generation is shown using surface and contour plots. The numerical findings are in good agreement with the previously published results. It is observed that an increment in thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters results in a declination of entropy profiles, whereas an increment in Bejan number profiles is observed. A small region near the surface exhibits an inclination in concentration profiles with an increase in the order of the chemical reaction. In contrast, the opposite effect is analyzed near the boundary layer. Also, the contour and surface plots are displayed to portray real-world applications in industrial and technical processes and the physical depiction of flow characteristics that arise in the current study.

A semi-analytical passive strategy to examine the water-ethylene glycol (50:50)-based hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning disk with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions

Scientists and researchers are much interested in studying graphene and silver nanoparticles for the enhancement of heat transport due to their extensive variety of applications in different areas of industrial and engineering such as drug delivery, medical devices, ultra-light, excellent electrical conductivity, strong medical strength, health care, consumer, food, etc. Therefore, in the existing investigation, the MHD flow of a mixed convective hybrid nanoliquid with graphene and silver nanoparticles past a rotating disk is considered. Water and ethylene glycol (50:50) is used as a base liquid in the existing model. The mechanism for heat transport is computed with the existence of thermal radiation and thermal convective condition. Homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions are assumed in the flow behavior. The mathematical formulation of the proposed problem is based on the nonlinear PDEs which are then transformed to nonlinear ODEs by manipulating the appropriate similarity transformation. The simulation of the existing problem has been performed with the help of the homotopy analysis technique. The outcomes of the different flow parameters on the velocities, temperature, concentration, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number of the hybrid nanofluid are attained via graphs and tables. Some significant results from the existing problem demonstrate that the rate of heat transport is greater for the thermal Biot number and nanoparticles volume fraction. Further, it is noticed that the velocity of the liquid particles becomes lower for a higher magnetic field parameter.

Modeling of three dimensional Prandtl hybrid nano-material over a heated rotating cone involving hall and ion slip currents via finite element procedure

Flow in a rotating cone for magnetized Prandtl fluid model is inspected in this investigation. The momentum equation of Prandtl model is derived under the consideration of Hall and ion slip effects and heat transport phenomenon is considered with Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. The model of Hamilton Crosser and Yamada Ota are considered for the empirical relations of nanofluid mixture. The flow presenting expression of Prandtl fluid model with thermal transport is modeled under boundary layer approximation in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs). The derived PDEs have been converted into set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by engaging an appropriate scaling group transformation and these converted nonlinear set of ODEs have been tackled numerically via finite element scheme (FES). Impact of different emerging parameters has been displayed graphically and the physics behind the observed phenomena is explained in detail. The convergence of FES is established by carrying the grid independent survey. From the performed investigation, it is recorded that the parameters appear due to Hall and Ion slip currents enhance the fluid velocity but the inverse behavior is recorded for temperature profile.

Thermal Improvement in Pseudo-Plastic Material Using Ternary Hybrid Nanoparticles via Non-Fourier’s Law over Porous Heated Surface

The numerical, analytical, theoretical and experimental study of thermal transport is an active field of research due to its enormous applications and use in numerous systems. This report covers the impacts of thermal transport on pseudo-plastic material past over a horizontal, heated and stretched porous sheet. Modeling of energy conservation is based upon a generalized heat flux model along with a heat generation/absorption factor. The modeled phenomenon is derived in the Cartesian coordinate system under the usual boundary-layer approach proposed by Prandtl, which removes the complexity of the problem. The modeled rheology is obtained in the form of coupled, nonlinear PDEs. These derived PDEs are converted into ODEs with the engagement of similarity transformation. Afterwards, converted ODEs containing some emerging parameters have been approximated numerically with a powerful and effective scheme, namely the finite element approach. The obtained results are compared with the published findings as a limiting case of current research, and an excellent agreement in the obtained solution was found, which guarantees the effectiveness of the used methodology. Furthermore, it is recommended that the finite element approach is a good method among other existing methods and can be effectively applied to nonlinear problems arising in the mathematical modeling of different phenomenon.

An inclination in Thermal Energy Using Nanoparticles with Casson Liquid Past an Expanding Porous Surface

The physical aspects of inclined MHD nanofluid toward a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium were visualized, which has numerous applications in industry. Two types of nanoparticles, namely copper and aluminum oxide, were used, with water (limiting case of Casson liquid) as the base fluid. Similarity transformations were used to convert the partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. Closed solutions were found to examine the velocity and temperature profiles. It was observed that an increment in the magnitude of the Hartmann number, solid volume fraction, and velocity slip parameter brought a reduction in the velocity profile, and the opposite behavior was shown for the permeability parameter in Cu–water and Al2O3–water nanofluids. The temperature field, local skin friction, and local Nusselt number were further examined. Moreover, the study of Cu and Al2O3 is useful to boost the efficiency of thermal conductivity and thermal energy in particles. Reduction was captured in the velocity gradient and temperature gradient against changes in the thermal radiation number. The opposite trend was tabulated into motion with respect to the volume fraction number for both cases (Cu–water and Al2O3–water).

Computational Assessment of Thermal and Solute Mechanisms in Carreau-Yasuda Hybrid Nanoparticles Involving Soret and Dufour Effects over Porous Surface

Engineers, scientists and mathematicians are greatly concerned about the thermal stability/instability of any physical system. Current contemplation discusses the role of the Soret and Dufour effects in hydro-magnetized Carreau–Yasuda liquid passed over a permeable stretched surface. Several important effects were considered while modelling the thermal transport, including Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and heat generation/absorption. Mass transportation is presented in the presence of a chemical reaction. Different nanoparticle types were mixed in the Carreau–Yasuda liquid in order to study thermal performance. Initially, governing laws were modelled in the form of PDEs. Suitable transformation was engaged for conversion into ODEs and then the resulting ODEs were handled via FEM (Finite Element Method). Grid independent analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of the chosen methodology. Several important physical effects were explored by augmenting the values of the influential parameters. Heat and mass transfer rates were computed against different parameters and discussed in detail.

Significant Production of Thermal Energy in Partially Ionized Hyperbolic Tangent Material Based on Ternary Hybrid Nanomaterials

Nanoparticles are frequently used to enhance the thermal performance of numerous materials. This study has many practical applications for activities that have to minimize losses of energy due to several impacts. This study investigates the inclusion of ternary hybrid nanoparticles in a partially ionized hyperbolic tangent liquid passed over a stretched melting surface. The fluid motion equation is presented by considering the rotation effect. The thermal energy expression is derived by the contribution of Joule heat and viscous dissipation. Flow equations were modeled by using the concept of boundary layer theory, which occurs in the form of a coupled system of partial differential equations (PDEs). To reduce the complexity, the derived PDEs (partial differential equations) were transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by engaging in similarity transformations. Afterwards, the converted ODEs were handled via a finite element procedure. The utilization and effectiveness of the methodology are demonstrated by listing the mesh-free survey and comparative analysis. Several important graphs were prepared to show the contribution of emerging parameters on fluid velocity and temperature profile. The findings show that the finite element method is a powerful tool for handling the complex coupled ordinary differential equation system, arising in fluid mechanics and other related dissipation applications in applied science. Furthermore, enhancements in the Forchheimer parameter and the Weissenberg number are necessary to control the fluid velocity.

Soret-Dufour impact on a three-dimensional Casson nanofluid flow with dust particles and variable characteristics in a permeable media

In this study, the effects of variable characteristics are analyzed on a three-dimensional (3D) dusty Casson nanofluid flow past a deformable bidirectional surface amalgamated with chemical reaction and Arrhenius activation energy. The surface is deformable in the direction of the x-axis and y-axis. The motion of the flow is induced due to the deformation of the surface. The impression of Soret and Dufour's effects boost the transmission of heat and mass. The flow is analyzed numerically with the combined impacts of thermal radiation, momentum slip, and convective heat condition. A numerical solution for the system of the differential equations is attained by employing the bvp4c function in MATLAB. The dimensionless parameters are graphically illustrated and discussed for the involved profiles. It is perceived that on escalating the Casson fluid and porosity parameters, the velocity field declines for fluid-particle suspension. Also, for augmented activation energy and Soret number, the concentration field enhances. An opposite behavior is noticed in the thermal field for fluctuation in fluid-particle interaction parameters for fluid and dust phase. Drag force coefficient increases on escalating porosity parameter and Hartmann number. On amplifying the radiation parameter heat and mass flux augments. A comparative analysis of the present investigation with an already published work is also added to substantiate the envisioned problem.

Numerical Computation of Dufour and Soret Effects on Radiated Material on a Porous Stretching Surface with Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity

The current research is prepared to address the transport phenomenon in a hydro-magnetized flow model on a porous stretching sheet. Mass and heat transport are modeled via temperature dependent models of thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients. Accordingly, the involvement of radiation, chemical reaction, the Dufour effect, and the Soret effect are involved. The flow presenting expression has been modeled via boundary layer approximation and the flow is produced due to the experimental stretching sheet. The governing equations have been approximated numerically via shooting method. The efficiency of the scheme is established by including the comparative study. Moreover, a decline in the velocity field is recorded against the escalating values of the porosity parameter and the magnetic parameter.

Electro-magnetically modulated self-propulsion of swimming sperms via cervical canal

The purpose of this study is to theoretically investigate the electro-magneto-biomechanics of the swimming of sperms through cervical canal in the female reproductive system. During sexual intercourse, millions of sperms migrate into the cervix in large groups, hence we can approximately model their movement activity by a swimming sheet through the electrically-conducting biofluid. The Eyring-Powell fluid model is considered as the base fluid to simulate male's semen with self-propulsive sperms. An external magnetic field is applied on the flow in transverse direction. The governing partial differential system of equations is analytically solved. Creeping flow regimen is employed throughout the channel due to self-propulsion of swimmers along with long wavelength approximation. Solutions for the stream function, velocity profile, and pressure gradient (above and below the swimming sheet) are obtained and plotted with the pertinent parameters. The prominent features of pumping characteristics are also investigated. Results indicate that the propulsive velocity is reduced with an increase in the electric field which is an important feature that can be used in controlling the transport of spermatozoa inside the cervical canal. Not only is the present analysis valid for living micro-organisms, but also valid for artificially designed electro-magnetic micro-swimmers which is further utilized in electro-magnetic therapy taking place in female's lubricous cervical canal filled with mucus.

Impact of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model on MHD hybrid nano-micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer with viscous and joule dissipation effects

Review of literature reveals that hybrid nanofluids are more effective for heat transmission as compared to the conventional fluids. Nevertheless, the knowledge of developed techniques for the enhancement of heat transmission in hybrid nanofluids has many gaps and, subsequently, an extensive study for such fluids is vital. In this article, the author investigates the effect of hybrid nanoparticles on the thermal efficiency of nano-structured nanoparticles (micropolar fluid) by using the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. The magnetic field is pragmatic normal to the hybrid nanofluid flow direction. In order to investigate the influence of physical parameters, the proposed model has been converted to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by means of involved variables. Furthermore, the analytical and numerical approaches are compared by using different techniques to comprehend the significance of this research. It is found that macro-velocity field reduces with micropolar factor and Hartmann number. A significant result is found in micro-velocity field for the cases when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Also an escalating conduct in thermal field is observed against the increasing estimations of Hartmann number, micropolar parameter, Eckert number, and material parameter.

Numerical analysis of thermal conductive hybrid nanofluid flow over the surface of a wavy spinning disk

A three dimensional (3D) numerical solution of unsteady, Ag-MgO hybrid nanoliquid flow with heat and mass transmission caused by upward/downward moving of wavy spinning disk has been scrutinized. The magnetic field has been also considered. The hybrid nanoliquid has been synthesized in the presence of Ag-MgO nanoparticles. The purpose of the study is to improve the rate of thermal energy transmission for several industrial purposes. The wavy rotating surface increases the heat transmission rate up to 15%, comparatively to the flat surface. The subsequent arrangement of modeled equations is diminished into dimensionless differential equation. The obtained system of equations is further analytically expounded via Homotopy analysis method HAM and the numerical Parametric continuation method (PCM) method has been used for the comparison of the outcomes. The results are graphically presented and discussed. It has been presumed that the geometry of spinning disk positively affects the velocity and thermal energy transmission. The addition of hybrid nanoparticles (silver and magnesium-oxide) significantly improved thermal property of carrier fluid. It uses is more efficacious to overcome low energy transmission. Such as, it provides improvement in thermal performance of carrier fluid, which play important role in power generation, hyperthermia, micro fabrication, air conditioning and metallurgical field.