1
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Li SS, Xue CD, Li YJ, Chen XM, Zhao Y, Qin KR. Microfluidic characterization of single-cell biophysical properties and the applications in cancer diagnosis. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:1212-1232. [PMID: 37909658 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell biophysical properties play a crucial role in regulating cellular physiological states and functions, demonstrating significant potential in the fields of life sciences and clinical diagnostics. Therefore, over the last few decades, researchers have developed various detection tools to explore the relationship between the biophysical changes of biological cells and human diseases. With the rapid advancement of modern microfabrication technology, microfluidic devices have quickly emerged as a promising platform for single-cell analysis offering advantages including high-throughput, exceptional precision, and ease of manipulation. Consequently, this paper provides an overview of the recent advances in microfluidic analysis and detection systems for single-cell biophysical properties and their applications in the field of cancer. The working principles and latest research progress of single-cell biophysical property detection are first analyzed, highlighting the significance of electrical and mechanical properties. The development of data acquisition and processing methods for real-time, high-throughput, and practical applications are then discussed. Furthermore, the differences in biophysical properties between tumor and normal cells are outlined, illustrating the potential for utilizing single-cell biophysical properties for tumor cell identification, classification, and drug response assessment. Lastly, we summarize the limitations of existing microfluidic analysis and detection systems in single-cell biophysical properties, while also pointing out the prospects and future directions of their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Dong Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Stomach Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, P. R. China
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2
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Herzog S, Fläschner G, Incaviglia I, Arias JC, Ponti A, Strohmeyer N, Nava MM, Müller DJ. Monitoring the mass, eigenfrequency, and quality factor of mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1751. [PMID: 38409119 PMCID: PMC10897412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The regulation of mass is essential for the development and homeostasis of cells and multicellular organisms. However, cell mass is also tightly linked to cell mechanical properties, which depend on the time scales at which they are measured and change drastically at the cellular eigenfrequency. So far, it has not been possible to determine cell mass and eigenfrequency together. Here, we introduce microcantilevers oscillating in the Ångström range to monitor both fundamental physical properties of the cell. If the oscillation frequency is far below the cellular eigenfrequency, all cell compartments follow the cantilever motion, and the cell mass measurements are accurate. Yet, if the oscillating frequency approaches or lies above the cellular eigenfrequency, the mechanical response of the cell changes, and not all cellular components can follow the cantilever motions in phase. This energy loss caused by mechanical damping within the cell is described by the quality factor. We use these observations to examine living cells across externally applied mechanical frequency ranges and to measure their total mass, eigenfrequency, and quality factor. The three parameters open the door to better understand the mechanobiology of the cell and stimulate biotechnological and medical innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Herzog
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gotthold Fläschner
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- Nanosurf AG, Gräubernstrasse 12, 4410, Liestal, Switzerland.
| | - Ilaria Incaviglia
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javier Casares Arias
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aaron Ponti
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nico Strohmeyer
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michele M Nava
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Gu Q, Shanahan L, Hart JW, Belser S, Shofer N, Atatüre M, Knowles HS. Simultaneous Nanorheometry and Nanothermometry Using Intracellular Diamond Quantum Sensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20034-20042. [PMID: 37791968 PMCID: PMC10604098 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The viscoelasticity of the cytoplasm plays a critical role in cell morphology, cell division, and intracellular transport. Viscoelasticity is also interconnected with other biophysical properties, such as temperature, which is known to influence cellular bioenergetics. Probing the connections between intracellular temperature and cytoplasmic viscoelasticity provides an exciting opportunity for the study of biological phenomena, such as metabolism and disease progression. The small length scales and transient nature of changes in these parameters combined with their complex interdependencies pose a challenge for biosensing tools, which are often limited to a single readout modality. Here, we present a dual-mode quantum sensor capable of performing simultaneous nanoscale thermometry and rheometry in dynamic cellular environments. We use nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals as biocompatible sensors for in vitro measurements. We combine subdiffraction resolution single-particle tracking in a fluidic environment with optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopy to perform simultaneous sensing of viscoelasticity and temperature. We use our sensor to demonstrate probing of the temperature-dependent viscoelasticity in complex media at the nanoscale. We then investigate the interplay between intracellular forces and the cytoplasmic rheology in live cells. Finally, we identify different rheological regimes and reveal evidence of active trafficking and details of the nanoscale viscoelasticity of the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sophia Belser
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Noah Shofer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Mete Atatüre
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Helena S. Knowles
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
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4
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Yu K, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Hu X, Chang J, Hartland GV, Wang GP. Compressible viscoelasticity of cell membranes determined by gigahertz-frequency acoustic vibrations. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100494. [PMID: 37131996 PMCID: PMC10149280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane viscosity is an important property of cell biology, which determines cellular function, development and disease progression. Various experimental and computational methods have been developed to investigate the mechanics of cells. However, there have been no experimental measurements of the membrane viscosity at high-frequencies in live cells. High frequency measurements are important because they can probe viscoelastic effects. Here, we investigate the membrane viscosity at gigahertz-frequencies through the damping of the acoustic vibrations of gold nanoplates. The experiments are modeled using a continuum mechanics theory which reveals that the membranes display viscoelasticity, with an estimated relaxation time of ca. 5.7 + 2.4 / - 2.7 ps. We further demonstrate that membrane viscoelasticity can be used to differentiate a cancerous cell line (the human glioblastoma cells LN-18) from a normal cell line (the mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells bEnd.3). The viscosity of cancerous cells LN-18 is lower than that of healthy cells bEnd.3 by a factor of three. The results indicate promising applications of characterizing membrane viscoelasticity at gigahertz-frequency in cell diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yungao Chen
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gregory V. Hartland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Guo Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Ovalle-Flores L, Rodríguez-Nieto M, Zárate-Triviño D, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Menchaca JL. Methodologies and models for measuring viscoelastic properties of cancer cells: Towards a universal classification. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 140:105734. [PMID: 36848744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Different methods and several physical models exist to study cell viscoelasticity with the atomic force microscope (AFM). In search of a robust mechanical classification of cells through AFM, in this work, viscoelastic parameters of the cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, DU-145, and MG-63 are obtained using two methodologies; through force-distance and force-relaxation curves. Four mechanical models were applied to fit the curves. The results show that both methodologies agree qualitatively on the parameters that quantify elasticity but disagree on the parameters that account for energy dissipation. The Fractional Zener (FZ) model represents well the information given by the Solid Linear Standard and Generalized Maxwell models. The Fractional Kelvin (FK) model concentrates the viscoelastic information mainly in two parameters, which could be an advantage over the other models. Therefore, the FZ and FK models are proposed as the basis for the classification of cancer cells. However, more research using these models is needed to obtain a broader view of the meaning of each parameter and to be able to establish a relationship between the parameters and the cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Ovalle-Flores
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Av. Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Maricela Rodríguez-Nieto
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Av. Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana Zárate-Triviño
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Manuel L. Barragán s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Manuel L. Barragán s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Menchaca
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Av. Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, 66450, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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6
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Kletter T, Biswas A, Reber S. Engineering metaphase spindles: Construction site and building blocks. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 79:102143. [PMID: 36436307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In an active, crowded cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells construct metaphase spindles from conserved building blocks to segregate chromosomes. Yet, spindles execute their function in a stunning variety of cell shapes and sizes across orders of magnitude. Thus, the current challenge is to understand how unique mesoscale spindle characteristics emerge from the interaction of molecular collectives. Key components of these collectives are tubulin dimers, which polymerise into microtubules. Despite all conservation, tubulin is a genetically and biochemically complex protein family, and we only begin to uncover how tubulin diversity affects microtubule dynamics and thus spindle assembly. Moreover, it is increasingly appreciated that spindles are dynamically intertwined with the cytoplasm that itself exhibits cell-type specific emergent properties with yet mostly unexplored consequences for spindle construction. Therefore, on our way toward a quantitative picture of spindle function, we need to understand molecular behaviour of the building blocks and connect it to the entire cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kletter
- IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Abin Biswas
- IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Reber
- IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; University of Applied Sciences Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Nagy ÁG, Kanyó N, Vörös A, Székács I, Bonyár A, Horvath R. Population distributions of single-cell adhesion parameters during the cell cycle from high-throughput robotic fluidic force microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7747. [PMID: 35546603 PMCID: PMC9095720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell adhesion plays an essential role in biological and biomedical sciences, but its precise measurement for a large number of cells is still a challenging task. At present, typical force measuring techniques usually offer low throughput, a few cells per day, and therefore are unable to uncover phenomena emerging at the population level. In this work, robotic fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) was utilized to measure the adhesion parameters of cells in a high-throughput manner to study their population distributions in-depth. The investigated cell type was the genetically engineered HeLa Fucci construct with cell cycle-dependent expression of fluorescent proteins. This feature, combined with the high-throughput measurement made it possible for the first time to characterize the single-cell adhesion distributions at various stages of the cell cycle. It was found that parameters such as single-cell adhesion force and energy follow a lognormal population distribution. Therefore, conclusions based on adhesion data of a low number of cells or treating the population as normally distributed can be misleading. Moreover, we found that the cell area was significantly the smallest, and the area normalized maximal adhesion force was significantly the largest for the colorless cells (the mitotic (M) and early G1 phases). Notably, the parameter characterizing the elongation of the cells until the maximum level of force between the cell and its substratum was also dependent on the cell cycle, which quantity was the smallest for the colorless cells. A novel parameter, named the spring coefficient of the cell, was introduced as the fraction of maximal adhesion force and maximal cell elongation during the mechanical detachment, which was found to be significantly the largest for the colorless cells. Cells in the M phase adhere in atypical way, with so-called reticular adhesions, which are different from canonical focal adhesions. We first revealed that reticular adhesion can exert a higher force per unit area than canonical focal adhesions, and cells in this phase are significantly stiffer. The possible biological consequences of these findings were also discussed, together with the practical relevance of the observed population-level adhesion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston G Nagy
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicolett Kanyó
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vörös
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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8
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Huang L, Li W, Luo G, Lu D, Zhao L, Yang P, Wang X, Wang J, Lin Q, Jiang Z. Piezoelectric-AlN resonators at two-dimensional flexural modes for the density and viscosity decoupled determination of liquids. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:38. [PMID: 35450325 PMCID: PMC8976841 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A micromachined resonator immersed in liquid provides valuable resonance parameters for determining the fluidic parameters. However, the liquid operating environment poses a challenge to maintaining a fine sensing performance, particularly through electrical characterization. This paper presents a piezoelectric micromachined cantilever with a stepped shape for liquid monitoring purposes. Multiple modes of the proposed cantilever are available with full electrical characterization for realizing self-actuated and self-sensing capabilities. The focus is on higher flexural resonances, which nonconventionally feature two-dimensional vibration modes. Modal analyses are conducted for the developed cantilever under flexural vibrations at different orders. Modeling explains not only the basic length-dominant mode but also higher modes that simultaneously depend on the length and width of the cantilever. This study determines that the analytical predictions for resonant frequency in liquid media exhibit good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, the experiments on cantilever resonators are performed in various test liquids, demonstrating that higher-order flexural modes allow for the decoupled measurements of density and viscosity. The measurement differences achieve 0.39% in density and 3.50% in viscosity, and the frequency instability is below 0.05‰. On the basis of these results, design guidelines for piezoelectric higher-mode resonators are proposed for liquid sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linya Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Wei Li
- The Eleventh Research Institute of The Sixth Academy of CASC, Xi’an, 710100 China
| | - Guoxi Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Dejiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Xiaozhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Jiuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Qijing Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Nano Measurement Technologies Discipline Innovation, Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
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9
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Luo M, Yang W, Cartwright TN, Higgins JMG, Chen J. Simultaneous Measurement of Single-Cell Mechanics and Cell-to-Materials Adhesion Using Fluidic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:620-628. [PMID: 34981921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The connection between cells and their substrate is essential for biological processes such as cell migration. Atomic force microscopy nanoindentation has often been adopted to measure single-cell mechanics. Very recently, fluidic force microscopy has been developed to enable rapid measurements of cell adhesion. However, simultaneous characterization of the cell-to-material adhesion and viscoelastic properties of the same cell is challenging. In this study, we present a new approach to simultaneously determine these properties for single cells, using fluidic force microscopy. For MCF-7 cells grown on tissue-culture-treated polystyrene surfaces, we found that the adhesive force and adhesion energy were correlated for each cell. Well-spread cells tended to have stronger adhesion, which may be due to the greater area of the contact between cellular adhesion receptors and the surface. By contrast, the viscoelastic properties of MCF-7 cells cultured on the same surface appeared to have little dependence on cell shape. This methodology provides an integrated approach to better understand the biophysics of multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Luo
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Wenjian Yang
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
- Research Center for Intelligent Sensing Systems, Zhijiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Tyrell N Cartwright
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
| | - Jinju Chen
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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10
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Ahmed R, Augustine R, Valera E, Ganguli A, Mesaeli N, Ahmad IS, Bashir R, Hasan A. Spatial mapping of cancer tissues by OMICS technologies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188663. [PMID: 34861353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spatial mapping of heterogeneity in gene expression in cancer tissues can improve our understanding of cancers and help in the rapid detection of cancers with high accuracy and reliability. Significant advancements have been made in recent years in OMICS technologies, which possess the strong potential to be applied in the spatial mapping of biopsy tissue samples and their molecular profiling to a single-cell level. The clinical application of OMICS technologies in spatial profiling of cancer tissues is also advancing. The current review presents recent advancements and prospects of applying OMICS technologies to the spatial mapping of various analytes in cancer tissues. We benchmark the current state of the art in the field to advance existing OMICS technologies for high throughput spatial profiling. The factors taken into consideration include spatial resolution, types of biomolecules, number of different biomolecules that can be detected from the same assay, labeled versus label-free approaches, and approximate time required for each assay. Further advancements are still needed for the widespread application of OMICs technologies in performing fast and high throughput spatial mapping of cancer tissues as well as their effective use in research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Robin Augustine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Enrique Valera
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Anurup Ganguli
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Nasrin Mesaeli
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Irfan S Ahmad
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Rashid Bashir
- Nick Holonyak Jr. Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, IL, USA; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Connolly S, McGourty K, Newport D. The influence of cell elastic modulus on inertial positions in Poiseuille microflows. Biophys J 2021; 120:855-865. [PMID: 33545102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Microchannels are used as a transportation highway for suspended cells both in vivo and ex vivo. Lymphatic and cardiovascular systems transfer suspended cells through microchannels within the body, and microfluidic techniques such as lab-on-a-chip devices, flow cytometry, and CAR T-cell therapy utilize microchannels of similar sizes to analyze or separate suspended cells ex vivo. Understanding the forces that cells are subject to while traveling through these channels are important because certain applications exploit these cell properties for cell separation. This study investigated the influence that cytoskeletal impairment has on the inertial positions of circulating cells in laminar pipe flow. Two representative cancer cell lines were treated using cytochalasin D, and their inertial positions were investigated using particle streak imaging and compared between benign and metastatic cell lines. This resulted in a shift in inertial positions between benign and metastatic as well as treated and untreated cells. To determine and quantify the physical changes in the cells that resulted in this migration, staining and nanoindentation techniques were then used to determine the cells' size, circularity, and elastic modulus. It was found that the cells' exposure to cytochalasin D resulted in decreased elastic moduli of cells, with benign and metastatic cells showing decreases of 135 ± 91 and 130 ± 60 Pa, respectively, with no change in either size or shape. This caused benign, stiffer cancer cells to be more evenly distributed across the channel width than metastatic, deformable cancer cells; additionally, a decrease in the elastic moduli of both cell lines resulted in increased migration toward the channel center. These results indicate that the elastic modulus may play more of a part in the inertial migration of such cells than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Connolly
- School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kieran McGourty
- School of Natural Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - David Newport
- School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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